OBJECTIVE：To determine the contents of baicalin in Biyankang nose drops for controlling the quality of this preparation.METHODS：The sample was first processed with D101 macropore resin,then baicalin was isolated with thin-layer chromatography and detected at wavelength 277nm.RESULTS：Linearity ranged from 0.84μ g to 9.60μ g(r=0.99 997) with an average recovery of 98.01％ (RSD=1.36％ ,n=5).CONCLUSION：This method can be used as a quantitative check of quality control for this preparation.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current condition and the trend of drug use of antihypertensive in6cities along the Yangtse River valley.METHODS:The sales of the chief6kinds of antihypertensive drugs commonly used in the clinic in each city,the percentage and the important drugs etc.were analyzed by sequencing of the sum of drugs purchasing.RE-SULTS:The sales volume of antihypertensive in the6cities has been increasing with Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou took the lead and Wuhan,Chengdu and Chongqing increased slower.Consumption of calcium channel blocker accounted for50%,ACEI accounted for about25%and angiotensinⅡacceptor antagonistic drug accounted for about10%of the total consump-tion.CONCLUSION:Calcium channel blocker,ACEI and angiotensinⅡacceptor antagonistic drug are the chief3antihy-pertensive in terms of drug consumption in the clinic,while the clinic consumption of the other3kinds of antihypertensive were comparatively lower,of which the manufacturers should be aware.

OBJECTIVE:To objectively evaluate the situation of drugs used in Chongqing DistrictMETHODS:Based on the data from Analysis System of Drug-use in the Yangtse River Valley,the situation of drugs used in Chongqing District in the period 1998～2000 was analysedRESULTS:The total value of sales of drugs was increasing year by year in 1998～2000The domestic products had a tendency of increase,the imported products remained stable and the products of joint ventures exhibited a decreasing tendency in the share of the market over the period of 3 yearsIn the 100 enterprises which had the lead in the value of sales of drugs,the component ratio of domestic enterprises to foreign ones was 4∶1Among the 100 enterprises which took the lead in value of sales,4 enterprises in Chongqing took their places in the first 10 pharmaceutical enterprisesCONCL_USION:The pharmaceutical enterprises in Chongqing have achieved considerable developmentThe hospitals in Chongqing District have an inclination for local products

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the drug use of 20 hospitals in Chongqing in order to provide reference for drug administration,clinical medication,drug manufacturer and medicine enterprise. METHODS:Retrospective analysis was applied to sequencing 14 categories of drugs in the top level of lists for total consumption sum,growth rate of drug category and manufacturer. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:In recent 3 years,the total consumption sum of drugs increased year by year. The growth rate of anti-cancer drugs was 98.11%. The growth rate of consumption sum of Chongqing LUMMY Pharmaceuticals was the highest among pharmaceutical enterprises in Chongqing,accounting for 106.46%. It is expected that the consumption sum of drugs can continue to increase in the future. Reorganizations of pharmaceutical enterprises in Chongqing have been completed basically,which will be developed with great effort in the next.

OBJECTIVE:To standardize and improve the package inserts of Traditional Chinese medicine injections,and to guide clinical rational drug use and reduce incidences of adverse drug reactions(ADRs).METHODS:The package inserts of 34 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine injections commonly used in the clinic were subjected to an analysis.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Part of the package inserts were not standard in writing contents in that they are unscientific and incompact,which thus remain to be improved.

3 d) were noted.CONCLUSION:The Clindamycin should be used in line with the perioperative preventive medication principle by strictly following its indications to ensure the safety and rationality of its clinical use.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for reducing the occurrence of ADR and disposing ADR correctly. METHODS:Using the Excel statistics and manual screening,528 ADR reports were collected from a third grade class A hospital in Chongqing during Oct. 2005 to Dec. 2015. Those ADR cases were analyzed statistically in respects of general information of ADR patients, routes of administration and occurence time,types of ADR-inducing drugs,organs/systems involved in ADR and clinical manifesta-tions,disposal and outcomes,etc. RESULTS:A total of 285 cases(53.98%)of ADR occurred in elderly patients aged more than 65. Most of original diseases were respiratory system disease(144 cases,27.27%). 124 ADR cases occurred in people who had al-lergic history(23.48%). Most of ADR cases were induced by intravenous administration(428 cases,81.06%). ADR frequently oc-curred within 1 h after medication(385 cases,72.92%). Anti-infective agents(211 cases,39.96%)and TCM preparations(67 cas-es,12.69%) were the top 2 involved drug types. The most common ADR occurred in skin and its appendants (175 cases, 33.14%),followed by general reaction(148 cases,28.03%)and administration sites(63 cases,11.93%). The treatment of ADR mainly involved drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment (285 cases,53.98%). ADR mainly were cured and recovered (509 cases,96.40%). CONCLUSIONS:The characteristics and regularity of ADR disposal should be analyzed to formulate clinical path-way for ADR diagnosis,suspected cases observation,examination,disposal and rescue. When the patient has general reaction or re-spiratory system and circulatory system problems,treatments should be more actively processed.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for ration use of TCM injection. METHODS:The utilization of TCM injections in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of TCM injections increased slowly in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,increasing from 767 581 thousand yuan to 911 759 thousand yuan,with annual growth rate of 8.98%. Total sum of consumption sum of top 10 drugs was 1 326 019.7 thousand yuan,accounting for 51.11% of total. The consumption sum of Hong-hua injection and Shenxiong glucose injection always took up the first 2 places in those years. DDDs of Xuesaitong injection, Shenxiong glucose injection glucose,Honghua injection and Shuxuetong injection always took up the first 4 places in those years. DDC of Xuebijing injection and Kanglaite injection always took up the first and second places in those years. Among top 10 TCM injection in the list of consumption sum,most of B/A was lower than 1.00;B/A of Shuxuetong injection,Xingnaojing injection, Shenqiong glucose injection and Xueshuantong injection were close or equal to 1.00. Xuesaitong injection was the one that B/A>1.00 from beginning to end. CONCLUSIONS:Total use of TCM injection increased steadily and drug use relatively concentrated in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,and rationality of drug use by physicians had been improved gradually.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of electrolyte on the stability of the neonatal parenteral nutrition. METHODS:Under room temperature(25 ℃),the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent or bivalent ion electrolyte(10% So-dium chloride injection,10% Potassium chloride injection,25% Magnesium sulfate injection,and Calcium gluconate injection) and containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte were investigated by the change of appearance to determine the pH val-ue,insoluble particles and the size and distribution (polydispersity index,PDI) within 24 h. RESULTS:The pH of the nutrition with electrolyte was over 5 and also met the quality requirements;there were no precipitate,flocculation and discoloration in the appearance;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon for 24 h,but did not appear demulsification phenomenon;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and demulsification phenomenon for 24 h;the neonatal paren-teral nutrition containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and de-mulsification phenomenon for 12 h and the hanging wall phenomenon was more obvious for 24 h. Meanwhile,a size bigger than 5μm microns and particle size bigger than 25 μm microns of insoluble particles appeared,and both the average particle size and PDI value were higher than those in the previous two situations(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:As more and more monovalent and biva-lent ion electrolyte being added into the neonatal parenteral nutrition,especially divalent ion electrolyte,the stability of the neona-tal parenteral nutrition decreases,which behaves as a phenomenon that the size of grains and the number of insoluble particles in-crease.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of anti-tumor essential medicine in the clinic. METHODS:The application of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 increased from 10 083.65 ten thousand yuan to 15 186.65 ten thousand yuan,with annual increase rate of 22.72%. 3-year total consumption sum was 37 952.45 ten thousand yuan,and the sum of consumption sum of top 10 medicines was 36 742.24 ten thousand yuan,accounting for 96.81%;top 3 medicines were paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and flu-orouracil. During 2012-2014,DDDs had changed to certain extent,and the front medicines contained tegafur,paclitaxel and cyclo-phosphamide,etc;the most increment medicine was paclitaxel (oral),whose annual growth rate was 59.63%;that of tamoxifen decreased year by year,with annual decrease rate of 5.14%. DDC of paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and etoposide were the higher others. Annual B/A of oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside were all lower than 1.00. CONCLUSIONS:The lonsumption sum and DDDs of anti-tumor essential medicine had increased reasonably in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,while their DDC had kept stable. Main medicines used in the clinic are suitable for numerous indications,and are expensive.