Objective To investigate the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane at the equivalent depth of subanesthesia on neuronal proliferation and phosphorylation of extraceullar signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)protein in the hippocampi of neonatal rats.Methods Seventy-two neonatal rats at postnatal day 7 were involved in this study and they were assigned randomly into isoflurane group (Iso group),sevoflurane group (Sev group) and control group (Con group).The rats in I group,S group or C group were separately exposed to 0.75％ isoflurane or 1.2％ sevoflurane (equivalent to 0.3 MAC for neonatal rats) or air for 6 h.Some rats in each group were injected intraperitoneally BrdU 100 mg/kg immediately (D0) (n =6) or 3 days after exposure (D3) (n =6),and their brains were perfusion and embedded by paraffin 24 h after BrdU injection.BrdU positive expressions in the in dentate gyrus (DG) area of hippocampus were detected by IHC staining.Besides,the fresh hippocampi of some rats each group were dissected at the end of anesthesia,caspase-3 and phospho-ERK1/2,ERK1/2 proteins expression were detected by Western blot (n =6).The other rats in each group were used to measure changes of pH and blood glucose (n =6).One way ANOVA test was used for data analysis among groups.Results BrdU-positive cells had no significant difference among group IsoD0 ((1332.43 ± 192.70)/mm2),group SevD0 ((1207.33 ±139.50)/mm2),and group ConDO ((1362.40 ± 227.90)/mm2) at D0,while which had significantly decreased by 32.6％ (P＜ 0.05) in group IsoD3 ((604.56 ± 65.77)/mm2) when compared with those in group ConD3 ((896.90 ± 78.77)/mm2) at D3.There was no significant difference between groups of SevD3 ((808.73 ± 41.27)/mm2) and ConD3.The expression of caspase-3 protein was increased by 195％ (P＜ 0.01) in Iso group while which only increased by 74％ (P ＜ 0.05) in Sev group when compared with Con group.The expression of P44 and P42 of phospho-ERK1/2 protein in the hippocami decreased by 53％ (P ＜ 0.01) and 47％ (P ＜ 0.01))seperately in Iso group when compared with Con group,while there were no significant differences between Sev group and Con group.Conclusion 0.3 MAC isoflurane,not sevoflurane inhibits neuronal proliferation in DG of hippocampi in the neonatal rats.Inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation may involve in the mechanisms of that isoflurane inhibits neuronal proliferation.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toinvestigatetheeffectofsevoflurane(Sevo)onthedendriticdevelopmentinprefrontal cortex ( PFC) of neonatal rats and the role of cyclin dependent kinase 5 ( Cdk5 )-collapsin response mediator protein ( CRMP) pathway in it.METHODS:Eighty-eight postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=22):Air+NS group, Air+roscovitine (Ros) group, Sevo+NS group and Sevo+Ros group.The rats in Air+NS group and Air+Ros group were exposed to the air for 4 h, while the rats in the other 2 groups were exposed to 2.8%sevoflurane for 4 h.The rats received intraperitoneal injection of 150μL normal saline 15 min before exposure in the Air+NS group and Sevo+NS group, while the rats in the Air+Ros group and Sevo+Ros group received intraperitoneal injection of 150μL roscovitine ( in DMSO solution, 10 mg/kg) 15 min before exposure.At the end of exposure, the corti-ces of the rat brain were collected and the protein levels of P35, P25, Cdk5, CRMP1, CRMP2, CRMP4 and p-CRMP2 Ser522 in PFC were detected by Western blot.On the postnatal day 30, the rat brains were sectioned for Golgi-Cox staining and morphological analysis of dendrites in the PFC neurons.Open-field test and contextual fear conditioning test were per-formed on postnatal days 25~27 and 31~32, respectively.RESULTS:Compared with Air+NS group, the expression of P35 in the Sevo+NS group was significantly decreased, and the expression of P25 was dramatically increased (P<0.05), whereas roscovitine partly reversed the changes above induced by sevoflurane (P<0.05).The expression of Cdk5 was not significantly different among all groups.Compared with the Air+NS group, the expression of CRMP1, 2, and 4 in the Se-vo+NS group were decreased, and the protein level of p-CRMP2 Ser522/CRMP2 was increased ( P<0.05 ) , whereas roscovitine partly reversed the changes above induced by sevoflurane (P<0.05), except for the expression of CRMP2. Compared with Air+NS group, the total dendrite length, secondary dendritic length and interactions on 60 and 80 μm shells in the Sevo+NS group were decreased (P<0.01), whereas roscovitine partly reversed the changes above induced by sevoflurane (P<0.05).Compared with Air+NS group, the percentage of freezing time in the Sevo+NS group was de-creased (P<0.01), whereas roscovitine partly reversed the changes induced by sevoflurane (P<0.05).No significant difference among groups in the open-field test was observed.CONCLUSION:Sevoflurane exposure disturbed dendritic de-velopment of neurons in PFC, learning and memory ability of neonatal rats, which may be mediated by Cdk5-CRMP path-way.

Objective To compare the specificity, sensitivity, titers, and rapidity of four methods including papain technique, anti-globulin technique, polybrene test, and micro-column gel test for determination of IgG red blood cell antibodies. Methods Twelve kinds of IgG red blood cell antibodies such as anti-D, anti-E, anti-C, anti-c, anti-e, anti-Jk a, anti-Jk b, anti-Fy a, anti-Fy b, anti-k, anti-S, and anti-s were checked by the four methods. Results Seven kinds of IgG red blood cell antibodies including anti-D, anti-E, anti-C, anti-c, anti-e, anti-Jk a, and anti-Jk b were detected using papain technique (7/12). All of the 12 kinds of IgG antibodies were detected by anti-globulin technique (12/12). Eleven kinds of IgG red blood cell antibodies except anti-k were examined with polybrene test (11/12) and all the antibodies were also determinated by micro-column gel test (12/12). The titers of the antibodies determination suggested that papain technique was less sensitive than other three methods, while the micro-column gel test was more sensitive than other three methods in examination of all the antibodies. The lasting time of four techniques were: papain technique 45 min, anti-human globulin technique 60 min, polybrene test 5 min, and micro-column gel test 30 min. Conclusion Papain technique has some limitation in determination of IgG antibodies and anti-globulin technique is complicated because of long period incubation and multiple wash of red blood cells. Polybrene test is the most simple and convenient technique for determination of IgG antibodies. Micro-column gel test is the most sensitive method in determination of IgG antibodies.

Objective To evaluate the hearing function of pilots under physical examination for modification to equipment of high performance aircraft,using pure tone audiometry(PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE).Methods Analyzed were all the results of PTA and DPOAE of 75 pilots (150 ears) which accepted physical examination for modification to equipment of high performance aircraft in our department from March 2008 to February 2009.75 cases were divided into two groups according to their flight time.The difference between these two groups was studied.Results According to the Equipments of Physical Constitution for Flying Persons of Air force,PLA,all 75 pilots passed the ENT assessments as being qualified for flying.Of all 150 ears,abnormal DPOAEs were obviously higher than that of abnormal PTA tests.128 ears had normal PTA results.92 ears had normal DPOAE results.36 ears (27.6&) showed abnormal DPOAEs at one or more frequencies,especially at 1,3 and 4 kHz.22 ears had abnormal PTA results.20 ears had noticeable V or U shaped thresholds at 3 kHz and/or 4 kHz.The DPOAE amplitudes showed similar curves.The other two ears showed depressions at all frequencies,in both PTA and DPOAE tests.No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in DPOAE.But statistical difference was found in DPOAE at 4 kHz compared with other frequencies.No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in DPOAE amplitudes at 1,2,3 and 4 kHz.but at 6 and 8 kHz.Conclusion The application of DPOAE test helped find pilots who were on the early stage of noise-induced hearing loss.These pilots were the most important objects for us to follow up.

OBJECTIVE To compare two different procedures of blood donation in volunteer donors,which lead to different discard rates of blood,different donation reaction rates and the satisfaction of the donor agency,so as to seek the better procedure bringing less discard of blood and more convenience for the military donor agency and blood center. METHODS In group A,3 667 donors blood was collected before the tests and retests for transfusion transmitted diseases(TTD) were done.While in group B,4 185 donors were taken blood samples for pre-donation test.The blood collection was performed 4 hours later. RESULTS In group A,3 652 units of blood were collected,of which 69 units were discarded on account of positive results in test and retest.Meanwhile,in group B 3 718 units of blood were collected from the donors who passed the pre-donation test for TTD.As a result,34 units of blood were discarded because of the positive results in retest.The discard rates of blood were 1.89% and 0.91% while the donation reaction rates were 2.22% and 3.98%,respectively.in two procedures.The discard rates of blood in group A were higher than those in group B.But the donation reaction rate in group B was higher than that in group A. CONCLUSIONS The discard rate of blood in the procedure collecting before test is higher than that in the procedure testing before collection.But the donation reaction rate is low and the waiting period for donation is short in the former procedure,which is suitable for low TTD infections population of military agencies.

Objective:To measure the safe range from the foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, and to provide guidance for operation through pterygopalatine fossa.Methods:The skulls of 121 volunteers were scanned to get the final results with thin-section computed tomographic images.The position of the siphon of internal carotid artery (point A)and foramen rotundum (pointB)were ascertained.Three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used to build a coordinate system paralleled to the frankfort horizontal plane and the nasal septum plane.The coordinate system took point A as the coordinate origin.Point C and point D were the projections of point A in two planes parallel with frankfort horizontal plane and nasal septum plane which included point B.The distances of AC,AB,and BC were measured. The angles of the line went through A and B to the three planes were also measured.Results:The distance of AC was measured as 13.22 (3.79)mm (range,8.33 - 105.67 mm;95%CI:8.55 - 21.39 mm).The angle to the sagittal plane was measured as 33.54 (9.23)° (range,5.38- 66.58°;95%CI:30.88 - 34.20°). The angle to the coronal plane was measured as 53.17 (10.48)°(range,5.60-75.02°;95%CI:51.29-55.06°).The angle to the horizontal plane was measured as 9.43 (12.91 ) mm (range,- 28.44 - 82.22;95% CI:7.11 - 11.76 ). Conclusion:The safety distance from foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery in the operation through pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) under nasoendoscope is obtained by thin-section computed tomographic images.

In recent years,radiomics has been developed rapidly in the field of clinical medicine,and the artificial intelligence(AI)technology has been utilized to assist diagnosis.This paper introduced the background of radiomics,analyzed the basic research process of radiomics,and looked forward to its application in the identification of bone and joint injuries in the field of forensic medicine.Reviewing the three aspects is expected to provide a theoretical foundation of radiomics,which will be helpful to develop its application in forensic medicine.

Objective:To explore the effect of rapamycin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+ )-induced activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in microglia.Methods:The BV2 microglia cells were divided into control group, model group and rapamycin group.The model group and rapamycin group were treated by MPP+ to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, and rapamycin group was pretreated with rapamycin.Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Western blot was carried out to assess the protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3).Results:The mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in model group were higher than those in control group ( t=4.825, 3.015, 5.853, all P<0.05). The mRNA levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in rapamycin group were lower than those in model group ( t=2.75, 2.89, both P<0.05). In model group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 (1.54±0.22), ASC (1.02±0.13) and caspase-1 (1.42±0.30) were higher than NLRP3 (0.66±0.15), ASC (0.41±0.14) and caspase-1 (0.70±0.10) in control group ( t=5.653, 5.602, 3.964, all P<0.01), while the protein expression of beclin1 (0.28±0.09) and LC3II/LC3I ratio(0.69±0.14) were lower than beclin1 (0.60±0.11) and LC3II/LC3I (1.29±0.23) in control group ( t=4.010, 3.982, both P<0.01). The protein expressions of NLRP3 (0.80±0.18) and ASC (0.68±0.14) in rapamycin group were lower than those in model group ( t=4.413, 3.077, both P<0.05), while the protein expression of beclin1 (0.65±0.20) and LC3II/LC3I ratio(1.42±0.36) were higher than those in model group ( t=2.965, 3.278, both P<0.05). Conclusion:MPP+ activates NLRP3 inflammasome and impairs autophagic function in microglia.Rapamycin inhibits MPP+ -induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by restoring autophagic impairment in microglia.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of digital orthognathic surgery in the surgical treatment of patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and patients’ satisfaction.Methods:The clinical data of HFM patients admitted to the Department of Orthognathic & Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, from January 2017 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The digital orthognathic surgery was used to design surgical protocols before surgery. The intermediate wafer and terminal wafer by three-dimensional printing were applied to determine the position of maxillary and mandible bone blocks. The distance change between landmarks in maxillary and chin and the reference planes was measured. The skull CT and face photographs were taken 5 days after surgery to compare the distance between the actual position and the designed position. Data were expressed as the Mean±SD and analyzed by the pairing t-test with P<0.05 considered statistically. The patients’ satisfaction was investigated by interval scale method on day 7 and 6 months after operation. Results:There were 9 HFM patients in this study, included 5 men and 4 women, and the average age was 25.8±3.8 years old. 6 patients were affected on the left side and 3 patients was affected on the right side. All the operations were processed successfully. The wafers were in good position that the maxillary and mandible blocks were moved precisely according to the digital design. There were no accidental fractures of the jaw during the operation. The post-operative photographs and CT showed the stomatognathic system recovered well without serious postoperative complications. The errors between postoperative situation and preoperative designed situation in maxillary and chin were no statistically difference ( P>0.05). The maximum movement error of the maxillary bone block was the mark point of the first molar on the left, with an average error of (0.92 ± 0.34) mm. The patients’ satisfaction scores were averaged 83.2±2.7 points on day 7 after surgery, while the score dropped to 73.8±2.5 points after 6 months. Conclusions:The digital orthognathic surgery technology can satisfy the accuracy requirement of the surgical plan design for HFM patients in correcting the deflect of dental middle line, occlusal plane and chin point. High postoperative satisfaction can be achieved, which may decrease slightly 6 months after operation.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of digital orthognathic surgery in the surgical treatment of patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and patients’ satisfaction.Methods:The clinical data of HFM patients admitted to the Department of Orthognathic & Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, from January 2017 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The digital orthognathic surgery was used to design surgical protocols before surgery. The intermediate wafer and terminal wafer by three-dimensional printing were applied to determine the position of maxillary and mandible bone blocks. The distance change between landmarks in maxillary and chin and the reference planes was measured. The skull CT and face photographs were taken 5 days after surgery to compare the distance between the actual position and the designed position. Data were expressed as the Mean±SD and analyzed by the pairing t-test with P<0.05 considered statistically. The patients’ satisfaction was investigated by interval scale method on day 7 and 6 months after operation. Results:There were 9 HFM patients in this study, included 5 men and 4 women, and the average age was 25.8±3.8 years old. 6 patients were affected on the left side and 3 patients was affected on the right side. All the operations were processed successfully. The wafers were in good position that the maxillary and mandible blocks were moved precisely according to the digital design. There were no accidental fractures of the jaw during the operation. The post-operative photographs and CT showed the stomatognathic system recovered well without serious postoperative complications. The errors between postoperative situation and preoperative designed situation in maxillary and chin were no statistically difference ( P>0.05). The maximum movement error of the maxillary bone block was the mark point of the first molar on the left, with an average error of (0.92 ± 0.34) mm. The patients’ satisfaction scores were averaged 83.2±2.7 points on day 7 after surgery, while the score dropped to 73.8±2.5 points after 6 months. Conclusions:The digital orthognathic surgery technology can satisfy the accuracy requirement of the surgical plan design for HFM patients in correcting the deflect of dental middle line, occlusal plane and chin point. High postoperative satisfaction can be achieved, which may decrease slightly 6 months after operation.