Objective To explore the anatomic characteristics of the bronchi,arteries,and veins of pulmonary segments on the coronal section.Methods Using serial coronal sections of thorax of 20 adult cadavers,multislice spiral CT images of 4 healthy volunteers,the segmental and subsegmental bronchi,arteries,and veins were traced and observed.Results There are 6 key sections for recognition of the segmental and subsegmental bronchovascular structures of the lungs on the coronal section:1.On the section through ascending aorta,the apical,lateral,apicoposterior,anterior,and superior lingular segmental veins appeared.2.On the section through pulmonary bifurcation,the left and right superior pulmonary veins can be seen under the pulmonary bifurcation.It appears on the coronal sections of 11 cadavers(55%) that apicoposterior segmental vein,anterior segmental vein,and lingular venous trunk drained into left superior pulmonary vein simultaneously.3.On the section through bifurcation of trachea,left and right superior lobar bronchi and their branches are demonstrated clearly.Under the bifurcation of trachea,it can be seen that left and right inferior pulmonary veins empty them into left atrium.4.On the section through intermediate bronchus,the origins of segmental bronchi,arteries,and veins of inferior lobes of bilateral lungs can be found.5.On the section through thoracic aorta,superior segmental and lateroposterior basal segmental bronchovasclature appeared mainly.6.On the section through spinal column,the inferior lobes of bilateral lungs shows the bronchi,arteries,and veins of superior,lateral basal,and posterior basal segments mainly.Conclusions The pulmonary segmental arteries and veins can be recognized exactly by tracing bronchi carefully on the coronal section.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of endogenous non coding singlestranded RNAs,which can function as a tumor promoter or suppressor in the development and progression of human malignant tumors.Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC.Numerous studies have found that the expression of miR-34a in various tumors is reduced and it participates in the carcinogenesis.Currently,the role of miR-34a in the tumorigenesis and development of HCC has attracted widespread attentions.Studies have confirmed that miR-34a can regulate the expression of its target genes and thus affect some key biological processes such as cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of HCC.In this paper,we mainly reviewed the recent research progress on the role of miR34a in HCC.

Objective To localize precisely cerebral central sulcus on the coronal MR imaging. Methods The serieses of 4 mm thickness coronal sections and coronal MR images of brain were prepared on 30 cadaver heads. The preparation of the brain slices in correspondence with MR scan took the line perpendicular to the midpoint of intercommissural line as base one. The important cerebral gyri of cadaver were painted different colors. The coronal MR images of 6 volunteers were also prepared. The localization of central sulcus on the coronal sections was studied by the comparison of MR images with serial coronal sections of the brains. Results On the section of the central sulcus appearing for the first time, the appearing rate of dorsal thalamus was: left side 93%, right side 97%; the appearing rate of pyramidal tract was: left side 20%, right side 13%. The central sulcus almost disappeared on the section through the posterior border of splenium of corpus callosum, the appearing rate of the central sulcus on the superolateral surface was 33% on the both sides. Conclusion The central sulcus appears for the first time on the 1-2 sections which the dorsal thalamus appears on but the pyramidal tract doesn′t appear. On the section through pyramidal tract, the superior frontal, precentral and postcentral gyri can be identified according to the three medullary branches on superolateral surface of cerebral hemispheres. The central sulcus has almost disappeared on the section through the posterior border of splenium of corpus callosum.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect for local sensory to preserve great auricular nerve in the parotidectomy. METHOD: It was a prospective study. Eighy-one patients who underwent parotidectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups, preserving the great auricular nerve group and no preserving the great auricular nerve group. They were tested with the subjective and objective sensory function testing in 3, 6, 9, 12 months after operation. We assessed the result. RESULT: In the subjective sensory function testing, the result of the preserving the great auricular nerve group was better than no preserving the great auricular nerve group. In the objective sensory function testing, the result of the preserving the great auricular nerve group was obviously better than no preserving the great auricular nerve group. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It was effective for recovering the sensory function that we preserved the great auricular nerve in the parotidectomy.
Ear, External ; innervation ; Humans ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; Otolaryngology ; methods ; Parotid Gland ; innervation ; surgery ; Parotid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Sensation Disorders ; prevention & control

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of bone transport technique versus induced membrane technique for treatment of infected bone nonunion.Methods A retrospective study was made on 46 cases of infected bone nonunion admitted from April 2011 to December 2014.They were 33 males and 13 females,aged from 12 to 68 years (mean,45.3 years),involving 40 tibial and 6 femoral fractures.Bone transport technique was used in 37 cases while 9 cases were treated with induced membrane technique.Fracture union and complications were recorded.The function of the affected limb was evaluated at the final follow-up using Johner-Wruhs criteria.Results The 46 cases were followed up for 9 to 18 months (mean,14 months).In the bone transport group,bone union was achieved after a mean duration of 6.5 months (range,from 4 to 11 months) without complications like wound infection or neurovascular lesions.In the induced membrane group,bone union was achieved after a mean duration of 5.8 months (range,from 4 to 11 months) and there was one case of re-infection.According to the Johner-Wruhs score system,34 cases were rated as excellent,9 as good and 3 as fair,with a total excellent and good rate of 93.5％.Bone transport technique led to 28 excellent,4 good and one fair cases in the patients with tibial nonunion,and one excellent,2 good and one fair cases in the patients with femoral nonunion.Induced membrane technique led to 3 excellent,3 good and one fair cases in the patients with tibial nonunion,and 2 excellent cases in the patients with femoral nonunion.Conclusions Both bone transport technique and induced membrane technique are effective for infected bone nonunion.Bone transport technique may be preferred for tibial infected nonunion while induced membrane technique preferred for femoral infected nonunion.

Objective To observe the major adverse reaction of irinotecan in combination with fluorouracil for advanced colorectal cancer,and sum up the nursing experience of acetylcholine syndrome and acute delayed diarrhea.Methods Pathologically confirmed 45 cases of patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with modified FOLFIRI regimen for total of 190 cycles.Results Acetylcholine syndrome rate was 28.9%,the incidence of acute delayed diarrhea was 40.0% ,more than 3 grade diarrhea was 6.7%.Conclusion The incidence of acute delayed diarrhea in Chinese patients is lower than in caucasians,and reasonable care measures can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions,irinotecan in combination with fluorouracil is a safe and effective regimen for Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND:As an oral anticoagulant drug, many experiments have proved that rivaroxaban can prevent the deep venous thromboembolism after the hip arthroplasty. The foreign literatures indicate that it can significantly reduce the incidence of deep venous thromboembolism after extending the treatment course to 35 days. But there is no significant conclusion at home, and the safety of drugs after extentding the course has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after the hip arthroplasty. METHODS:106 patients with primary unilateral hip arthroplasty in the Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University between March 2011 and September 2012 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into rivaroxaban group and low-molecular-weight heparin group. The patients in two groups were given drugs at 6 hours after replacement, the patients in the rivaroxaban group were given rivaroxaban 10 mg/d with the course of 5 weeks;the patients in the low-molecular-weight heparin group were given low-molecular-weight heparin 4 100 U/d with the course of 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The review and fol ow-up results showed there was no deep vein thrombosis or symptoms of deep vein thrombosis in patients of the rivaroxaban group after replacement, while seven cases (13%) of deep vein thrombosis were observed in the low-molecular-weight heparin group, and there was significant difference in the incidence rate of deep vein thrombosis between two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in venous blood hemoglobin level, platelet level and coagulation function before and after replacement, as wel as the drainage volume and subcutaneous ecchymosis area after replacement of the patients received unilateral hip arthroplasty between two groups (P>0.05). The results indicate that ful course of rivaroxaban has clear effect and reliable security in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, the internal fixation materials for the clinical treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures are broadly divided into two categories:intramedul ary fixation system and
extramedul ary fixation system. However, the effects of the treatments usual y lack of macro evaluation.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system in the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS:217 patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture (Evans typing: Ⅲ type to Ⅴ type and R type) were treated by using intramedul ary fixation system and extramedul ary internal fixation system:18
cases were treated with dynamic condylar screw, 67 cases were treated with dynamic hip screw, 43 cases were treated with reconstruction nail, 72 cases were treated with proximal femoral anti-rotation blade nail, and 17 cases were treated with new generation of antegrade interlocking intramedul ary nail. The operative time, length of
incision, blood loss, time in bed, fracture healing time, complications and Harris hip score were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the aspects of operative time, blood loss, time in bed, complications and
Harris hip score, the intramedul ary fixation system was superior to extramedul ary internal fixation system. But there were significant differences in the aspects of length of incision and fracture healing time between two
methods. The results showed that the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures by using
intramedul ary fixation system was better than the extramedul ary internal fixation system, as the intramedul ary fixation system could effectively shorten the operative time and reduce blood loss. This stable and reliable fixation enables patients to take early postoperative functional exercise, and could significantly shorten the time in bed and reduce the incidence of complications and it is conducive to postoperative hip function recovery.
Therefore, intramedul ary fixation system is an ideal method for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

OBJECTIVE Study the role of mycoplasma infection and expression of Ki67 protein in the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry method was used to study 145 specimens of laryngeal carcinoma tissues, 25 specimens of precarcinoma tissues, 31 specimens of vocal cord polyps and 15 specimens of normal tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinoma. RESULTS ①The positive rates of PD4 and Ki67 were 45.52%(66/145) and 82.76 % (120/145) in laryngeal carcinoma tissue, 16.00 % (4/25) and 32.00 % (8/25) in precarcinoma tissue, 12.90 % (4/31) and 22.58 % (7/31) in vocal cords polyps, 6.67 % (1/15) and 0 (0/15) in normal tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinoma. ②The positive rates of PD4 and Ki67 were higher in the advanced laryngeal carcinoma cases than that in the early laryngeal carcinoma cases. The positive rates of PD4 and Ki67 were higher in laryngeal carcinoma cases with cervical metastasis than that laryngeal carcinoma cases without cervical metastasis(P

Objective To optimize the conditions of extraction process of polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis; To preliminary determinate the antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods The content of polysaccharides from Toona sinensis was chosen as evaluation index; the extraction time, material liquid ratio, and extraction times were chosen as factors; L9(34) orthogonal design was used to optimize extraction process; antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Toona sinensis was investigated by the total reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results From the statistical data of processing, the optimal extracting conditions were as follows:liquid to material was 1:12, extraction time was 120 min, and extracted for 3 times. Polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis had certain reducing capacity and had better scavenging ability on DPPH? and the scavenging rate significantly increased with the concentration. The effect was simulated by curve equation. Conclusion The process is simple, feasible, stable and reliable and can be used for the small-scale study on extraction of polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis. Polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis have antioxidant activity.