Objective To explore the anatomic characteristics of the bronchi,arteries,and veins of pulmonary segments on the coronal section.Methods Using serial coronal sections of thorax of 20 adult cadavers,multislice spiral CT images of 4 healthy volunteers,the segmental and subsegmental bronchi,arteries,and veins were traced and observed.Results There are 6 key sections for recognition of the segmental and subsegmental bronchovascular structures of the lungs on the coronal section:1.On the section through ascending aorta,the apical,lateral,apicoposterior,anterior,and superior lingular segmental veins appeared.2.On the section through pulmonary bifurcation,the left and right superior pulmonary veins can be seen under the pulmonary bifurcation.It appears on the coronal sections of 11 cadavers(55%) that apicoposterior segmental vein,anterior segmental vein,and lingular venous trunk drained into left superior pulmonary vein simultaneously.3.On the section through bifurcation of trachea,left and right superior lobar bronchi and their branches are demonstrated clearly.Under the bifurcation of trachea,it can be seen that left and right inferior pulmonary veins empty them into left atrium.4.On the section through intermediate bronchus,the origins of segmental bronchi,arteries,and veins of inferior lobes of bilateral lungs can be found.5.On the section through thoracic aorta,superior segmental and lateroposterior basal segmental bronchovasclature appeared mainly.6.On the section through spinal column,the inferior lobes of bilateral lungs shows the bronchi,arteries,and veins of superior,lateral basal,and posterior basal segments mainly.Conclusions The pulmonary segmental arteries and veins can be recognized exactly by tracing bronchi carefully on the coronal section.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of endogenous non coding singlestranded RNAs,which can function as a tumor promoter or suppressor in the development and progression of human malignant tumors.Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC.Numerous studies have found that the expression of miR-34a in various tumors is reduced and it participates in the carcinogenesis.Currently,the role of miR-34a in the tumorigenesis and development of HCC has attracted widespread attentions.Studies have confirmed that miR-34a can regulate the expression of its target genes and thus affect some key biological processes such as cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of HCC.In this paper,we mainly reviewed the recent research progress on the role of miR34a in HCC.

Objective To localize precisely cerebral central sulcus on the coronal MR imaging. Methods The serieses of 4 mm thickness coronal sections and coronal MR images of brain were prepared on 30 cadaver heads. The preparation of the brain slices in correspondence with MR scan took the line perpendicular to the midpoint of intercommissural line as base one. The important cerebral gyri of cadaver were painted different colors. The coronal MR images of 6 volunteers were also prepared. The localization of central sulcus on the coronal sections was studied by the comparison of MR images with serial coronal sections of the brains. Results On the section of the central sulcus appearing for the first time, the appearing rate of dorsal thalamus was: left side 93%, right side 97%; the appearing rate of pyramidal tract was: left side 20%, right side 13%. The central sulcus almost disappeared on the section through the posterior border of splenium of corpus callosum, the appearing rate of the central sulcus on the superolateral surface was 33% on the both sides. Conclusion The central sulcus appears for the first time on the 1-2 sections which the dorsal thalamus appears on but the pyramidal tract doesn′t appear. On the section through pyramidal tract, the superior frontal, precentral and postcentral gyri can be identified according to the three medullary branches on superolateral surface of cerebral hemispheres. The central sulcus has almost disappeared on the section through the posterior border of splenium of corpus callosum.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect for local sensory to preserve great auricular nerve in the parotidectomy. METHOD: It was a prospective study. Eighy-one patients who underwent parotidectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups, preserving the great auricular nerve group and no preserving the great auricular nerve group. They were tested with the subjective and objective sensory function testing in 3, 6, 9, 12 months after operation. We assessed the result. RESULT: In the subjective sensory function testing, the result of the preserving the great auricular nerve group was better than no preserving the great auricular nerve group. In the objective sensory function testing, the result of the preserving the great auricular nerve group was obviously better than no preserving the great auricular nerve group. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It was effective for recovering the sensory function that we preserved the great auricular nerve in the parotidectomy.
Ear, External ; innervation ; Humans ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; Otolaryngology ; methods ; Parotid Gland ; innervation ; surgery ; Parotid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Sensation Disorders ; prevention & control

Objective To optimize the conditions of extraction process of polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis; To preliminary determinate the antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods The content of polysaccharides from Toona sinensis was chosen as evaluation index; the extraction time, material liquid ratio, and extraction times were chosen as factors; L9(34) orthogonal design was used to optimize extraction process; antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Toona sinensis was investigated by the total reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results From the statistical data of processing, the optimal extracting conditions were as follows:liquid to material was 1:12, extraction time was 120 min, and extracted for 3 times. Polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis had certain reducing capacity and had better scavenging ability on DPPH? and the scavenging rate significantly increased with the concentration. The effect was simulated by curve equation. Conclusion The process is simple, feasible, stable and reliable and can be used for the small-scale study on extraction of polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis. Polysaccharides from seeds of Toona sinensis have antioxidant activity.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of bone transport technique versus induced membrane technique for treatment of infected bone nonunion.Methods A retrospective study was made on 46 cases of infected bone nonunion admitted from April 2011 to December 2014.They were 33 males and 13 females,aged from 12 to 68 years (mean,45.3 years),involving 40 tibial and 6 femoral fractures.Bone transport technique was used in 37 cases while 9 cases were treated with induced membrane technique.Fracture union and complications were recorded.The function of the affected limb was evaluated at the final follow-up using Johner-Wruhs criteria.Results The 46 cases were followed up for 9 to 18 months (mean,14 months).In the bone transport group,bone union was achieved after a mean duration of 6.5 months (range,from 4 to 11 months) without complications like wound infection or neurovascular lesions.In the induced membrane group,bone union was achieved after a mean duration of 5.8 months (range,from 4 to 11 months) and there was one case of re-infection.According to the Johner-Wruhs score system,34 cases were rated as excellent,9 as good and 3 as fair,with a total excellent and good rate of 93.5％.Bone transport technique led to 28 excellent,4 good and one fair cases in the patients with tibial nonunion,and one excellent,2 good and one fair cases in the patients with femoral nonunion.Induced membrane technique led to 3 excellent,3 good and one fair cases in the patients with tibial nonunion,and 2 excellent cases in the patients with femoral nonunion.Conclusions Both bone transport technique and induced membrane technique are effective for infected bone nonunion.Bone transport technique may be preferred for tibial infected nonunion while induced membrane technique preferred for femoral infected nonunion.

Objective To compare the efficacy between the treatment courses of 4 weeks and 8 weeks of lansoprazole in the treatment of endoscopic mucosal stripping ( ESD ) induced iatrogenic gastric ulcer.Methods 84 gastric adenoma or early gastric cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups after lansoprazole(30 mg/day) treatment for 4 weeks and 8 weeks.After 8 weeks of ESD, the efficacy between two groups were compared.Results 69 patients from the total 84 patients were included into the final analysis, 34 patents in 4 week-treatment group and 35 patients in 8 week-treatment group.There was no significant difference between the two groups of the ulcer stage(68% in the scar stage of 4 week-treatment group and 69% in the scar stage of 8 week-treatment group, P=0.93 ).There was no significant difference between the two groups of ulcer reduction radio (0.0081 ±0.015 in 4 week-treatment group and 0.0037 ±0.008 in 8 week-treatment group, P=0.15) 8 weeks after ESD.There was no difference in scar stage and ulcer reduction radio between 4 week-treatment group and 8 week-treatment group of patients with large ulcers ( >30 mm ) . Conclusion For ESD-induced gastric ulcer, there was no significant difference in efficacy of lansoprazole between 4 week-treatment and 8 week-treatment.It may be sufficient for proton pump inhibitors only 4 weeks’ treatment in ESD-induced gastric ulcers.

Objective To explore the mechanism of β-catenin/Akt signaling pathway in the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by selenite sodium.Methods Gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was cultured, and 0 mol/L, 5 mol/L, 10 mol/L and 20 mol/L selenite sodium treated cells; flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate after 24 h;10 mol/L sodium selenite treated cells, flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle changes after 24 h;10 mol/L sodium selenite treated cells,protein expression ofβ-catenin,cyclin D1 and protein kinase B ( Akt) activity were detected by Western blot after 0,6,12,24 h.Results Cells apoptosis rate was significantly higher than 0 mol/L after cells was treated by 5 mol/L, 10 mol/L and 20 mol/L sodium selenite, due to cells apoptosis rate was higher by 10 mol/L sodium selenite treated than 5 mol/L and 20 mol/L, 10 mol/L sodium selenite treated cells for follow-up study;gastric cancer cells was treated by 10 mol/L sodium selenite for 24 h, compared with the control group, G0/G1 phase cells decreased, cells in S phase and G2/M phase significantly increased(P<0.05);gastric cancer cells was treated by 10 mol/L sodium selenite for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h,protein expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 and Survivin in 6 h, 12 h and 24 h was significantly lower than that in 0 hour (P<0.01),and with the extension of time, protein expression gradually decreased;gastric cancer cells was treated by 10 mol/L sodium selenite could significantly decrease the phosphorylation of p-Akt in 6,12,24 h, while there was no significant difference of Akt among difference time points( P <0.01).Conclusion Sodium selenite could induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and the cells were arrested in S phase.The mechanism may be associated with beta-catenin/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the expression of miR-146a and its effect on the biological characteristics in gastric carcinoma. Methods The expressions of miR-146a in gastric cancer tissue and carcinoma adjacent tissue were detected by RT-qPCR , and human gastric cancer cell line MKN-28, SGC-7901, MKN-45 and immortalized gastric epithelial cell GES-1 were cultured,GES-1 as a reference, the expressions of miR-146a in each cell line was detected by RT-qPCR; miR-146a mimics and miR-146a control were transfected into gastric cancer cell line MKN-45, and the expression of miR-146a was detected by RT-qPCR;CCK8 was used to detect the effect of miR-146a on the proliferation of cells;flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of miR-146a on cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins. Results The expression of miR-146a in gastric cancer tissue was significantly lower than carcinoma adjacent tissue(P<0.01); expression of miR-146a in gastric cancer cell MKN-45 was the lowest campared to GES-1, so the gastric cancer cell MKN-45 was selected as a follow-up study. The expression of miR-146a in miR-146a mimics group was significantly higher than control group(P<0.01); CCK8results showed that the proliferation rateof miR-146a mimics group was significantly lower thanmiR-146a control on 24 hour (P<0.05),and was significantly lower than miR-146a control on 48 hour and 72 hour (P<0.01).The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate in miR-146a mimics group was significantly higher than miR-146a control;Western blot showed that the expressions of Cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax protein in miR-146a mimics group was significantly lower than those in miR-146a control, and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher than miR-146a control (P< 0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-146a in gastric carcinoma was lower than carcinoma adjacent tissue, and the miR-146a could inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis after transfected.

OBJECTIVE Study the role of mycoplasma infection and expression of Ki67 protein in the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry method was used to study 145 specimens of laryngeal carcinoma tissues, 25 specimens of precarcinoma tissues, 31 specimens of vocal cord polyps and 15 specimens of normal tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinoma. RESULTS ①The positive rates of PD4 and Ki67 were 45.52%(66/145) and 82.76 % (120/145) in laryngeal carcinoma tissue, 16.00 % (4/25) and 32.00 % (8/25) in precarcinoma tissue, 12.90 % (4/31) and 22.58 % (7/31) in vocal cords polyps, 6.67 % (1/15) and 0 (0/15) in normal tissues adjacent to laryngeal carcinoma. ②The positive rates of PD4 and Ki67 were higher in the advanced laryngeal carcinoma cases than that in the early laryngeal carcinoma cases. The positive rates of PD4 and Ki67 were higher in laryngeal carcinoma cases with cervical metastasis than that laryngeal carcinoma cases without cervical metastasis(P