The pathological changes of pulmonary fat emdoiksm were studied in ratsby means of an intravenous injection with autosnbcutaneous fat.The resultsshowed that most fat ernboli appeared in pulmonary arterioles and capillariesafter 24 hours.By 4 days,large number of sudan Ⅲ-positive emboli were seenthroughout the lungs.The inflammatory cellular infiltration including the histoc-ytes,macrophages,polymorphonuclear leucocytes and occasional eosinophils,pulmonary edema and focal hemorrhage were observed.After 7 days,most fatemboli disappeared.No fat embolism in other organs was found.

Objective To analyze the epidemic status and characteristics of mumps in Shushan area, and to provide scientific reference for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of mumps cases in Shushan District from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved from China Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System. The data of vaccination rate were obtained from the Anhui Province Immunization Program Information Management System. The data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 799 cases of mumps were reported in Shushan District. The average annual incidence was 21.58/100 000, and the incidence was increasing year by year. Cases were reported in every month, with 20.90% cases reported from April to May. The number of males and females were 513 and 286 respectively, and the incidence rate of males (27.55/10) was higher than that of females (15.51/100,000). The youngest patient was 2 months old and the oldest was 84 years old. The age distribution was mainly under 10 years old, with a total of 573 cases (71.71%). The incidence rate decreased with age. The occupational distribution was mainly primary and secondary school students and kindergarten children, accounting for 371 cases (46.43%) and 262 cases (32.79%), respectively. Cases were reported in 11 towns (streets) in Shushan District, mainly in Wulidun Street, Jinggang Town and Bijiashan Street, accounting for 23.53% (188 cases), 17.52% (140 cases), and 13.64% (109 cases), respectively. More than 97 percent of eligible children born between 2015 and 2019 received mumps vaccines. Conclusion Students and kindergarten children are the main prevention and control groups for mumps. Epidemic surveillance and health education should be effectively carried out. At the same time, children who miss mumps vaccine should be vaccinated with mumps vaccine to strengthen immunity and prevent the onset of mumps.

OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement mechanism of proanthocyanidins on acute kidney injury （AKI） induced by gentamicin in rats. METHODS Gentamicin sulfate was injected intraperitoneally to construct the AKI rat model； the model rats were randomly divided into model control group， benazepril hydrochloride 5 mg/kg group （positive control）， proanthocyanidins 50 mg/kg group， proanthocyanidins 100 mg/kg group， and proanthocyanidins 200 mg/kg group， with 10 rats in each group； in addition， 10 normal rats were selected to be treated as the normal control group. The rats in each administration group were given corresponding liquid intragastrically， and the normal control group and model control group were given equal volumes of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 28 consecutive days. After the last administration， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and 24 h urinary protein （UP） were detected； the renal index was calculated； the pathological changes of renal tissue were observed and the pathological score was calculated； the apoptotic rate of cells in renal tissue and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， as well as the phosphorylation levels of silent information regulator of transcription 1 （SIRT1） and AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） were detected. RESULTS Compared with the model control group， the levels of SCr， BUN， UP and MDA， the renal index， the pathological score of renal tissue， the apoptotic rate of cells in renal tissue， the protein expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax in renal tissue of rats in each administration group were decreased significantly； SOD and GSH-Px levels， phosphorylation levels of SIRT1 and AMPK protein were increased significantly （P＜0.05）， and the effect of proanthocyanidins was in a dose-dependent manner （P＜0.05）. There were no significant differences in the above indexes between proanthocyanidins 200 mg/kg group and benazepril hydrochloride 5 mg/kg group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The improvement effect of proanthocyanidins on AKI rats may be related to the activation of SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.