Objective To study the application of puncturing and inserting catheter for sclerosis therapy of prostatic cyst. Methods By guiding transrectal ultrasonography,prostatic cyst was punctured and one catheter was inserted into the cyst cavity.Then through the catheter,the fluid in the cyst was drawn out,the cyst cavity washed and absolute alcohol injected.Results 21 cysts were all given sclerosis therapy through catheter successfully.All the patients were followed up for 6～8 months and their cysts all disappeared. Conclusions Puncturing the prostatic cyst guided by transrectal ultrasonography is accurate and reliabe.Sclerosis therapy through a catheter is convenient,safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of interventional ultrasound treatment for non-ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Methods Seventeen cases of ectopic pregnancy with masses 20~50 mm(mean,35 mm) in diameter and embryo sacs 15~42 mm(mean,26 mm) in diameter were included.Under the guidance of ultrasonography,needle puncture and aspiration of lesions of ectopic pregnancy was conducted through the posterior fornix.Then the methotrexate(MTX) 20~40 mg was injected into.Results All the 17 cases were punctured and MTX-injected on one session.The embryo sac disappeared within 4 weeks after the treatment in 16 cases,while there was no improvement in 1 case and a further surgery was given.Of the 16 successfully treated cases,salpingography showed the oviduct as "patent" in 14 cases and as "unobstructed" in 2.Conclusions Interventional ultrasound treatment of non-ruptured ectopic pregnancy has advantages of simplicity of performance,good safety and efficiency,minimal invasion,and few adverse effects.This procedure is worthy of being recommended.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound-guided catheterization in the treatment of traumatic pericardial tamponade. Methods Nine patients with traumatic pericardial tamponade underwent ultrasound-guided catheterization from March 1998 to September 2003. After the drawing-off of fluid, the catheter was remained in the pericardium to drain the blood. Results The catheterization and drainage gave marked relief from symptoms. Surgical repairs of heart were performed in 4 patients within 4～ 8 h following drainage. Selective operations were required in 2 patients after the improvement of their conditions. Two patients were cured by drainage and 1 patient died of severe brain trauma. Conclusions The technique may produce prompt relief from symptoms of traumatic pericardial tamponade, being a safe and reliable procedure. It may create favorable conditions for further surgical repair or even freedom from operations.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound-guided microcatheter pericardiocentesis in the management of malignant pericardial effusion.Methods A total of 13 patients with malignant pericardial effusion entered the study.Under the guidance of ultrasonography, the pericardial puncture was performed to introduce an epidural catheter(microcatheter).Through the microcatheter,the pericardial fluid was drawn out and chemotherapy drugs were injected into.Results Pericardial puncture and microcatheter implantation was conducted successfully in all the 13 patients.The total drainage volume was 400~780 ml(mean,530 ml).The survival rates at 3,12,and 24 months after the treatment were 92.3%(12/13),77.8%(7/9),and 60%(3/5),respectively.No recurrence of pericardial effusion was found. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided microcatheter pericardiocentesis in the treatment of malignant pericardial effusion is safe,minimally invasive,effective,and feasible.

Objective To study the value of sclerotherapy by indwelling intravenous cannula guided by color Doppler flow imaging in the treatment of thyroid cyst. Methods In the guidance of color Doppler flow imaging, the cyst was punctured with intravenous cannula. Then the cyst fluid was drawn out, the cyst cavity irrigated, and the absolute alcohol injected into. Results The treatment was completed successfully in 47 cases, without complications such as bleeding or nerve injuries. The cyst was wiped out within 1 month in 20 cases, within 3 months in 27 cases. All the 47 cases were followed for 6～12 months and no recurrence was seen.Conclusions Puncture guided by color Doppler flow imaging is safe and reliable. Use of absolute alcohol in sclerotherapy is effective.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of color ultrasound-guided interventional treatment for popliteal cyst. Methods Under the guidance of color ultrasonography,the cyst was punctured and the fluid was drew out.After repeated irrigation of the cyst cavity with normal saline,the absolute alcohol was injected and indwelled for about 5 min.The absolute alcohol injection was repeated for 2~3 times.Results Out of 23 cases,22 cases were cured on single procedure and 1 case was cured after the second treatment.Follow-up for 6 months in all the cases found no recurrence.Conclusions Interventional treatment for popliteal cyst under color ultrasonic guidance is simple,minimally invasive,safe,effective,and repeatable.

Objective We have monitored the set up errors of radiotherapy for thoracic cancer using ontime imaging system. The discrepancy of couch top between treatment machine (net bracket) and simulator (plate) was observed. Set up errors were analyzed quantitively according to variable distribution, ratio and extent of displacement. Methods Three hundred eighty nine orthogonal portal images of 30 patients were compared to the simulation films. Set up deviation in lateral, longitudinal and vertical direction were measured respectively. The systematic and random errors were evaluated. Results The distribution of set up errors in each direction approximated a normal distribution. The systematic error in lateral and longitudinal was lower with a mean of 1～2 mm, and however, it was 6.8 mm in vertical direction without immobilization device as compared to 1.5 mm with immobilization device. The random error was larger and ratio of vertical displacement was higher without immobilization. Conclusions The decline of treatment couch top (with net bracket) could result in a larger systematic error with a mean of 6.8 mm. We must pay attention to the coordination of couch top between treatment machine and simulator when radiation field is set. The use of immobilization device during thoracic radiotherapy is able to improve the geometrical quality.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBF) on neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation and the regulated mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3βand protein phosphatase (PP) 2A in the rats induced by amyloid βprotein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with AlCl3 and re-combinant human transforming growth factor ( RHTGF)-β1( composited Aβ) .METHODS:The male SD rats were used to establish the simulated Alzheimer disease ( AD) model by intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ.The Morris water maze was applied for screening the successful model rats with learning and memory deficits .The successful model rats were daily and orally administrated with SBF at doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg or positive control drug Ginkgo biloba leaves flavonoids ( GLF) at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.The silver nitrate staining was used to determine the cortical NFT .The protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated protein of tau at Ser199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βand PP2A in hippocampus and cortex were determined by Western blot .The mRNA expression of GSK3βand PP2A in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:Compared with sham group , the cell number of positive NFT with silver nitrate staining in model rat cerebral cortex was significantly increased .The protein levels of phosphorylated tau protein at Ser 199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3βin the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the model rats dramatically elevated , and PP2A was marked decreased as compared with the sham group rats.Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of GSK-3βsignificantly increased but PP2A was de-creased.However, these above abnormalities were differently attenuated by treating with SBF at different doses or GLF at 140 mg/kg for 37 d.CONCLUSION: SBF suppresses the NFT aggregation by inhibition of the regulatory functions of GSK-3βand PP2A, thus reducing the phosphorylation of tau protein .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationship between Whitmania pigra Whitman and Hirudo nipponia Whitman.

METHODBy the sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) the molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by MP method using software MEGA 4.0.

RESULTThe average length of ITS was 857.2-861.2 bp. The A, T, G and C contents in this fragment were 25.12%, 28.28%, 17.34%, 29.29%, respectively. The GC content was higher than the AT content. Little sequence variation was observed in ITS gene fragments with in species, and transition in only 45 loci was revealed in 14 populations. 14 W. pigra and H. nipponia populations were clustered into 2 groups by MP phylogenetic tree.

CONCLUSIONThe results also showed that the intraspecific variation was dominated in variation types of W. pigra and H. nipponia. The classification result of W. pigra and H. nipponia and its adulterants based on DNA sequences are not totally consistent with those based on classification. It showed that a little of mutation of base in ITS sequences had occurred in the process of evolution, such as transition cites, transvertion cites among base or base gap.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS) in evaluating the effect of liver cancer ablation. Methods A total of 46 patients with liver cancer (60 lesions) were treated with microwave ablation between May 2008 and October 2016.After 1 month, color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI), contrast-enhanced CT ( CECT) and CEUS examinations were performed.A biopsy was performed on each of positive lesions . Results A total of 12 positive lesions were detected by CECT , and the biopsy proved to be residual tumor .A total of 11 lesions were detected by CEUS (the rate of missed diagnosis was 8.3%, 1/12). In CEUS positive lesions, 8 lesions were detected by CDFI (the rate of missed diagnosis was 33.3%, 4/12).There were no false positives. Conclusions Application of CEUS to evaluate the effect of liver tumor ablation is simple , reliable, and non-radiative.It has obvious advantages in follow-ups after liver tumor ablation and guided biopsy and treatment of residual lesions .