Objective To explore the effect of sustained performance on EEG approximate entropy (ApEn).Methods Fifty participants were divided into two groups according to whether they had undergone sustained performance .One day af-ter the sustained-performance group finished executing their task , the resting EEG of nine electrodes ( F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz and P4) was acquired in two grups separately , and the ApEn of each electrode was calculated as well . Results The ApEn of F3 and Fz showed an evident decrease as well as randomness of spontaneous brain electrode activity in frontal lobes , especially in the left one .Conclusion The drop of ApEn and the asymmetry of frontal lobes might reflect participants′state of fatigue during sustained performance .

Objective To evaluate the effects of repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on long-term cognitive function in lactating rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy Spragne-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing 14-17 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each):control group (group C),2.6 ％ sevoflurane group (group S1),and 1.5％ sevoflurane group (group S2).At 7,14 and 21 days after birth,2.6％ and 1.5％ sevoflurane and carrier gas were inhaled for 1 h in groups S1,S2 and C,respectively.Visible plafform trial was carried out on 28 and 29 days after birth,and the swimming speed of the rats was recorded.Place navigation test was performed on 32-36 days after birth,and the escape latency was recorded.Spatial probe test was carried out on 36 days after birth,and the time spent in the platform quadrant,swimming distance and the number of times crossing the platform quadrant was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged in groups S1 and S2 (P ＜ 0.05).The escape latency was significantly longer in group S1 than in group S2 (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the three groups in the swimming speed,time spent in the platform zone,swimming distance and the number of times crossing the platform quadrant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Repeated inhalation of sevoflurane during lactation can impair the long-term declarative memory,which is concentration-related,while it has no effects on the associative learning in rats.

Objective:To observe the clinical curative effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treat-ment of patients with ocular herpes zoster. Methods:Seventy patients with ocular herpes zoster in our hospital were selected during De-cember 2011 to December 2013. According to random number table,the patients were divided into two groups. The patients in the con-trol group were treated with ganciclovir 5. 0 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 , ivd, qd and ganciclovir ophthalmic gel, qid. The patients in the observa-tion group were treated with Banlangen granules and acupuncture additionally. The clinical efficacy, the time of blistering, pain and crusting and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared. Results:After the treatment, the effective rate of the ob-servation group was 94. 29% , while that of the control group was 77. 14% (P<0. 05). The time of blistering, pain and crusting in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions of the ob-servation group was 2. 86%, while that of the control group was 11. 43%(P>0. 05). Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of ocular herpes zoster is obviously better than that of western medicine treat-ment alone with fewer adverse reactions and shorter time of blistering, pain and crusting.

Objective To investigate the influence of synergistic effect of estradiol and testosterone on the level of lipids and coagulation function in mice with hyperlipidemia .Methods We established a maouse model in hyperlipidmia , giving estradiol (1 μg/d), testosterone (7 μg/d) or estradiol combined testosterone (1 μg/d E2 +7Tμg/d), respectively.After 14 weeks, we collected the blood from the mice , separated the serum to detect the lipids level , separated the plasma to test the coagulation function .Result Compared with controls , after high-fat diet , the serum level of total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride ( TG) , high density lipoprotein ( HDL) were significantly increased , PT and APTT were shorter ( P<0.05 ).However, after treating with estradiol combined testosterone , compared with cases, the serum level of C, TG and HDL were lower and PT , APTT were longer ( P <0.05 ), had no significance with controls . Conclusion The synergistic effect of estradiol and testosterone can mediate the lipids , reduce the level of LDL , regulate the coagulation function , reduce the risk of coronary heart disease , and also provide a new strategy for hormone therapy in coronary heart disease .

Objective:To understand the related factors of tic disorders(TD) and early intervention among schoolchildren.Methods:Using stratified-cluster random sampling techniques,4,020 children were selected from 61,836 schoolchildren in Daxing district of Beijing.Totally 4,020 children and their parents were asked to fill in a self-designed questionnaire covering both motor and vocal tics and general information.A three-stage procedure was used:screening,interview and clinical investigation.A total of 3,813 children were investigated successfully.The children who were reported with tic symptoms as well as those who were reported by their teachers or classmates were surveyed according to the TD criteria in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ).Eighty-six TD children were investigated respectively about the related factors of TD,and 86 healthy children matched in age,sex and grade were selected as controls.Telephone interview was carried out to find the doubtful TD cases in family members.Those people identified as having tics underwent a semistructured interview to determine whether they had TD according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Related risk factors of TD were investigated according to self-designed formulary medical history sheet. Results:Positive TD inheritance family history(7.0%),abdominal delivery style(36.0%),carbonate drink(10.5%),obesity(14.0%) and psychological stress were risk factors of TD(P<0.05).The multivariate analysis of variance indicated that inheritance family history,delivery style,dwelling environment,carbonate drink,parent-child relation,hobby,underachieve,self-care ability were closely related to the high incidence of TD (P<0.05).Conclusion:The occurrence of tic disorders may be related to multiple interacted factors.Early intervention is most important.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on the expression of hippocampal apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mRNA of rats.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-400 g,aged 15 weeks,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:50％ oxygen group (group C) and 3.2％ sevoflurane group (group S).The rats in group C inhaled 50％ oxygen for 2 h,while those in group S inhaled 3.2％ sevoflurane in 50％ oxygen for 2 h.Morris water maze test was carried out before anesthesia and at 24 and 72 h after anesthesia.At 2,24 and 72 h after anesthesia,hippocampal specimens were obtained for determination of the expression of ApoE mRNA by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the escape latency,time of staying at the original platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform,and swimming distance before and after anesthesia,and the expression of ApoE mRNA was up-regulated after anesthesia in group S.There was no significant difference in the escape latency,time of staying at the original platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform,and swimming distance before and after anesthesia,and expression of ApoE mRNA at each time point after anesthesia between the two groups.Conclusion Cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane has no relationship with the up-regulated expression of ApoE mRNA in the hippocampus of rats.

Objective To observe the change of capillary pericapillary cells in rats with myocardial infarction and the influence of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs, and explore its mechanism of improving myocardial perfusion. Methods The rat model was established by ligaturing the left anterior descending coronary artery. On the base of ECG evaluation, successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, group treated with supplementing qi and activating blood circulation Chinese medicine (activating blood and supplementing qi group), group treated with Perindopril (Perindopril group), group treated with Tongxinluo Capsules (Tongxinluo group). The sham-operation group was taken as the control. There were totally 5 groups. The model group and the sham-operation group were treated with normal saline. The changes of myocardial capillary density (MCD) and number of pericapillary cells on the 7th, 28th day after medicinal administration were observed. Results On the 7th and 28th day, the MCD decreased significantly and the number of capillary pericapillary cells increased significantly in the model group compared with the sham-operation group (P<0.01). The MCD increased significantly in the activating blood and supplementing qi group, Perindopril group and Tongxinluo group compared with the model group (P<0.01). The number of pericapillary cells decreased significantly in the activating blood and supplementing qi group, Perindopril group and Tongxinluo group compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion The supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs can improve regional myocardial blood supply by decreasing the number of pericytes and promoting regeneration of capillary.

Objective:ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is an integral membrane protein that plays a key role in cellular lipid metabolism,preventing the accumulation of lipids that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules are a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating atherosclerosis.This study was de-signed to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism by which Tiaozhi Tongmai Gran-ules protect against atherosclerosis.Methods:Forty-nine male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups:normal control group,normal diet;model groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet for 6 or 12 weeks;statin groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus atorvastatin for 6 or 12 weeks;and Chinese herb groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules for 6 or12 weeks.The granules were administered at a dose of 1.14 g/kg/d,with atorvastatin(1.14 mg/kg/d) serving as positive control.Serum lipid profiles and liver function indices were measured.Atherogenesis was viewed after H&rE staining and quantified by thickened intimal area percentage and maximal intimal thickness percentage.The ABCA1 protein expression in athero-sclerotic plaque macrophages of the common carotid arteries (CCA),thoracic aortae (TA),and liver tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated using mean optical density (OD) value in macrophages and ABCA1-positive hepatocyte number.Results:Compared with model group 1 at week 6,Chinese herb group 1 and statin group 1 dis-played significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) (P =0.027,0.012) and low-density lipopro-tein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P =0.039,0.028) levels,as well as marked increases in ABCA1-positive hepatocyte numbers (Pall ＜0.001),and only statin group 1 displayed a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage in the CCA (P =0.018).Compared with model group 2 at week 12,Chinese herb group 2 and statin group 2 all presented significant reductions in TC (P =0.011,0.003),LDL-C (P =0.017,0.010) and thickened intimal area percentage in the CCA (P =0.001,0.022),as well as prominent increases in the ABCA1OD value of both the CCA (P =0.001,0.039) and TA (P =0.001,0.025) and positive hepatocyte number (P all ＜0.001).Chinese herb group 2 had a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage compared with model group 2 (P =0.006) and a higher positive hepatocytes number than statin group 2 (P =0.001).Conclusions:Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules appear to have an anti-atherogenic effect that is most likely mediated by simultaneously upregulating the protein expression of ABCA1 in rabbit athero-sclerotic plaque macrophages and in the liver.

The stability of hemocompatibility of Ti6Al4V alloy and DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has been studied. The platelet consumption ratio of Ti6Al4V alloy to DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has been measured respectively by digital image analysis method. It has been found that the platelet consumption ratio of Ti6Al4V alloy increased remarkedly about 50% after 2,000 m sliding tribological test under the lubrication of Hank's solution, while that of DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material almost didn't increase under the same condition, which means that the DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has better stability of hemocompatibility.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Membranes, Artificial ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; drug effects ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

Objective To observe the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the differentiation and proliferation of Helper T cells 17 (TH 17),so as to reveal its role and the possible mechanism in inducing immunological suppression.Methods Sixteen Balb/c mice of SPF level aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups:MMF group and control group,with 8 mice in each group.In MMF group,the mice received intragastric administration of MMF (40 mg·kg-1· day-1 ),and those in control group received intragastric administration of identical volumetric saline every day.After three weeks,peripheral blood was collected and spleen cells were prepared.Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of CD4+ TH 17 and CD4+ CD25+ Tregs,then the ratio of TH 17/Tregs was calculated,and the concentrations of interleukin-1 7 (IL-1 7) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) in serum were measured by ELISA.Results The proportion of CD4+ TH 17 in the peripheral blood and spleen was (1.95 ± 0.08) and (2.42 ± 0.06) in MMF group,and (3.19 ± 0.07)％ and (4.21 ± 0.25)％ in control group,respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups (P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,the ratio of TH 17/Tregs in MMF group,both in the peripheral blood and spleen,was significantly decreased as compared with the control group (P＜0.05).The concentration of IL-17 in MMF group was lower,but that of IL-23 in MMF group was higher than in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MMF could obviously suppress the differentiation and proliferation of CD4+ TH 17 in vivo,reduce the ratio of TH17/Tregs and the IL-17 secretion,thus facilitate the induction of immune tolerance.