Objective: A three-dimensional-printed individual titanium plate was applied for maxillary protraction to eliminate side effects and obtain the maximum skeletal effect. This study aimed to explore the stress distribution characteristics of sutures during maxillary protraction using individual titanium plates in various directions and locations. Methods: A protraction force of 500 g per side was applied at forward and downward angles between 0° and 60° with respect to the Frankfort horizontal plane, after which the titanium plate was moved 2 and 4 mm upward and downward, respectively. Changes in sutures with multiple protraction directions and various miniplate heights were quantified to analyze their impact on the maxillofacial bone. Results: Protraction angle of 0–30° with respect to the Frankfort horizontal plane exhibited a tendency for counterclockwise rotation in the maxilla. At a 40° protraction angle, translational motion was observed in the maxilla, whereas protraction angles of 50–60° tended to induce clockwise rotation in the maxilla. Enhanced protraction efficiency at the lower edge of the pyriform aperture was associated with increased height of individual titanium plates. Conclusions Various protraction directions are suitable for patients with different types of vertical bone surfaces. Furthermore, when the titanium plate was positioned lower, the protraction force exhibited an increase.

OBJECTIVETo realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage.

METHODSEighty-eight adult male SD rats were used, after 1 week adaptability feeding, 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet. The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet. After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%. The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. high fat group, high fat+sulforaphane low dose group, high fat+sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat+sulforaphane high dose group. The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages.

RESULTSThe content of ROS (0.26 ± 0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ± 0.08) U/mg)(t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P < 0.05). The activity of T-AOC((0.43 ± 0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ± 1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg, (16.08 ± 3.12) )(t values were 2.06 and 2.28, P < 0.05). Gavage intervention with sulforaphane, the MDA amount ((0.67 ± 0.05), (0.55 ± 0.05), (0.56 ± 0.07) U/mg) in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg (t values were 3.65, 5.71 and 5.60. P < 0.05). The activity of T-AOC ((0.49 ± 0.05), (0.55 ± 0.05), (0.54 ± 0.04) U/mg), T-SOD ((61.07 ± 2.79), (55.95 ± 2.39), (60.26 ± 6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP ((17.17 ± 2.52), (18.24 ± 2.54), (18.21 ± 3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ± 0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ± 2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ± 1.56)) (tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and -4.30; tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90, -3.52 and -3.50, P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ((69.12 ± 8.63), (64.43 ± 6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ± 5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71, P < 0.05). But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ± 7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t = -1.66, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigh-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney, and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high-fat diet.

Animals ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Isothiocyanates ; Kidney ; Male ; Mitochondria ; Obesity ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains

The treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents is challenging.Maxillary protraction, particularly that using bone anchorage, has been proven to be an effective method for the stimulation of maxillary growth. However, the conventional procedure, which involves the surgical implantation of mini-plates, is traumatic and associated with a high risk. Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology offers the possibility of individualized treatment. Customized miniplates can be designed according to the shape of the maxillary surface and the positions of the roots on cone-beam computed tomography scans; this reduces both the surgical risk and patient trauma. Here we report a case involving a 12-year-old adolescent girl with skeletal Class III malocclusion and midface deficiency that was treated in two phases. In phase 1, rapid maxillary expansion and protraction were performed using 3D-printed mini-plates for anchorage.The mini-plates exhibited better adaptation to the bone contour, and titanium screw implantation was safer because of the customized design. The orthopedic force applied to each mini-plate was approximately 400–500 g, and the plates remained stable during the maxillary protraction process, which exhibited efficacious orthopedic effects and significantly improved the facial profile and esthetics. In phase 2, fixed appliances were used for alignment and leveling of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions. The complete two-phase treatment lasted for 24 months. After 48 months of retention, the treatment outcomes remained stable.

Objective To realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage . Methods Eighty-eight adult male SD rats were used , after 1 week adaptability feeding , 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet.The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet.After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%.The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e.high fat group, high fat +sulforaphane low dose group , high fat +sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat +sulforaphane high dose group.The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks.All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages .Results The content of ROS (0.26 ±0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ±0.08) U/mg) (t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P <0.05).The activity of T-AOC ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ±1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg,(16.08 ±3.12) ) (t values were 2.06 and 2.28,P <0.05).Gavage intervention with sulforaphane , the MDA amount ( ( 0.67 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.55 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.56 ±0.07 ) U/mg ) in the sulforaphane low , middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ( ( 0.87 ±0.05 ) U/mg (t values were 3.65,5.71 and 5.60.P<0.05).The activity of T-AOC((0.49 ±0.05),(0.55 ±0.05), (0.54 ±0.04) U/mg), T-SOD((61.07 ±2.79), (55.95 ±2.39), (60.26 ±6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP((17.17 ±2.52), (18.24 ±2.54), (18.21 ±3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ±2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ±1.56))(tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and-4.30;tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90,-3.52 and -3.50, P<0.05 ).The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ( ( 69.12 ±8.63 ) , (64.43 ±6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ±5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71,P<0.05).But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ±7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t=-1.66,P>0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney , and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high -fat diet.

Objective To realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage . Methods Eighty-eight adult male SD rats were used , after 1 week adaptability feeding , 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet.The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet.After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%.The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e.high fat group, high fat +sulforaphane low dose group , high fat +sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat +sulforaphane high dose group.The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks.All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages .Results The content of ROS (0.26 ±0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ±0.08) U/mg) (t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P <0.05).The activity of T-AOC ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ±1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg,(16.08 ±3.12) ) (t values were 2.06 and 2.28,P <0.05).Gavage intervention with sulforaphane , the MDA amount ( ( 0.67 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.55 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.56 ±0.07 ) U/mg ) in the sulforaphane low , middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ( ( 0.87 ±0.05 ) U/mg (t values were 3.65,5.71 and 5.60.P<0.05).The activity of T-AOC((0.49 ±0.05),(0.55 ±0.05), (0.54 ±0.04) U/mg), T-SOD((61.07 ±2.79), (55.95 ±2.39), (60.26 ±6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP((17.17 ±2.52), (18.24 ±2.54), (18.21 ±3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ±2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ±1.56))(tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and-4.30;tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90,-3.52 and -3.50, P<0.05 ).The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ( ( 69.12 ±8.63 ) , (64.43 ±6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ±5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71,P<0.05).But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ±7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t=-1.66,P>0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney , and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high -fat diet.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of customized titanium plate and conventional maxillary protraction treatment in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion during growth spurt.Methods:During growth spurt, skeletal class Ⅲ patients with maxillary hypoplasia who were treated in the Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology from August 2018 to July 2021 were prospectively enrolled. They were treated with maxillary protraction using customized titanium plates (customized titanium plate group) and conventional methods (conventional protraction group), respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected before and after treatment for conventional cephalometric analysis, including SNA angle (angle between Sella, Nasion and A point), ANB angle (angle between A point, Nasion, and B point), FH-MP angle (mandibular plane angle), Y-axis angle, U1-L1 angle (upper to lower central incisor angle), U1-SN angle (upper incisor to SN plane angle), anterior and lower height, maxillary length, etc. The stable basicranial line (SBL) was used as the reference line to measure the distance from each reference point (ANS point, A point, Prn point, Sn point, UL point etc.) to the stable basicranial vertical line (VerT, the perpendicular line of the skull base line at the intersection point of the anterior wall of the sella image and the inferior edge of the anterior bed process). Paired t-tests were performed on the cephalometric data before and after maxillary protraction treatment in the two groups, and two independent samples t-tests were performed to compare the differences in the efficacy of the two maxillary protraction methods. Results:A total of 20 patients (9 males and 11 females), aged (10.8±1.3) years, were included in the personalized titanium plate group. A total of 20 patients (8 males and 12 females), aged (10.5±1.1) years, were included in the conventional protraction group. The SNA angle, ANB angle, FH-MP angle, Y-axis angle, anterior lower height, maxillary length, ANS-VerT distance, A-VerT distance, Prn-VerT distance, Sn-VerT distance, and UL-VerT distance were significantly higher than those before treatment in the two groups ( P<0.05). The changes of SNA angle, ANB angle and A-VerT before and after treatment in the personalized titanium plate group [3.15°±2.28°, 4.64°±1.40°, (4.41±3.43) mm, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the traditional group [2.13°±2.69°, 2.81°±1.10°, (3.13±4.76) mm, respectively]( P<0.05), and the changes of U1-L1 angle and U1-SN angle before and after treatment (-0.76°±7.42° and 1.74°±6.38°, respectively) was significantly lower than that of the control group (-5.14°±6.62° and 4.57°±5.24°, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:Maxillary protraction can effectively improve skeletal class Ⅲ relationships in growing patients. The linear measurements using the SBL line as a reference plane visualize the sagittal improvement in sagittal relationship after maxillary protraction. The customized titanium plate maxillary protraction treatment has a clear therapeutic effect on patients with skeletal class Ⅲ deformities, and its dental effect is relatively small.

Objective:To compare the characteristics of gait disorders between patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus(iNPH)and Parkinson's disease(PD)patients.Methods:General clinical data and gait assessment results of 16 iNPH patients, 20 PD patients, and 23 healthy adults seeking treatment at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between January 2020 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Gait analysis was conducted using the Mobility Lab? system with APDM Opal sensors from the US.Results:The 16 patients in the iNPH group had a mean age of(68.81±8.73), the 20 patients in the PD group had a mean age of(65.05±10.15), and the 23 adults in the control group had a mean age of(59.96±6.20).There was no significant difference in age between the iNPH group and the PD group( P>0.05).However, the iNPH group was older than the healthy control group( t=3.71, P<0.05).The disease duration of the iNPH group was(22.94±23.19)months, which was shorter than(92.60±53.70)months in the PD group( t=5.23, P<0.05).The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score(17.13±7.08)and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score(11.75±5.43)of the iNPH group were significantly lower than those in the PD group[(24.17±4.73), t=3.45, P<0.05、(21.29±5.82), t=4.86, P<0.05]and the control group[(26.70±1.61), t=5.31, P<0.05、(22.78±3.30), t=7.89, P<0.05].Compared with the PD group, the iNPH group had a significantly lower foot clearance[right: (1.65±0.76)cm vs.(2.56±1.30)cm]and smaller bilateral toe-off angles[left: (20.59±6.11)° vs.(28.43±6.36)°; right: (20.78±6.88)° vs.(28.12±7.49)°, t=3.74、3.02, respectively, all P<0.05].There were statistically significant differences in all gait parameters in iNPH patients compared with the control group( P<0.05). Conclusions:iNPH patients exhibit clear gait disturbance, which is more prominent than in PD patients.The wearable gait analysis system can accurately assess gait disorders in iNPH patients, and can be applied to gait assessment and the development of rehabilitation plans.

The miniplate was designed and three-dimensional (3D) printed according to the positions of roots and tooth germs and then it was used as skeletal anchorage to protract the maxilla. The maxilla moved forward obviously after treatment. Custom designed and 3D printed miniplate could be used for maxillary protraction.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to non-coding RNA longer than 200 nt, with one or more short open reading frames (sORF), which encode functional micro-peptides. These functional micro-peptides often play key roles in various biological processes, such as Ca²⁺ transport, mitochondrial metabolism, myocyte fusion, cellular senescence and others. At the same time, these biological processes play a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, diseases and cancers development and progression, embryonic development and other important physiological processes. Therefore, studying the potential regulatory mechanisms of micro-peptides encoded by lncRNA in organisms will help to further elucidate the potential regulatory processes in organisms. Furthermore, it will provide a new theoretical basis for the subsequent targeted treatment of diseases and improvement of animal growth performance. This review summarizes the latest research progress in the field of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides, as well as the progress in the fields of muscle physiological regulation, inflammation and immunity, common human cancers, and embryonic development. Finally, the challenges of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides are briefly described, with the aim to facilitate subsequent in-depth research on micro-peptides.
Animals ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides/chemistry* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*