.7%and 88.6%.Conclusion IDUS after ERCP yields higher diagnostic accuracy for complex biliary and pancreatic diseases and it is also more dependable in differentiating benign tissues from malignant ones than ERCP alones

The compressive strength of the original bone tissue was tested, based on the raw human thigh bone, bovine bone, pig bone and goat bone. The four different bone-like apatites were prepared by calcining the raw bones at 800 degrees C for 8 hours to remove organic components. The comparison of composition and structure of bone-like apatite from different bone sources was carried out with a composition and structure test. The results indicated that the compressive strength of goat bone was similar to that of human thigh bone, reached (135.00 +/- 7.84) MPa; Infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results showed that the bone-like apatite from goat bone was much closer to the structure and phase composition of bone-like apatite of human bones. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) test results showed that the content of trace elements of bone-like apatite from goat bone was closer to that of apatite of human bone. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) results showed that the Ca/P value of bone-like apatite from goat bone was also close to that of human bone, ranged to 1.73 +/- 0.033. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) patterns indicated that the macrographs of the apatite from human bone and that of goat bone were much similar to each other. Considering all the results above, it could be concluded that the goat bone-like apatite is much similar to that of human bone. It can be used as a potential natural bioceramic material in terms of material properties.
Animals ; Apatites ; chemistry ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Cattle ; Compressive Strength ; Goats ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Swine ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To explore the role of computer-based simulators in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy training.Methods Forty-one graduate students,residents and GI fellows for further cducation with no experience in endoscopy were randomly assigned to two groups and underwent one-month training with or without a 10-hour computer-based simulator.Each trainee performed upper endoscopy in 20 patients.Comparison was made between the two groups in terms of these performance parameters:esophageal intubation,retroflexion,pyloric intubation,intubation of the descending part of the duodenum and procedure time.Resuits There Was no significant difference in esophageal intubation(P=0.699)and intubation of the second part of the duodenum(P=0.141)between two groups.While the differences were significant in retroflexion (P<0.001),pyloric intubation(P<0.001)and procedure time(P=0.032),i.e.,the simulator group was much better in performance than the other group.Conclusion The computer-bascd simulator is effective in providing trainees with the skills needed for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,shortening the teaching hours and lessening patients'pain.

ObjectiveTo evaluate magnesium sulfate and compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte in bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy.MethodsA total of 81 patients were randomly divided into two groups.Group A (n =41 ) received compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte,and group B (n =40) received magnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte. Positive detection rate,intestinal preparation score,the incidence of capsule retention and solution quality,liver and kidney function were compared between those two groups.ResultsThe positive detection rates of capsule endoscopy were 65.9％ (27/41) in group A and 62.5％ (25/40) in group B,which were nonsignificantly different (x2 =0.099,P ＞ 0.05).The intestinal preparation scores of 19 patients in group A were ≤4 and those of 22 patients were ≥6,while those of 28 patients in group B were ≤4 and of 12 patients were ≥6,which were significantly different (x2 =4.653,P ＜ 0.05). The rates of capsule retention of group A and B were 2.4％( 1/41 ) and 5.0％ (2/40) respectively,which were not significantly different (x2 =0.372,P ＞ 0.05 ).Obvious abdominal pain,nausea or vomitting occurred in no patients of the two groups.There was no difference in electrolyte level or liver and kidney function between those two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionMagnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte is applicable for the bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of 3D BRAVO and TRICKS for detecting cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and to explore the MR scanning methods on CVST.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 40 patients who were diagnosed with CVST in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2011 to June,2014.All the patients underwent TRICKS scan and 3D BRAVO examination and were classified into 3 groups based on dural venous sinuses,deep cerebral vein and superficial cerebral vein.Detection rates of TRICKS and BRAVO were evaluated and the results were analyzed.Result Detection rates of dural venous sinuses by TRICKS and BRAVO were 98.0％ and 100％ respectively.Detection rates of deep cerebral vein were 92.9％ and 100％ respectively.No significant difference was found (P＞0.05).Detection rates of superficial cerebral vein were 66.7％ and 100％ respectively.Significant difference was found between the two (P＜0.05) Conclusion BRAVO technology can clearly demonstrate the details of CVST,especially in superficial cerebral vein.With the combination use of TRICKS sequences,it will be of higher diagnostic value.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) on intestinal permeability in patients with active ulcerative colitis (AUC). MethodsTwenty-four A UC patients were randomly divided into two groups:routine treatment group (n =11 ) and routine treatment plus EN group (n =13). Patients in routine treatment group were treated with mesalazine as well as low-residue diet, while patients in routine treatment plus EN group received mesalazine and short peptide EN for 14 days. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine (L/M) before and after treatment was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. ResultsThe L/M ratio was 0. 039 ± 0. 025 in routine treatment group and 0.072 ± 0.019 in routine treatment plus EN group (P =0.069). After 2 weeks of treatment, the L/M ratio of routine treatment plus EN group (0.038 ± 0.012 ) was significantly lower than the pretreatment level (P =0.043 ), while the L/M ratio of routine treatment group between before and after treatment had no significant difference (0.039 ± 0.025 vs. 0.032 ± 0.022, P =0.730). ConclusionEN can effectively improve the intestinal permeability in AUC patients.

Objective: To explore the effects of different doses of Zn on the expression of metallo- thionein(MT) isoforms in hippocampus, olfactory bulb, diencephalon and cortex in stress rats. Method: The animal model of psychological stress was developed by restraint for 4w. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: control group, Zn-deficient group, pair-fed group, Zn -supplemented group and their corresponding stress groups. The expressions of MTs and their mRNAs were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR respectively. Results: In Zn-deficient group, plasma zinc content was decreased, while in Zn -supplemented group slightly increased. Compared with Zn-deficient group, the stress Zn -deficient group had higher expressions of MTs and MT-1 mRNA, MT-3 mRNA in hippocampus, olfactory bulb, diencephalon and cortex. Expressions of MTs in Zn-supplemented group were increased, and much more in corresponding stress group. In addition, the levels of plasma cortisol, IL-6 and IL-1 were increased clearly in Zn-deficient group and stress groups. Moreover, MTs’ productions were different in four brain domains,the highest in hippocampus and the lowest in diencephalon. Conclusion: Zn may affect the expressions of MTs and MT-1 mRNA, MT-3 mRNA in different regions of brain in stress rats. The higher production of MTs in hippocampus may be related to its role in body’s adaptation to stress. Cortisol, IL-6 and IL-1 may be involved in the modulation of expression of MTs.

Objective To observe the effects of psychological stress on the levels of Hcy and folate in rats. Method The Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups as follows:control,stress and stress with folate supplement. The animal model of psychological stress was developed by restraint. Results The levels of Hcy both in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were increased and not only the level of folate in plasma but also in cortex,hippocampus,liver and mucous membrane epithelium of small intestine were decreased under restraint stress. Folate supplement could improve the depletion of folate and the increase of Hcy induced by restraint. Conclusion The depletion of folate may be one of the important factors of high Hcy level induced by psychological stress.

Objective To teach the intellectuals how to adapt psychological stress and improve health by rational nutrition and health education. Method The propaganda and education on the role of nutrients in increasing the adaptive ability to psychological stress and ameliorating related diseases were used, mainly in the way of seminar and consultation, and the psychological status was evaluated by testing A-type behavior, anxiety and depression, and determining the concentration of saliva cortisol, serum homocysteine and lipid peroxides. Results After education, A type behavior, SDS total scores and the concentration of saliva cortisol, serum homocysteine and lipid peroxides were decreased dramatically, indicating that the psychological stress of intellectuals was effectively reliveved. Conclusion Nutritional propaganda and education can significantly improve intellectuals’ psychological health status.

Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin A (VA)-fortified edible oil on improving the immune function of children. Method: The marginally VA-deficient children were selected as volunteers in four cities of China. Nutritional intervention was conducted in the children with edible oil fortified with VA 7500?g/kg for five months. The VA level, the contents of IgA,IgG,IgM and complement C3 in sera of the volunteers were detected at the end of intervention. Results: The levels of VA, IgA,and C3 in sera of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group, but no differences of IgG and IgM were observed. Conclusion:The VA status and immune function of the AD children could be effectively improved with vitamin A-fortified edible oil.