Objective Explore the effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on cardiac function in rats with adriamycin(Adr)-induced heart failure.Methods MSCs were isolated from 8-week old F344 rats and cultured in vitro.Cells at the third passage were identified with a flow cytometer and labeled with(5-Bromo-2'-Dexuuridine,BrdU)before transplantation.BrdU-labeled MSCs(3?106 cells)was transplanted into rats(the transplantation group and the sham transplantation group,respectively)via femoral vein.Four weeks after the transplantation,cardiac function was evaluated using physiological recorder.Hearts were harvested and analyzed by immunohistochemistry to identify the transplanted BrdU-labeled cells.Results Four weeks after transplantation:the mortality of transplantion group was 6.2%,significantly lower than 12.5% in sham transplantation group(P

38.5 ℃) between two groups showed no significant difference(8.3% vs 6.9%,?2=0.000,P=1.000).Conclusions As to skilled urologists in conditioned hospitals,PCNL can be considered to be the first choice for impacted upper ureteric calculi.

Objective To explore indications and safety of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).MethodsPatients were enrolled into this study at the end of PCNL according to their pre-and intra-operative conditions.The inclusion criteria included:the degree of nephrohydrosis by preoperative B-ultrasonography less than 4 cm;preoperative level of serum creatinine is normal;single percutaneous tract;no sign of urinary infection before and during operation;no obvious operative bleeding or severe collecting system perforation;no residual stone or with small residual stone but no need for second percutaneous operation;operation time for PNCL less than 2 hours(double-J tube placement was placed successfully).A total of 240 patients with upper ureteral calculi or renal stones were selected and randomly allocated to no nephrostomy drainage(Group A,120 patients) or standard(F14) nephrostomy drainage(Group B,120 patients) groups according to the parity of the patients' number. Results PCNL was completed successfully in both the groups with a high rate of stone clearance [98.3%(118/120) vs 96.7%(116/120),?2=0.171,P=0.679].No patient required blood transfusion.After the operation,18 patients showed fever but without infectious shock(Group A: 8 vs Group B: 10,?2=0.240,P=0.624).No perinephric fluidity was observed by B-ultrasonography either in Group A or Group B in 48 hours after the surgery.Conclusions As for strictly selected patients,tubeless PCNL is a safe and effective treatment.

Objective To analyze and identify the differentially expressed proteins in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) after injury caused by oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal, and to explore the potential role of renal tubular cell injury in kidney stone formation.Methods Normal HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and the culture medium was changed with serum-free medium after cell growth to confluence. Oxalic acid and COM crystals (final concentration at 2 mmol/L and 200 mg/L, respectively) were added in the experimental group. Cells in both groups were then incubated at 37 ℃ for 12 h. The extracted proteins from both groups were separated by two dimensional electrophoresis followed by analysis, and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Two identified proteins were then verified by western blot. Results Reproducible two dimensional gel images of the proteins from both groups were successfully obtained. By using LC-ESI-MS/MS, 12 proteins: FK506-binding protein 4, isoform alpha-enolase of alpha-enolase, isoform M1 of pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2, ATP synthase subunit alpha, isoform 1 of 3′(2′), 5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1, isoform 2 of nucleophosmin, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 3, Cofilin-1, Fascin, pyIsoform 1 of cytosol aminopeptidase, were identified. The deferentially expressed proteins were related to cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell multiplication, apoptosis, Ca2+ channel activity regulation, cell movement and signal transduction. Western blot verified that higher ENO1 but lower Cofilin-1 expressed in HK-2 cells after the injury. Conclusions High level oxalic acid and COM crystals can cause protein expression profile changes in normal human HK-2 cells. The changes of protein expression may not only protect HK-2 cells from being injured, but also be related to kidney stone formation.

Objective To evaluate the toxic effects of oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals on human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) as well as the influence on cell protein expression. Methods Normal HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and the culture medium was changed to serum-free medium after cell growth to confluence. Oxalic acid with different concentration wasthen added and the formation of crystals and their adherence to cells were observed microscopically. A Fourier infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to analyze the crystal composition. The toxic effects of 1, 2, 5 and 10 mmol/L oxalic acid on HK-2 cells after incubation for 4, 12 and 24 h were detected with a CCK-8 kit. Changes of protein express of HK-2 cells were determined using the Bradford method. Results Crystal formation and adherence to cell surface could be microscopically observed in a few minutes after oxalic acid was added to the DMED medium containing Caz+. The composition of the crystals was revealed to be calcium oxalate monohydrate by FT-IR. Oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate presented a concentration-dependent toxic effect on HK-2 cells which was, however, not merely increased with time lasting. The quantity of protein expressed by HK-2 cells incubated with 1,2, 5 mmol/L oxalic acid for 12 h and that of control was 358±51, 365±43, 328±52 and 329±60 mg/L, respectively (all P>0. 05), while the quantity of protein was significantly smaller than that of control after the incubation of 10 mmol/L oxalic acid for 12 h (264±76 vs 329±60 mg/L,P<0. 05).Conclusion Oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals have toxic effects on normal human HK-2 cells and cause changes in protein expression,which may play an important role in the formation of renal calculi.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) forupper ureterie calculi or renal calculi without keeping nephrostomy drainage. Methods A total of240 patients with upper ureteric calculi or renal calculi undergoing PCNL were selected and randomizedto receive no nephrostomy drainage (Group A,120 patients) or a standard (14 F) nephrostomy drain age (Group B,120 patients) after lithotripsy was finished. Inclusion criteria included no urinary infec tion history,one stage operation,single percutaneona tract,no operative bleeding and no need for see ond percutaneous operation. The pain score,the number of patients requiring postoperative analgesiaand the incidence of urine leakage as well as postoperative hospital stay time of the 2 groups were not ed and compared. Results Compared with Group B,patients in Group A got lower pain scores at6 h,1 d and 2 d after the operation (4.2±1.5,2.1±1.6 and 1.2±1.0 vs 5.5±2.4,3.9±1.5 and2.5±1.5,respectively,P<0.01),with fewer patients requiring postoperative analgesia (15.0% vs26.7%,P<0.05),lower incidence of urine leakage (2.5% vs 23.3%,P<0.01) and shorter postop erative hospital stay (1.7±0.6 dvs 3.1±1.1d,P<0.01). Conclusion For selected patients,takeaway nephrostomy drainage right after PCNL could be considered as an effective method to get lesspostoperative pain,lighter economic burden and shorter recovery time.

Objective To explore the relationship between stone formation and histopathological characters of renal papilla in patients with infectious renal calculi. Methods A total of 43 patients with infectious renal calculi undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were included in this study. Renal papilla biopsy specimens were obtained under a nephroscope during the operation, fol-lowed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin or alizarin bordeaux for light microscopy and electron mi-croscopy. The extracted stones were analyzed and proved to be composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate or carbonate apatite with a transform-infrared spectrometer. Results Renal papilla calci-um plaques were found in 24 of the 43 patients (56 % ) during PCNL. Local calcium salt deposits could be found localized in the renal tubular basement membrane and spread to the interstitial tissue. Tiny stone adherence was observed in the renal papillae where calcium salts grew into the collection system. Conclusion Calcium salt deposits exist on the renal papilla in some patients with infectious renal calculi, which may be correlated with the formation of infectious stones.

BACKGROUND:Bone mesenchymal stem cells have immunological regulation function both in vitro and in vivo, while the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on CD4+T cellimmune function in patients receiving kidney transplantation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the monitoring significance of CD4+T-cellimmune function by ImmuKnow assay and to determine the effect of induction therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cellimmune function in patients receiving kidney transplantation. METHODS:From January 2011 to June 2013, 24 patients receiving al ograft renal transplantation with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were included and another 48 patients receiving al ograft renal transplantation and Simulect induction therapy with various matched preoperative characters served as controls. In both groups, adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells in the peripheral blood were determined by the ImmuKnow assay preoperatively and at 14, 30, 60, 90, 180 days postoperatively, as wel as during acute rejection and infection episodes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the 180 days postoperatively, fewer patients in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup had acute rejection and injection than the Simulect group, but no significant differences were observed. Postoperative adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells were significantly lower than those determined preoperatively in both groups (P<0.05), while no significant differences were observed between the two groups. A total of 12 patients in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup and 26 patients in the Simulect group had infection episodes, and the adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells during the infection episodes were lower than clinical stable patients in both groups (P<0.01). For patients receiving renal transplantation, induction therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can effectively decrease the cellimmune function, which can be reflected by the adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells in the peripheral blood determined by the ImmuKnow assay.

We present a case of vaginal ectopic ureter with ipsilateral partial duplication of the upper ureter (Y-type ureter), ipsilateral hypoplastic pelvic kidney and bicornuate uterus in a 20-year-old woman who presented with mild urinary incontinence since infancy. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and intravenous pyelography examination showed a left kidney with no evidence of a right kidney. Cystourethroscopy showed absence of the right hemitrigone. Magnetic resonance (MR) urography demonstrated the presence of a bicornuate uterus, an ectopic dysplastic right kidney in the pelvic cavity, and a right ureter that terminates in the vaginae fornix. The patient underwent right nephroureterectomy and urinary continence was restored completely. Although congenital malformations of the urinary tract are frequently associated with genital tract abnormalities, to best our knowledge, this is the first report of the coexistence of all of these anomalies in an individual. Our report also highlights the importance of MR urography in the diagnosis of such rare and complex anomalies.
Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ureter ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Urinary Incontinence ; etiology ; Uterus ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Vagina ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Young Adult