The expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β supeffamily co-receptor (Tβ3R) Ⅲ is often lost in many kinds of cancers.Tβ3RⅢ plays a role of negative regulation in tumorigenesis.T3RⅢ could regulate the cellular invasion,migration,proliferation and apoptosis by multiple mechanisms,such as mediating the TGF-β signaling pathway,impacting the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Cdc42 and producing soluble TβR(sTβR) Ⅲ.Defining the mechanisms of absence and physiological functions of TβR Ⅲ in cancers has great significant for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of cancer.

With the development of science and technology,many scientific achievements were gained,while a lot of problems emerged at the same time,for example,the expansion of gap between basic research and clinical research,the difficulty of clinical application of basic research achievement,all these promote the development of translational medicine.The appearance of translational research not only promote the formation of medical development strategy at the national level and the development of multiple disciplines,but also push the formation of the medical scientific research institutions on translational research and speed up the transformation of important achievements.Translational medicine in China is in the initial stage,and the top design and layout need to be increased through making overall coordinate and support,estabilishing a perfect training talent and the establishment of uniformed information platform,and so on.

Objective To investigate whether apoptosis is invovled in the immune response of inner ear,and relation between the signal transduction of Caspase-3 and apoptosis. Methods Sixteen healthy,female guinea pigs were employed in this study. The animals in the experiment group were sensitized systematically with keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH),then were inoculated in inner ear with the same antigen, and the animals in the control group were injected with the same volume of PBS. The animals were sacrificed at the 5th day after inner ear vaccination. Paraffin sections of cochleas from animals were prepared, TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptotic cells in inner ears, and immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression of Caspase-3 in inner ears. Results TUNEL-positive cells are found in the inner ears of the experiment group, but did not in the inner ears of the control group except for a few TUNEL-positive cells in the supporting cells, the stria vascular cells and the spiral ganglion cells. The high expression of Caspase-3 could be detected in the inner ears of the experiment group, but no positive cells of Caspase-3 were found in the inner ears of the control group. Conclusion Apoptosis could be induced by the immune response of inner ear, and Caspase-3 cascade may be involved in the course of apoptosis.

Objective To study the distribution of the gap conjunction and connexin(Cx)26 and 32 in inner ear of guinea pig. Methods We investigated expression and distribution of gap conjunction and Cx 26 and Cx 32 in cochlea of guinea by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and electron microscopy. Results T The gap conjunction was easily seen between hair cells and supporting cells in cochlea of guinea pigs. Cx26 was widely distributed in the stria vascularis, the spiral ligament and between the supporting cells, and Cx32 appeared mainly among supporting cells, in the stria vascularris. Conclusion There exist lots of gap conjunctions in inner ear of guinea pig. Two kinds of connexins can be seen in guinea pig's cochlea, and the Cx 26 plays more important role than other Cx.

With the development of translational research,many research institutes on translational research appeare around the world.These research institutes should focus on core problem,enhance the construction of information platform and training talent,evaluate translational projects and establish supporting system.Compared with foreign research institutes on translational medicine,the construction of Chinese research institute on translational research is in the initial stage,and many aspects need to improve.According to the current situation in China,we put forward that the research institutes on translational research in China should be settled in medical universities and promote the development of translational research by enhancing the training talents,developing the innovation of system,strengthening financing ability.

By tracing of ~(75)Se-Na_2SeO_3 incubating and irrigating of the isolated myocardial slices of rats, the numeric relationship between the free selenics in the serum and the serum sdenics, the sodium sdenite doses injected were observed; the absorption of the frce selenics and the serum selenics was compared; the setenics metabolic rate and quantities of the myocardial tissue in different duration after injecting of selcnite, the effect of selenics concentration to the participating were calculated, It is suggested that there is a very close relationship between the free selenics and the selenium metabolism in the myocardium; the ratio betwen the values of the free selenics and the serum selenics may become a stable indicator of the selenium metabolism; the free selenics in the serum may be where the important mediates of selenium metabolism are.

【Objective】 To establish a postoperative recovery scale for Chinese people and to make a preliminary assessment for the scale.【Methods】Programmatic decision-making method was used to establish the basic items and structure of the scale.And then 70 postoperative patients were sampled to assess the scale by grading their recovery.【Results】The postoperative recovery scale had a good validity in contents and structure,and a good reliability and responsiveness.【Conclusion】The postoperative recovery scale established preliminarily can be used as the initial scale for evaluating the recovery of postoperative patients treated by traditional Chinese and western medicine.

To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media accompanied by cholesterol granuloma and the relationship between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma, 63 cases of middle ear cholesterol granuloma treated in our hospital during the period from March 1988 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were surgically and pathologically verified. 15 cases of cholesteatoma coexisting with cholesterol granuloma were found among the 63 patients. All 15 cases had a long-term history of otitis media, such as otorrhea (sanguine purulent otorrhea and bloody otorrhea in 8 cases) and perforation of the eardrum (perforation of pars flaccida in 8 cases). Temporal bone CT scans showed cholesteatoma in 11 cases. All patients were treated surgically, and cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma were found coexisting alternately, the latter lying mainly in the tympanic antrum, attic and mastoid air cells. Chocolate-colored mucus was accumulated in well-developed mastoid air cells, and glistening dotty cholesterol crystals were also found. In most cases, enlarged aditus, destruction of lateral attic wall, erosion of ossicular chain, exposure of horizontal segment of facial nerve and tegmen of attic were observed. Occlusion of Eustachian tube was noted in 6 cases, and occlusion of tympanic isthmus was revealed in all cases. A post-operative dry ear was achieved in all patients, and hearing improvement was achieved in all 12 cases following tympanoplasty. Cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma in middle ear may share a common pathophysiological etiology: occlusion of ventilation and disturbance of drainage. The diagnosis should be considered when patients presented with chronic otitis media with bloody otorrhea. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for the diagnosis before operation. The surgical approach depends on the location, extension and severity of the lesion. The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and create an adequate drainage.
Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/*complications ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnosis ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery ; *Cholesterol ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/*complications ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/surgery ; Otitis Media/diagnosis ; Otitis Media/*etiology ; Retrospective Studies

In order to evaluate the availability of the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and anaplasty of epiglottis to treat some patients with specific supraglottic carcinomas and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, 17 cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed, whose tumors were located at the lateral margin of epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, medial wall of piriform fossa and were treated by the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and anaplasty of epiglottis. The results showed that all cases took food by mouth in postoperative 9-14 days and subjected to decannulation in postoperative 9-15 days. Three cases had postoperative hoarse voice. The free-disease survival rate of 3 years was 71.4% in 14 cases followed up after the first surgical therapy, and the overall free-disease survival rate of 3 years was 85.7% after the second surgical therapy. It was concluded that the manipulations of the lateral horizontal laryngectomy and epiglottiplasty were simple. It could alleviate the postoperative symptoms of aspiration and bucking remarkably and shorten their postoperative recovery time, yet does not lower the survival rate of patients if laryngocarcinoma or hypopharyngeal carcinoma cases were properly selected.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*surgery ; Epiglottis/*surgery ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/*surgery ; Laryngectomy/*methods ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods