[Summary] The development of pituitary is a complex process involving the interactions of multiple genes.In recent years,the mutations ofHESX1,LHX3,LHX4,PITX1,PITX2,SOX,PROP1,and PIT1 have been confirmed in congenital pituitary diseases.This review summarizes the advances in the roles of these genes in pituitary development.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 88 patients with COPD were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 44 patients in each group. The treatment group was treated with conventional western medical therapy plus traditional Chinese medical therapy, and the control group was treated with conventional western medical therapy exclusively. The clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated after 14 days of therapy. Results Symptoms of cough, phlegm, and asthma were improved in both groups. The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group was 93.2% and 75.0% respectively. There was remarkable difference between the two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion It is safe and effective for treating COPD with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Objective To write the school-based teaching material of pathology,and apply it to the students in higher vocational colleges to evaluate the application effect.Methods Two classes of clinical medical students of Grade 201 1were divided into two groups:the experimental group(Class1,58 students) and the control group(Class2,60 students).Both of the two groups take the integration of theory and practice teaching method.The traditional teaching material was applied in the control group while the school-based teaching materials were adopted in the experimental group.Statistical analysis software SPSS 13.0 and two samples t test were used to compare the preparing effect before the class,case study effect and the final examination of the two groups.After the end of the course,students' teaching satisfaction questionnaire was conducted,and the results of the survey for the rank sum test were analyzed.Results The scores of preparing effect before class were higher in experimental group(84.4 ±6.2) than those in the control group(78.2 ±5.8),t=5.61,P=0.001; the case study effect in experimental group(78.6 ± 6.6) was higher than that of the control group(72.8 ± 5.3),t=5.27,P=0.002; there was no significant differences in the final examination between the two class [experimental group (83.5 ± 6.8),control group (81.6 ± 6.9)],t=1.51,P=0.183.The questionnaire shows,in the aspect of the difficulty of teaching material,the degree of satisfaction in the experimental group(satisfied:28,general:30,unsatisfied:0) was higher than the control group(satisfied:18,general:37,unsatisfied:5),Z=-2.43,P=0.015; in the aspect of reading interest,the degree of satisfaction in the experimental group(satisfied:32,general:25,unsatisfied:1) was higher than the control group(satisfied:22,general:35,unsatisfied:3),Z=-2.09,P=0.036; in the aspect of emphasizing on the key point,the degree of satisfaction in the experimental group(satisfied:20,general:38,unsatisfied:0) was higher than the control group(satisfied:12,general:39,unsatisfied:9),Z=-2.72,P=0.007; in the aspect of self-study effect,the degree of satisfaction in the experimental group(satisfied:20,general:38,unsatisfied:0) was higher than the control group(satisfied:16,general:39,unsatisfied:5),Z=-3.13,P=0.002; but there was no significant differences in classroomlearning effect(experimental group:satisfied,38,general,20,unsatisfied,0; control group:satisfied,36,general,23,unsatisfied,1),Z=-0.68,P=0.497.Conclusions The school-based teaching material can contribute to the students' self-learning,enhancing the students' interest of learning and knowledge-application ability.

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has good results in treating asthma at remission stage,treating childhood bronchial asthma,and daily nursing.The western medicine usually takes the therapeutic methods of inhaling aerosol drugs,using anti-inflammatory drugs and undertaking interventional therapy,which have good results in relieve symptoms rapidly,dealing with emergent and severe onset of bronchial asthma and treating complications.The integration of these two medicines can cooperate with each other and exert good therapeufc effects.

Objective To optimize the culture medium for scarless wound healing in outbred fetal Kunming (KM) mice,and to locate and preliminarily analyze the region with active cell proliferation.Methods After 6 pregnant mice were sacrificed at the gestational age of 15 days,a total of 180 skin grafts were obtained from the back of 60 fetal mice,and wounds on the skin grafts were made uniformly with minimally invasive sterile device.Then,these skin grafts with wounds were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups to be treated with high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM),DMEM + 5％ fetal bovine serum (FBS),DMEM + 10％ FBS,low-glucose Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM),MEM + 5％ FBS,and MEM + 10％ FBS for 3 days,respectively.Then,these skin grafts were embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound,and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to select the optimal culture condition for wound healing.Under the optimal culture condition,the region with active cell proliferation was located by labeling and tracking cutaneous stem cells with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU),and activator protein-1 (AP-1) expression was detected by immunofluorescent staining.Results After 3-day cultivation,wound healing rates significantly differed among the DMEM group,DMEM + 5％ FBS group,DMEM + 10％ FBS group,MEM group,MEM + 5％ FBS group and MEM + 10％ FBS group (0,3.33％,6.67％,3.33％,46.67％ and 26.67％,respectively,x2 =41.39,P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,the MEM + 5％ FBS group showed a significantly higher wound healing rate than the other groups except the MEM + 10％ FBS group (all P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of basal medium (MEM:OR =11.717,95％ CI:3.274-41.934,P ＜ 0.001) and FBS concentrations (5％ FBS:OR =24.625,95％ CI:3.027-200.299,P =0.003;10％ FBS:OR =13.449,95％ CI:1.618-111.813,P =0.016) were factors influencing fetal wound healing.Under the culture condition of 5％ FBS + MEM,the dermis and epidermis healed well without epidermal thickening.The cutaneous stem cell labeling technique showed that the papillary dermis and basal layer of the epidermis were the two major regions with active cell proliferation in the wound of fetal mouse skin.Moreover,AP-1 was expressed abundantly in these two regions as well.Conclusions The culture condition of 5％ FBS + MEM is considered to be optimal for in vitro wound healing in fetal mice.The papillary dermis and basal layer of the epidermis are two major regions with active cell proliferation during wound healing in fetal mouse skin,and play important roles in wound healing process.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, the internal fixation materials for the clinical treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures are broadly divided into two categories:intramedul ary fixation system and
extramedul ary fixation system. However, the effects of the treatments usual y lack of macro evaluation.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system in the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS:217 patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture (Evans typing: Ⅲ type to Ⅴ type and R type) were treated by using intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system:18
cases were treated with dynamic condylar screw, 67 cases were treated with dynamic hip screw, 43 cases were treated with reconstruction nail, 72 cases were treated with proximal femoral anti-rotation blade nail, and 17 cases were treated with new generation of antegrade interlocking intramedul ary nail. The operative time, length of
incision, blood loss, time in bed, fracture healing time, complications and Harris hip score were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the aspects of operative time, blood loss, time in bed, complications and
Harris hip score, the intramedul ary fixation system was superior to extramedul ary internal fixation system. But there were significant differences in the aspects of length of incision and fracture healing time between two
methods. The results showed that the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures by using
intramedul ary fixation system was better than the extramedul ary internal fixation system, as the intramedul ary fixation system could effectively shorten the operative time and reduce blood loss. This stable and reliable fixation enables patients to take early postoperative functional exercise, and could significantly shorten the time in bed and reduce the incidence of complications and it is conducive to postoperative hip function recovery.
Therefore, intramedul ary fixation system is an ideal method for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

Objective To explore the expression of miR-146a and its effect on the biological characteristics in gastric carcinoma. Methods The expressions of miR-146a in gastric cancer tissue and carcinoma adjacent tissue were detected by RT-qPCR , and human gastric cancer cell line MKN-28, SGC-7901, MKN-45 and immortalized gastric epithelial cell GES-1 were cultured,GES-1 as a reference, the expressions of miR-146a in each cell line was detected by RT-qPCR; miR-146a mimics and miR-146a control were transfected into gastric cancer cell line MKN-45, and the expression of miR-146a was detected by RT-qPCR;CCK8 was used to detect the effect of miR-146a on the proliferation of cells;flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of miR-146a on cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins. Results The expression of miR-146a in gastric cancer tissue was significantly lower than carcinoma adjacent tissue(P<0.01); expression of miR-146a in gastric cancer cell MKN-45 was the lowest campared to GES-1, so the gastric cancer cell MKN-45 was selected as a follow-up study. The expression of miR-146a in miR-146a mimics group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.01); CCK8results showed that the proliferation rateof miR-146a mimics group was significantly lower thanmiR-146a control on 24 hour (P<0.05),and was significantly lower than miR-146a control on 48 hour and 72 hour (P<0.01).The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate in miR-146a mimics group was significantly higher than miR-146a control;Western blot showed that the expressions of Cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax protein in miR-146a mimics group was significantly lower than those in miR-146a control, and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher than miR-146a control (P< 0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-146a in gastric carcinoma was lower than carcinoma adjacent tissue, and the miR-146a could inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis after transfected.

[Adstract] Micro-lecture, as the main teaching form of MOOC and SPOC network teaching platform, is deeply welcomed by the majority of students. Pathology is the bridge connecting basic medicine and clin-ical medicine in medical education, which has such characteristics as many knowledge points, dispersion and obscurity, etc. Therefore, the production of micro courses is based on the knowledge points, and according to the characteristics of the knowledge points, it should also be applied reasonably according to the charac-teristics of each chapter. Adopting the teaching of self-study after class and teachers and students' discussion in class for micro courses can not only greatly improve the quality of teaching, but also develop the students' ability of independent thinking and the ability to analyze and solve problems, which transforms the teaching of pathology from pure knowledge to ability.

The up-to-date quantitative structure-antitumor activity relationship studies of taxol analogues based on molecular modeling techniques were reviewed in the present paper. Both the common understandings and the debates about the contributions of several key structural groups, including the C13 side chain, the substituents of C14, C2 and C10 as well as the oxtane ring to the biological activities of taxol derivatives were summerized. In addition, the studies about other factors influencing the activity except for the structure and the classification research of the molecules were also discussed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacokinetic effects of baicalin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after iv administration in rats.MethodsThe cerebral I/R rats were induced by occluding the bilateral carotid arteries of normal rats for 2 h,followed by reperfusion.The resultant animals were immediately iv administrated with baicalin (90 mg/kg),whilst the same dose of baicalin was injected to the normal rats.Plasma samples were collected at different time to construct pharmacokinetic profiles by plotting drug concentration vs time.Quantification of baicalin in rat plasma was achieved using a simple and rapid HPLC method.ResultsIn normal rats,the major parameters of distribution half-life,elimination half-life,area under the plasma concentration-time (AUC),apparent volume of distribution (Vd),and clearance (CL),estimated by an open two-compartmental model,were 0.8868 min,26.0968 min,149.6204 mg/min·L,4.765 L/kg,and 0.5776 L/kg·min),respectively.However,in I/R rats,the corresponding parameters were 2.084 min,34.4998 min,260.0188 μg.min/L,5.9376 L/kg,and 0.334 L/(kg·min),respectively.ConclusionThe cerebral I/R could significantly increase AUC and Vd values,decrease CL values,and prolong the terminal half-life of baicalin.These findings suggest that the injuries of I/R could play an important role in pharmacokinetic process ofbaicalin.