Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of adverse reactions to cosmetics in China,and to provide a basis for further supervision.Methods The diagnosis of adverse reactions to cosmetics was according to 7 national standards (GB17149.1-7-1997) including the A general rule for the diagnosis and management of skin diseases induced by cosmetics.Data regarding gender,age,occupation,educational background,disease types,cosmetic types,and so on,were collected from patients with adverse reactions to cosmetics at 13 surveillance sites in China during 2005-2014.A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.Results During 2005-2014,a total of 13 534 cases of adverse reactions to cosmetics were reported to the monitoring system.Of these cases,95.40％ (12 912/13 534) were female,and 80.85％ were young or middle-aged (20-44 years).Finally,5 446 cases were confirmed to be adverse reactions to cosmetics,among which,94.66％ (5 155/5 466) were contact dermatitis to cosmetics,and 132 were other types that were not included in the A general rule for the diagnosis and management of skin diseases induced by cosmetics.Among these confirmed cases,14 209 cosmetic products were involved,and ordinary skin care products predominated in these products.The proportion of imported cosmetic products (48.79％,6 932/14 209) was slightly higher than that of domestic products (43.21％,6 139/14 209).The number of reported eases increased by 13.16％ per year from 2005 to 2009,but decreased by 17.96％ per year from 2010 to 2014.Conclusion Adverse reactions to cosmetics are a complicated and important public health issue,and effective measures should be taken based on their characteristics.

Objective:To analyze the health responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides in the process of community chronic disease management for the elderly,as well as to provide a reference for the fulfillment of the health responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides in the process of chronic disease management.Methods:Elderly people were extracted as research subjects from communities,that were under the jurisdiction of the 27 community health service centers we selected.By using the method of questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews,this paper analyzed the health responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides from the perspective of chronic diseases and health awareness among the elderly,self-management responsibilities of the elderly,and the health responsibility of community health service institutions.Results:There was still room for improvement in the fulfillment of health responsibilities by both the supply and demand sides,and the ability of elderly people to fulfill self-management responsibilities needs to be improved.Under the guidance of the three-level prevention theory,there were varying degrees of deficiencies in the fulfillment of health responsibilities by community health service institutions in all dimensions.Conclusion:It is suggested to clarify the health responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides for chronic disease management,with the goal of achieving the health of the elderly population,to complete both the supply and demand sides to jointly build an interactive model of health responsibility of chronic disease management in the elderly community,and to realize the health co-construction and sharing.

Stroke has diverse clinical manifestations and complex causes, characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, high recurrence rate, high mortality rate, and high economic burden. Currently, conventional clinical diagnostic and treatment methods face challenges such as difficulty in predicting disease and prognosis, low diagnostic accuracy, and slow treatment due to limitations in manpower and time. With the in-depth research in artificial intelligence and its application in the medical field, machine learning models can not only predict and diagnose stroke more accurately but also identify risk factors and determine high-risk populations. This paper reviews the current research status of machine learning algorithms, the identification of stroke risk factors, common machine learning algorithms for stroke prediction, and the effectiveness of these algorithms in stroke risk prediction. Findings from this paper will help provide a scientific basis for the early identification of high-risk populations, the adoption of effective preventive measures, and the formulation of precise treatment plans.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose and standard-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT vs. SD-RT) in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer patients with positive human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods:All comparative studies of low-dose versus standard-dose radiotherapy in the treatment of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), CNKI, Chongqing VIP, and Wanfang databases from January 1, 2000 to February 9, 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were strictly screened, and the RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 8 studies were included. The pooled results showed that the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients in the LD-RT group were similar to those in the SD-RT group ( HR=0.83, 95% CI=0.59-1.18, P=0.31; HR=0.97, 95% CI=0.53-1.78, P=0.92), but the rate of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion was significantly reduced ( RR=0.45, 95% CI=0.28-0.72, P=0.001). Conclusion:LD-RT yields similar efficacy and lower rate of PEG insertion compared with SD-RT in HPV-positive oropharyngeal neoplasm patients.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.