Objective To investigate the hospitalization cost,length of stay in hospital,and mortality in patients with pulmonary infection in a hospital,and evaluate the influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for mak-ing targeted infection control measures.Methods Medical records of patients with pulmonary infection between January 2011 and December 2012 were collected,the difference and influencing factors of hospitalization cost,aver-age length of stay,and prognosis among patients with different types of pulmonary infection were compared and an-alyzed by univariate analysis,multiple linear regression analysis,and logistic regression analysis.Results Of 10 431 patients with pulmonary infection,the average hospitalization cost was (29 081 .95 ± 38 682.92 )yuan (RMB),the median cost was 16 085.25 yuan(RMB),and the average length of stay was (15.93 ±20.54)d,the median was 13.00 d,a total of 828 patients died due to invalid treatment,mortality was 7.94%.There were signifi-cant differences in hospitalization cost,average length of stay among patients with different genders,ages,modes of payment,admission status of illness,types of pulmonary infection,and operation or not (all P <0.05),and the differences in mortality were also significant among patients of above characteristics except gender(all P <0.05 ). Influencing factors for hospitalization cost were as follows:length of stay,whether or not operated,modes of pay-ment,types of pulmonary infection(healthcare-associated pneumonia,HAP),age,gender,and so on,influencing factors for length of stay were whether or not operated and types of pulmonary infection,factors leading to death were admission condition, types of pulmonary infection (HAP ),and whether or not operated, and so on. Conclusion Control of healthcare-associated pulmonary infection is important for controlling hospitalization cost, shortening average length of stay,and improving survival rate of patients.

The hyaluronon (HA) is an extensive existing non-sulfmucus glycosaminoglycan. The abnormal expression of HA is closely related to the development of malignant hematological diseases. The interation between HA and its receptors, such as CD444, RHAMM, participate in the process of the proliferation,movement, migration, invasiveness and multi-drug resistence in tumors. According to the latest published literatures in recent years, the the studies of HA in tumors, and the functions of HA in the development of malignant hematological diseases are reviewed in this article.

A probe into the management of outpatient medical records written by rural doctors:Such a record is indispensible for technical appraisal of medical accidents; yet writing of such a record might involve illegal medical practice or go beyond the scope of practice.It is recommended to normalize the behavior of rural doctors in their writing of outpatient medical records,stipulating that the Basic Regulations on Medical Records do not apply to rural doctors at present.It is also recommended that separate regulations for rural doctors be formulated,along with a promotional period before these regulations are in practice.An alternative would be clarifying that Article 28 of the Regulations of Medical Malpractice Settlement do not apply to rural doctors.

Objective Explore the relationship of ventricular late potential (VLP) and the heart function of children with viral myocarditis,and provide the evidence for their diagnosis and therapy.Methods The clinical data of 152 cases of epileptic children were collected.The patient group was divided into three groups (severe arrhythmia,heart failure,and cardiogenic shock).The patient group was also divided into two groups (cardiac dilatation,and non-cardiac dilatation) according to UCG.Serum levels of cTnI and VLP in children with viral myocarditis were detected.Results The VLP was negative in the mild and control groups,but the positive rate of VLP is 75.0 ％ in the severe group.The positive rate of VLP was 60.0％ in the severe arrhythmia group,77.78％ in the heart failure group,and 100％ in the shock group.There is one kind of negative rank correlation between LAS,RMS40 and LVFS (P ＜ 0.05),and another negative rank correlation between RMS40 and LVEF (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The children with viral myocarditis have a favorable prognosis.The sever patient in the minority must be diagnosed in time and treated because of the critical state of viral myocarditis children.The serum level of cTnI and VLP were increased in children with viral myocarditis,and they were sensitive parameters to reflect patients’ condition.

Objective To clone and express the cDNA encoding Schistosoma japonicum tropomyosin. Methods The cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The PCR products were ligated with pGEM T vectors and then for transformations. After characterization of white clones by agarose gel electrophoresis, endonucleases digestion and PCR, some recombinant plasmids with inserts were used for sequencing. Then the gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pQE30 and expression was induced by IPTG. Results The PCR products was 823 bp judged by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. A cDNA encoding S japonicum tropomyosin, except for 14 amino acids at the amino terminus and 2 at the carboxyl terminus, has been constructed and cloned successfully. The colony, designated pGSjcTM12, was sequenced and shown to be 91 1% identical at the nuclei acid level and 98.1% identical in deduced amino acid sequence to that of S mansoni tropomyosin. The gene was subcloned into pQE30 and an expressed protein of about 32 kDa was obtained.Conclusion The cloning and expression of the gene encoding S japonicum tropomyosin had been successfully made.

Secretome includes all the gene products secreted by a cell. The development of proteomicbased approaches and genome-based computational prediction technology have gradually revealed secretome plays an important role in pathogen infection recently. Secretome facilitates pathogen to proliferate and invade the host by inhibiting the host's immune system, resisting acidic PH conditions, snatching nutrition and so on.Identification of pathogenic secretome helps discovering new drug targets and biomarkers, and supporting the diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Mechanotransduction is an issue of concern in the study on the relationship between stress and growth. Mechano-growth factor (MGF) holds stress sensitivity, and exerts similar effect with stress in bone metabolism regulation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanotransduction during bone remodeling, and investigate the relationship between stress and growth at molecular level. METHODS: The governing equations about the relationship between MGF and mechanical stimulation, regulation of MGF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, regulation of MGF on RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling axis were established, and then the MGF-mediated bone reconstruction model was established to simulate the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the condition of disuse, there was a decrease in osteoblasts/osteoclasts ratio, bone mass and bone volume fraction, and bone resorption was more than bone formation. Under the condition of overload, there was an increase in osteoblasts/osteoclasts ratio, bone mass and bone volume fraction, and bone formation was more than bone resorption. The simulation results were in accordance with Frost mechanostat theory. These findings show that the mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on MGF can simulate the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimuli, and achieve mechanotransduction.

This article elaborates on the problem of nursing action accountability,that is,ethical accountability and law accountability.Through two vcrdict examples it gives furthor explanation of nursing action accountability.Therefore,nurses should take the patients' interest into first account and closely bond the internal restraining system-ethical accoantability and the external monitoring system-law accountability together,then they can protect their legitimate right and provide high quality of care for patients.

BACKGROUND: The implantation technique of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of important significance for repair of brain injury. However, its action pathway still needs to be investigated.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the injured regions of cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia in which MSCs were implanted, and to analyze the action mechanism of intracranial implantation of MSCs inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Institute for Cerebrovascular Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.MATERIALS: Twenty-four male adult Wistar rats, weighing 180 to 240 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shandong University. The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups with 8 in each: control group, injury group and implantation group. 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, Sigma Company), TUNEL kit, Bcl-2, Bax antibody kit were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Bioengineering Company.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Institute for Cerebrovascular Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College between April 2005 and September 2006. Rats in the injury group and implantation group were developed into rat models of cerebral ischemia by suture of external carotid artery. Seven days later, the successful rat models in the implantation group were injected in the cerebral cortex and striatum with 2×1012 L-1 MSCs suspension primarily cultured in vitro. The processing of the experimental animals corresponded to the requests of Animal Ethics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neuronal apoptosis and Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the injured regions of cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical method on the 7 and 14 days after successful modeling, separately.RESULTS: ①Neuronal apoptosis: On the 7th day after successful modeling, apoptotic cells were not found in the control group, and apoptotic cells in the implantation group were significantly fewer than those in the injury group (P ＜0.01). ② Bcl-2 and Bax expressions: On the 14th day after successful modeling, Bcl-2-positive neuronal expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats in the injury group was significantly weaker than that in the control group and implantation group (P ＜ 0.01). Bax-positive expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats in the injury group was significantly stronger than that in the control group and implantation group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: MSCs can promote Bcl-2 expression and inhibit Bax expression of rats with cerebral ischemia injury,and accordingly neuronal apoptosis will be reduced.

Objective To study the effect of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) and colposcope in diagnosis and treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.Methods A prospective randomized control trail was performed in 116 cervical in traepithelial neoplasia(CIN) patients wederwent LEEP.In 60 patients in the study group,the colposcope definitude locality and distributing of CIN before LEEP.In 56 patients the control group,spread Iodin solution on cervical definitude locality and distributing of CIN before LEEP.Then,follow-up was performed postoperatively in 1,3,6 months respectively.The operation time,the bleeding volume,the rate of residual were compared between the two groups,follow-up CIN.Results The rate of residual in the study group (4/60)6.67 ％ was lower than that in the control group(10/56) 17.86％.There was statistical difference between them(P =0.018).There was no statistical difference between them in the operation time and the bleeding volume( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion With colposcope,Can reduce the rate of residual.