Objective:To compare 2 position implant-supported molar distalization systems in clinical application.Methods:25 pa-tients with Class II and mild to moderate crowding dentition were included,18 females and 7 males,aged 15 to 29 years old(22.58 on average ).All the patients were treated with non-extraction method by distalizing the upper molar with micro-implant anchorage.In ex-perimental group(n =12)the micro-implants were inserted on infrazygomatic crest above the maxillary first molar mesial buccal root. In control group(n =13)the micro-implants were inserted on buccal alveolar bone between maxillary second premolar and maxillary first molar.In both groups micro-implants were inserted to distalize the maxillary molars.The displacement patterns of maxillary inci-sors and molars were measured and compared.Results:Successful primary micro-implant placement was obtained in 87.5%(21 /24) of the implantation in control group and 100%(26 /26)in experimental group.The distal movement(mm)of the molars in control and experiment group was 2.29 ±0.96 and 2.91 ±0.96 respectively(P >0.05).Experimental group showed significant intrusive displace-ment of the molars.Horizontal incisor displacement in experimental group was more than that in control group.Conclusion:Micro-im-plant inserted in infrazygomatic crest may facilitate intrusion and distalization of the maxillary molar and incisor.

AIM: To investigate the chromatographic fingerprints of Guangyanling Injection(Syringa oblata Lindl) by HPLC. METHODS: The separation was performed on a Water SunFire~ TM C_ 18 4.6 mm?250 mm 5 ?m analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-water as gradient eluent at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The UV detection was set at 280 nm. RESULTS: The HPLC-UV fingerprints of Guangyanling Injection was obtained with perfect isolation. CONCLUSION: The fingerprints could be used for the control of Guangyanling Injection.

Objective: To examine the impact of heat waves and cold spells on the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke, so as to provide insights into prevention of hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: Data pertaining to the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in Zibo City from 2015 to 2019 were collected from Shandong Provincial Management Information System for Chronic Diseases and Cause of Death Surveillance, and the meteorological data during the period from 2015 to 2019 were captured from National Meteorological Information Center of China. The air quality index (AQI) was collected from the National Daily Report of Urban Air Quality in China. Heat wave was defined as the highest daily temperature that was no less than the 90th percentile (P90), P92.5, P95 and P97.5 of the highest daily temperature in the warm season for at least 2, 3 or 4 days, and cold spell was defined as the lowest daily temperature that was no more than the P10, P7.5, P5 and P2.5 of the lowest daily temperature in the cold season for at least 2, 3 or 4 days. The effect of heat waves and cold spells on the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was evaluated using a generalized additive model and described with relative risk (RR) and its 95%CI. Results: A total of 8 844 case with first-onset hemorrhagic stroke were recorded in Zibo City from 2015 to 2019. The lowest daily temperature that was no more than P10, P7.5 or P5 of the lowest daily temperature in the cold season for at least two days, or that was no more than P10 or P7.5 of the lowest daily temperature for at least 3 days resulted a remarkably increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (lowest RR=1.187, 95%CI: 1.031-1.366; highest RR=1.242, 95%CI: 1.042-1.480), and after adjusting the effect of daily mean temperature, the lowest daily temperature that was no more than P10 or P7.5 of the lowest daily temperature in the cold season for at least two days, or that was no more than P10 of the lowest daily temperature for at least 3 days resulted a remarkably increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (lowest RR=1.236, 95%CI: 1.009-1.513; highest RR=1.274, 95%CI: 1.023-1.585). However, there was no significant association between heat waves and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion Cold spells may increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, while no significant association is examined between heat waves and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

Objective To analyze the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in Zibo City between 2004 and 2015,and to provide evidence for control and prevention of the diseases.Method Surveillance data of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in Zibo City between 2004 and 2015 from the National Disease Reporting Information System were analyzed via descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 10 natural foci and vector borne infectious diseases and 3 287 cases including 55 death cases were reported in Zibo City from 2004 to 2015.The average annual incidence was 6.24/100 000 and the case fatality rate was 1.67％ (55/3 287).The incidence rate increased in recent years after the lowest rate in 2009 (2.83/100 000),and the rate in 2015 was 8.83/100 000.The top three diseases with higher incidence were hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (3.44/100 000),brucellosis (1.48/100 000) and tsutsugamushi fever (0.53/100 000).The top three high-prevalence areas with higher incidence were Yiyuan County (13.22/100 000),Zichuan District (9.73/100 000) and Boshan District (6.13/100 000).The cases mainly occurred from March to May and September,October,which accounting for 27.47％ (903/3 287) and 24.64％ (810/3 287),respectively of the total.The 40-59 year-oldage group was the highest,accounting for 48.13％ (1 582/3 287)of the total.And 75.48％ (2 481/3 287) of reported cases were farmers.Conclusions The overall incidence of the natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in Zibo City has a annual increasing trend in recent years,while the incidence of brucellosis and tsutsugamushi fever have continued to rise since 2004.These diseases have showed a significant seasonal distribution and population distribution.It is necessary to conduct targeted prevention and control strategies.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different doses of Astragalus membranaceus on the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF) in serum and lung tissues of rats with pulmonary embolism. Methods Seventy-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-9 weeks, weighing 140-170 g, were assigned to control group ( group C, n=11) and experimental group ( group E, n=65) by a random number table method. The rats with pulmonary em-bolism in group E were further divided into 4 subgroups using a random number table method: pulmonary embolism group (group P), low-dose Astragalus membranaceus group (group H1), median-dose Astraga-lus membranaceus group ( group H2 ) and high-dose Astragalus membranaceus group ( group H3 ) . The model of pulmonary embolism was established by injecting autologous blood clots into the right jugular vein. At 1 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days after successful establishment of the model, Astragalus membrana-ceus 20, 40 and 60 g∕kg were injected intraperitoneally in H1-3 groups, respectively, while the equal vol-ume of normal saline was given instead in group P. The chest was opened after anesthesia on day 7, and blood samples were collected from cardiac chambers for determination of concentrations of serum VEGF and bFGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pulmonary specimens were obtained from the upper lobe of right lungs for determination of the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA ( using real-time polymerase chain reaction) . Results Compared with group C, the concentrations of serum VEGF and bFGF were sig-nificantly increased, and the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in the other four groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group P, the serum bFGF concentration was significantly in-creased, and the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in H1-3 groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group H1, the serum bFGF concentration was significantly increased, the ex-pression of VEGF mRNA and bFGF mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in H2 and H3 groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group H2, the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in lung tissues was significant-ly up-regulated in group H3 ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Astragalus membranaceus can up-regulate the ex-pression of VEGF and bFGF in lung tissues in a dose-dependent manner, thus improving pulmonary embol-ism in rats.

Objective: To investigate the impact of temperature changes between neighboring days (TCN) on the mortality risk of respiratory diseases, so as to provide the evidence for the study of deaths from respiratory diseases caused by climate change. Methods: The monitoring data of deaths from respiratory diseases in Zibo City from 2015 to 2019 were collected from Shandong Provincial Management Information System for Chronic Diseases and Cause of Death Surveillance. The meteorological and air pollutant data of the same period were collected from China Meteorological Data Website and ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset. The effect of TCN on the risk of deaths from respiratory diseases was examined using a generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model, and subgroup analyses for gender and age were conducted. The disease burden attributed to TCN at different intervals was assessed by calculating attributable fraction. Results: Totally 11 767 deaths from respiratory diseases were reported in Zibo City from 2015 to 2019, including 6 648 males (56.50%) and 5 119 females (43.50%). There were 1 307 deaths aged <65 years (11.11%), and 10 460 deaths aged 65 years and older (88.89%). A monotonically increasing exposure-response relationship was observed between TCN and deaths from respiratory diseases in the general population, females, and the population aged 65 years and older. The 95th percentile of TCN (P95, 3.84 ℃) reached the peak at a cumulative lagged of day 11 (RR=2.063, 95%CI: 1.261-3.376). The results of subgroup analyses showed greater impacts on females and the population aged 65 years and older, with cumulative lagged effects peaking at day 12 (RR=3.119, 95%CI: 1.476-6.589) and day 11 (RR=2.107, 95%CI: 1.260-3.523). The results of attributional risk analysis showed that next-day warming might increase the attributable risk of deaths from respiratory diseases, and next-day cooling might decrease the attributable risk. Conclusion Next-day warming may increase the mortality risk of respiratory diseases, and has greater impacts on females and the population aged 65 years and older.

Objective To evaluated intra-articular injection of TNF-α inhibitors into the sacroiliac joint as an effective and viable alternative. Methods Sixteen patients with documented ankylosing spondylitis (AS), without steroids or disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were performed CT-guided intra-articular injections of etanercept (TNF-α antagonist) at week 0, 4 and 8 (25 mg per dose). Similarly, 20 patients with AS in the control group received systemic etanercept therapy at a dose of 50 mg per week for 8 weeks. All patients were followed up clinically and evaluated periodically. Pathological features of sacroiliitis were observed with light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Expression of cytokines in joint biopsy samples was estimated by RT-PCR. Image changes of sacroiliitis were observed by SPECT/CT and MRI. Ttest, t'tesr and χ2 Fisher's test were selected. Results All the 16 patients who received intra-articular etanercept, the mean value of radiological nuclide decrease of the SIJ ROI (region of interest) in the SPECT improved significantly after 8 weeks treatment [(1.38±0.16 vs 1.45±0.14) P<0.05] . Bone marrow edema and fat deposition in MRI were relieved significantly after 8 weeks (P<0.05). In 8 patients the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β mRNA in joint tissue decreased significantly after 8 weeks [(0.89±0.06, 0.84±0.05) vs (l.08± 0.19, 1.13±0.33) (P<0.05)]. The occurrence of gynonitis, enthesitis, chondritis, subehondral bony plate destruction, bone marrow inflammation and inflammatory cell index also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Participants given intra-articular injection showed significant clinical improvement after 8 weeks and 12 weeks treatment(P<0.01 ) in BASDAI score [(32±13) mm]. Conclusion This study has shown that intra-articular injection of etanercept in SIJ can improve joint function and quality of life. It has a satisfactory safety profile and is cost effective. This mode of treatment is most beneficial in local arthropathy of recent onset and in those patients who do not tolerate systemic etanercept therapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of apoptosis in radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair and provide the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of radiation-induced lymphocyte damage and repair as well as the prevention and treatment of acute radiation sickness.

METHODSWe studied the dynamic changes of apoptosis of mouse thymus lymphocytes and the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products after 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy of whole body gamma-irradiation using in situ terminal labeling, DNA electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques.

RESULTSAt the early stage after irradiation, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes increased rapidly in accordance with the increasing of radiation doses, while the counts of the thymus and peripheral lymphocytes decreased sharply, showing an opposite change to lymphocyte apoptosis. After 6 Gy gamma-irradiation, typical morphological characteristics of thymus apoptotic lymphocytes in early, middle and late stages were found by transmission electron microscopy. The thymus lymphocytes displayed characteristic DNA ladders 4 hr and 8 hr after 2-6 Gy gamma-irradiation,using DNA gel electrophoresis techniques. Abnormal expression of bcl-2 and bax gene products were shown in irradiated lymphocytes.

CONCLUSIONSApoptosis plays an important role in the process of radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may regulate the process of lymphocyte apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Gamma Rays ; Lymphocytes ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Thymus Gland ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Time Factors ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the advantages and technical limitations of various molecular genetic techniques in the diagnosis of two infants featuring all-round developmental retardation. METHODS: The two patients were initially screened by using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). For patient 1, his parents were also subjected to CMA analysis, and the data was analyzed by using ChAS and UPD-tool software. For patient 2, methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was carried out. RESULTS: Patient 1 was diagnosed with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) type Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) by CMA and UPD-tool family analysis. His chromosomes 15 were of maternal UPD with homology/heterology. Patient 2 was diagnosed with deletion type PWS by combined CMA and MS-PCR. CONCLUSION Correct selection of laboratory methods based on the advantages and limitations of various molecular techniques can help with diagnosis of genomic imprinting disorders and enable better treatment and prognosis through early intervention.

Objective To analyze the basic characteristics and variation trend of death causes of permanent residents in Enshi City during 2013-2018, to assess the burden of different diseases, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The death monitoring data of permanent residents in Enshi City, Hubei Province from 2013 to 2018 was collected. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, life expectancy, potential years of life loss (PYLL), standard potential years of life loss (SPYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), and annual percentage change (APC) were calculated to describe the distribution and trend of death causes. Results The average annual crude death rate and standardized death rate of residents in Enshi City from 2013 to 2018 were 679.43 per 100 000 and 615.02 per 100 000, respectively. The top 5 causes of death were circulatory system diseases, respiratory system diseases, malignant tumors, injuries, and digestive system diseases, accounting for 91.2% of the total deaths. Analysis of life expectancy found that the average life expectancy of local residents from 2013 to 2018 was 78.02 years, and the value in the male group (75.57 years) was lower than that in the female group (80.78 years). Life loss analysis revealed that PYLL caused by various diseases was 171 620 person-years, SPYLL was 171 284.62 person-years, and AYLL was 15.03 years/person in Enshi City from 2013 to 2018. Among all the death causes, the top five in terms of life loss were injuries, malignant tumors, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases and digestive diseases. Conclusion From 2013 to 2018, the death rate of residents in Enshi City was relatively higher compared with those in other cities in China, the average annual crude death rate was on the rise, and the average annual standardized death rate was on the decline, indicating a highly ageing region. Chronic diseases such as circulatory system diseases, malignant tumors, and respiratory diseases, as well as injuries were the main death causes and caused a heavy burden of diseases, which should be the focus of future prevention and control work. Considering the higher levels of death and life loss indicators of male residents than those of women, targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to narrow the gap between men and women and improve the overall life quality of the whole population.