Objective To investigate the optimal regimen of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD),and to analyze factors influencing treatment compliance.Methods Demographic data,results of photobiological tests,treatment parameters and clinical responses were collected from CAD patients who received NB-UVB phototherapy in Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from January 2008 to June 2015,and were reviewed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was done by using two independent samples t-test and chi-square test with SAS9.3 software to compare the clinical data between patients who completed and did not complete the NB-UVB phototherapy.Results A total of 79 CAD patients with Fitzpatrick skin type Ⅳ received NB-UVB phototherapy.Of these patients,61 (77％) completed the whole treatment,while 18 (23％) dropped out because of intolerance to the NB-UVB radiation.Among the 61 patients who completed the treatment,the average initial,final and cumulative radiation doses of NB-UVB were (0.08 ± 0.01) J/cm2,(0.32 ± 0.08) J/cm2and (5.9 ± 2.5) J respectively,and patients received (28 ± 8) times of treatment in average.When the radiation dose went up to 0.30 J/cm2,most skin lesions were cleared in 52 (85％) patients.A total of 19patients received phototesting again after the end of phototherapy.Among 16 patients sensitive to ultraviolet A (UVA) before the treatment,6 had normal minimal erythema dose to UVA (UVA-MED),and another 6 had improved UVA-MED after the treatment.Among 16 patients sensitive to UVB before the treatment,11 got normal UVB-MED and another 3 had improved UVB-MED after the treatment.Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in gender,age,duration of the disease,sensitivity to UVA and UVB radiation,results of photopatch test and patch test between the patients who completed and did not complete the treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The appropriate NB-UVB phototherapy for CAD patients should start at an initial radiation dose of 0.08 J/cm2 in spring and end at a final radiation dose of 0.30 J/cm2 for about 28 sessions,which can effectively reduce the photosensitivity to both UVA and UVB in CAD patients.Additionally,NB-UVB phototherapy can be applied in CAD patients of different gender,age,disease duration and photosensitive condition.

Objective To explore whether PERK is involved in the regulation of arsenite-induced autophagy.Methods Human hepatoma cells HepG2 were cultured and treated with arsenite.The expression level of autophagic hallmarks and the activation status of PERK were detected by Western blotting.The transactivation of p53 and the induction of its downstream target genes expression were also detected by Western blotting after knockdown of PERK expression.Transactivity of p53 was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay after knockdown of PERK expression.Results An increase in the LC3BII:I ratio,the induction of Beclin-1 expression and the degradation of p62 were readily observed in arsenite-treated HepG2 cells,but the effects were abolished after knockdown of PERK expression.Furthermore,phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser392,transactivation of p53 and the induction of its downstream target gene DAPK1 expression were effectively inhibited under the same PERK knockdown conditions.Conclusion PERK regulates arsenite-induced autophagy by activating p53-dependent DAPK1 upregulation.

BACKGROUND:The mechanism of differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells remains unclear. In addition, issues such as how signal pathways such as Ca2+and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellproliferation and differentiation signals form complex signal network remain poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Ca2+in the induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes.
METHODS:Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat bone marrow using whone bone marrow adherence method, purified, amplified, and induced with hepatocyte growth factor. [Ca2+]i in the directional differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and control bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were detected with flow cytometry. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced with hepatocyte growth factor were mixed with nimodipine of different concentration, and cells were divided into three groups:hepatocyte growth factor+nimodipine 10 mg/L, 50 or 100 mg/L groups. cellgrowth was observed with inverted phase contrast microscope and alpha 1-antitrypsin expression of the cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The calcineurin M and the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:[Ca2+]i in the directional differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). After addition of a larger dose of nimodipine, no differentiation of cells was obeserved and growth of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was getting worse. There were few alpha 1-antitrypsin positive cells in the nimodipine groups. Calcineurin Mexpression was significantly increased in directional differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and smal dose of nimodipine than the controls (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found among middle, high dose nimodipine and control groups (P>0.05). These findings indicate that Ca2+could participate in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes incuded with cytokines, and also maintain the survival and proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To determine the effects of tempol(a nitroxide), in the exposure of ultraviolet-B (UVB), on cell proliferation, superoxide enzyme (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1,MMP-3 in human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. Methods Fibroblasts were irradiated by a single exposure of 36 seconds to 40 mJ/cm 2 UVB and at the same time incubated with, or without, tempol and detected twenty-four hours later. SOD activity and lipid peroxidation,as shown by accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by biochemical assay. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 (mRNA level) were examined by Semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results 40 mJ/cm 2 UVB significantly inhibited cell proliferation rate to (84?8)% (P

The mechanomyography (MMG) records and quantifies the low-frequency lateral oscillations of active muscle fibers. It can represent the mechanical characteristics of muscle activity. MMG has been used to evaluate muscle fatigue. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a time-frequency method with the feature of self-adaptation, and designed specifically for nonlinear and nonstationary signal analysis. In this study, MMG signal was recorded from biceps brachii during isometric fatigue contraction. HHT was used to calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum values of instantaneous frequency, named as the band ratio, to estimate muscle fatigue. The results showed that the band ratios were 0.431 +/- 0.607 and 0.286 +/- 0.218 after fatigue for the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of 50% and 70%, respectively. These indicated that the frequency declined after muscles fatigue.
Algorithms ; Electromyography ; methods ; Humans ; Muscle Fatigue ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

To study the bioequivalence of Clavulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin (1:7) dispersible tablets, a randomized cross-over study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers. A single oral dose of 1,000 mg Clavulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin (1:7) dispersible tablets (Tested formulation, T) or Augmentin syrup (Reference formulation, R). Concentrations in plasma were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The main parameters of T were: for Clavulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin, Cmax: 2.46 +/- 1.11 micrograms/ml and 18.81 +/- 7.26 micrograms/ml, Tmax: 1.12 +/- 0.23 h and 1.30 +/- 0.34 h, AUC(0-6 h): 5.18 +/- 2.24 micrograms.h/ml and 45.09 +/- 14.53 micrograms.h/ml, t1/2: 1.43 +/- 0.44 h and 1.09 +/- 0.22 h., respectively. The relative bioavailability of T to R were 96.5 +/- 19.2% and 98.4 +/- 26.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent.
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/*pharmacokinetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination/*pharmacokinetics ; Tablets ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans-retinoid(ATRA) on the migration of endothelial cells and the expression of gelatinases. Methods In vitro migration assay was used to determine the effect of ATRA on the endothelial cell migration induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe the effect of ATRA on the gelatinase expression at mRNA and protein levels respectively, while the proteolytic activities of gelatinases were assessed by zymography. Results The endothelial cell migration elicited by PMA was significantly inhibited when incubated with 0.1 ?mol/L, 1.0 ?mol/L and 10.0 ?mol/L ATRA. Compared with the control, the inhibition rates were (44.68 ? 7.79)%, (65.20 ? 4.59)% and (78.37 ? 2.58)%, respectively. ATRA also reduced the expression and activities of gelationases in a dose dependant manner. At 10 ?mol/L concentration, the inhibition rate of mRNA expression, protein expression and protein activities for gelatinase A was (59.39 ? 7.98)%, (78.40 ? 3.23)% and (53.02 ? 7.23)%, respectively. For gelatinase B it was (65.23 ? 3.62)%, (82.49 ? 2.88)% and (47.32 ? 7.72)%, respectively. Conclusions The expression and activities of gelatinases are downregulated in the endothelial cells when incubated with ATRA, which may be the possible mechanism of ATRA inhibiting the endothelial cell migration elicited by PMA in vitro.

Objective To estimate the effect of sun protection education on the severity and treatment of polymorphous light eruption (PLE).Methods Sixty-two patients with PLE were enrolled in this study,and randomly assigned into the control group (n =31) and intervention group (n =31) by using a random number table.Routine therapy was provided to all the subjects at their visits.The intervention group attended two lectures on sun protection at the beginning of spring and summer,and was given an education manual after each lecture.All the subjects completed a face to face interview and a questionnaire on the severity and therapy of PLE at the baseline and 12 months after enrollment.SPSS 11.5 software was used for data processing.Rank sum test,t test and chi-square test were carried out to assess the differences in the severity and treatment of PLE between the control group and intervention group as well as between pre-and post-intervention.Results The patients receiving sun protection education showed a significant decrease in the severity of PLE,including the number of months affected by PLE (t =4.611,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =3.569,P ＜ 0.01),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.369,P ＜ 0.05) and the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.650,P ＜0.01) in the year after enrollment compared with that before enrollment.Significant differences were also observed between the intervention group and control group in the number of months affected by PLE (t =3.679,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =2.995,P ＜ 0.05),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05),the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05) in the year after enrollment.The percentage of patients applying highly potent topical glucocorticosteroids (x2 =10.928,P ＜ 0.01)and administrating antihistamines (x2 =18.723,P ＜ 0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =2.656,P ＜ 0.01) were significantly reduced in the intervention group in the year after enrollment than in that before enrollment.Further more,a marked decrease was found in the percentage of patients applying topical highly potent glucocorticosteroids (x2 =4.521,P ＜ 0.05) and administrating antihistamines (x2 =10.949,P ＜0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =3.353,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Sun protection education through lectures and manuals appears to be an efficient adjuvant for the relief of PLE severity as well as for the reduction in the use of antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids,suggesting that dermatologists should pay more attention to sun protection education in the treatment of photosensitive diseases.

Objective To analyze the short-term and long-term effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The clinical data of 70 HCC patients who had received thermal ablation (group A) done or in combination with TACE (group B) were retrospectively analyzed.Results The rate of intrahepatic distant recurrence in group B (25 cases) was lower than that in group A (45 cases) (X2 =3.845,P =0.046) and the tumor-free survival rate was higher than group A (X2 =5.020,P =O.030).There were no differences in the local tumor progression rate (X2 =0.853,P =0.374) and overall survival (x2 =2.316,P =0.154) between two groups.Incidence of bone marrow suppression in group B was higher than that of group A (X2 =5.642,P =0.042).Major complications didn't occur in any group(X2 =2.016,P =0.183).The costs was higher(t =7.738,P ＜0.001) and the hospital stay was longer (t =5.921,P =0.003) in group B than group A.Conclusions Compared with ablation alone,combined therapy is able to reduce short-term recurrence,and improve tumor-free survival.Combine therapy is safe and effective method for small liver carcinoma.

ED are correlated with the severity of CAD in a degree.