During 1920-30s,under the push of Kuomintang,Communist Party and social personage,the Chinese village launched a cooperation movement. Although they failed to renew rural areas in China,the farmer autonomy spirit, policy practicality,the educational principles,and the spirit of evidence-based demonstration research embodied in the movement still have an enlightening significance to the construction of the new rural cooperative healthcare system and construction of new-type villages.

Objective To develop a method for the determination of acrylamide in flocculant by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Methods Acrylamide was derived through bromination and extracted by organic solvent.GC-MS method was used to identify the target substance and quantify acrylamide.Results The recoveries obtained from samples spiked with standards were in the range of 70.2%-109.2% and relative standard deviations (n=5) was less than 5.0%.Linearity of peak area was obtained over a wide range of concentration (4.3-2 000 ?g/ml),and the correlation coefficients was 0.999 4.Conclusion The method is reliable,selective and reproducible and it is applicable to the determination of the acrylamide in flocculant.

Objective To establish a rapid modified Local lymph node assay ( LLNA) for the sensitization and irritancy potential of chemicals, and evaluate cosmetics products. Methods 3 kinds of chemicals ( 2 , 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene ( DNCB) , Eugenol and Hexyl cinnamic aldehyde) and 3 kinds of cosmetics were selected.The dorsal sides of both ears of female BALB/c mice were treated with 25μL/ear of the test solutions on 3 consecutive days, and the thickness of each ear was measured.BrdU solution was injected inter-peritoneally on day 5.On day 6, each auricle was weighed, the bilateral draining auricular lymph nodes were excised and weighed, then made into single cell suspension.BrdU was measured by ELISA using a commercial kit.Results Ear swelling and auricle weight of DNCB ( 1.0%) , Eugenol ( 25% and 50%) and number 3 cream foundation increased significantly ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), which may be considered as irritants.The others were negative.For LLNA, three chemicals and number 3 cream foundation pretended positive.Conclusion The combined LLNA/ear swelling/ear weight assay appears to be a reliable predictor of sensitization and irritancy potential, and is expected to play an important role in safety evaluation of cosmetics.

Objective To analyze and compare results of local lymph node assays (LLNA) between BALB/c and CBA mice.Methods 4 chemicals (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, eugenol, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and isopropanol) and 3 cosmetics were applied to the dorsum of both ears of Balb/c and CBA mice for three consecutive days.BrdU solution was injected inter-peritoneally on day 5.On day 6, the bilateral draining auricular lymph nodes were excised and made into single cell suspension, the lymph cell proliferation was measured by BrdU ELISA kit.Results 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, eugenol, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and NO.3 perm agent pretended positive for both strains, EC1.6 values of three chemicals were found to be 0.08% (very strong), 4.02% (moderate), 6.68% (moderate) and 0.07% (very strong), 6.08% ( moderate), 8.89% ( moderate) for BALB/c and CBA mice respectively.Isopropanol, NO.1 and NO.2 cosmetics pretended to be non-sensitizers with SI <1.6 for both strains.Conclusion This study showed that BALB/c mouse was essentially equal to CBA for LLNA: BrdU-ELISA, which suggested that BALB/c mouse was a good alternative for CBA used in chemicals and cosmetics allergenic evaluation.

The PET tracer 5-([11C]methyloxy)-L-tryptophan (5-(11)CMTP) was prepared by nucleophilic fluorination and alkylation reaction via a two-step procedure in order to develop specific tumor probe. The biodistribution and microPET imaging of 5-(11)CMTP were executed. The results unveiled that the overall radiochemical yield with no decay correction was (14.6 ±7.2) %, the radiochemical purity was more than 95% and high uptake and long retention time of 5-(11)CMTP in liver, kidney and blood were observed but low uptake in brain and muscle were found, furthermore, high uptake of 5-(11)CMTP in tumor tissue was observed. It seems that 5-(11)CMTP will be a potential amino acid tracer for tumors imaging with PET.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of different acupoints on electroretinogram(ERG) and cerebral visual evoked potentials(VEP) in healthy subjects so as to evaluate the relative specificity of the function of acupoints.Methods A total of 33 healthy adult volunteers were observed in the present study.The subject was asked to lie on a testing bed for a while,two disk electrodes were respectively fixed to the suborbital region and the occiput(the crossing point,5cm apart from the right median line of the head and 5cm above the ear),and the reference electrode was fixed to the medial side of the earlobe for recording ERG and cerebral VEP separately.The testing room was asked to keep faint light during the whole recording process.A flash stimulation(frequency 1 Hz) was applied to the subject's eye(with a distance of about 50 cm between the light source and the tested eye,and the other eye was covered by an eyepatch).EA(0.5 Hz,0.2 ms and 3-4 V) was applied to Guangming(GB 37),Neiguan(PC 6) and Zusanli(ST 36) for 30 min respectively in different testing days(with the interval being 3 days at least).ERG and cerebral VEP were recorded by using Polygraphy(RM-6200).Results Following EA of Guangming(GB 37),Neiguan(PC 6) and Zusanli(ST 36),the changing values(increase and decrease) of the amplitude of b waves of ERG and P100 waves of cerebral VEP were(19.68?12.61)% and(12.84?14.08)%,(6.09?14.06)% and(5.61?8.01)%,(2.39?3.52)% and(5.43?8.22)%,respectively,while those of b waves of ERG and P100 waves of cerebral VEP of GB 37 were significantly bigger than those of PC 6 and ST 36(P

Objective:The topographical mapping technique of cortical evoked potential was used to observe the changes of the functional activities in the primary somatosensory area of cortex (SI) during external stimulation,the immanent relation between external stimulation and topographical mapping of cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP). Methods:33 healthy adult volunteers were under observation. Cerebral electric signal processing system was used to lead CSEP on the scalp. The external stimulation was applied as following:①A soft paintbrush was used to slightly brush the face only. ②Paintbrush was used to slightly brush the lower limb only. ③Paintbrush was used to slightly brush the trunk only. ④Paintbrush was used to slightly brush the lower limb or the trunk or the Gallbladder Meridian (GBM) and passing the upper arm by imitating the speed of meridian transmission phenomenon respectively. Results:①Evoking responses appeared in the foot areas in SI,without meridian transmission phenomenon when brushing the face,lower limb or trunk only. ②Healthy volunteers were offered imitation of sensation conduction along the GBM as well as brushing through the upper arm in addition,while,the results showed that the evoking responses appeared in the foot,the upper arm and the face representation area of SI simultaneously. Conclusion:The external stimulation along the meridian course was able to change the distribution of evoking responses in SI during stimulating acupoint. But the local stimulating on face,lower limb or trunk can not change the distribution of CSEP. The results provided experimental evidence for the supposition that 'activation in sequence in periphery'was the decisive factor for the formation of meridian transmission phenomenon.

Cellulases are relatively costly enzymes that are sold in large volumes for use in different industrial applications, and a significant reduction in cost will be important for their commercial use in biorefineries. The production of cellulase is a major factor in the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Hence it is essential to make the process economically viable. A strain (L-06) with high cellulase activity was screened from rice straw compost and classified as Penicillium decumbens by the analysis of its morphology and 18S rRNA gene sequences. Different conditions of liquid fermentation medium including nitrogen source, carbon source, surfactant, temperature, initial pH, inoculation quantity for the production of cellulase had been studied. The maximal beta-1, 4-glucosidase(BGL) activity was 1662 u/mL which is 1.49 times of the previous and the maximal exo-beta-1, 4-glucanases(CBH) activity was 2770 u/mL which is 1.36 times of the previous, cultured in the optimal condition for three days. And the maximal endo-beta-1, 4-glucanases (EG) activity was 18064 u/mL which is 1.87 times of the previous and the maximal filter paper enzyme(FPase) activity was 4035 u/mL which is 1.47 times of the previous, cultured in the optimal condition for four days. In the optimization experiments, the EG and CBH in the culture condition (pH10) maintained 70% and 43% activity. In the culture condition (50 degrees C) EG and CBH maintained 59% and 68% activity, which showed heat and alkali resistant characteristics.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cellulase ; biosynthesis ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Oryza ; Penicillium ; cytology ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; microbiology ; Temperature ; beta-Glucosidase ; biosynthesis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of the position and height of the examination couch with the accuracy of image registration in an exact effective field of vision (FOV) of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and determine the optimal position of the examination couch for best image registration.

METHODSThe tests were performed on a SPECT/CT with 6 radioactive (153)Gd sources in 3 groups (two in each group with energy peak of 40.9 Kev, 41.54 Kev, and 103.18 Kev) in an assorted standard pattern. Thirteen groups of slice data were obtained by changing the position and height of the bed but keeping the tomograpy slice constant. The bias of the accuracy of image registration was acquired using ALIGNMENT software and compared for different examination couch positions and heights.

RESULTSThe position of the examination couch at 0 cm in the Z axis and -4 cm in the Y axis showed the least error of image registration.

CONCLUSIONTo achieve optimal SPECT and CT image fusion, quality control must be implemented and calibration of image registration accuracy should be done when necessary.