A new photochemical method was employed to cause regional cerebral throm-bosis in the rats by intravenous injection of the rose bengal (1mg/100g body weight)and focal illumination (with a filtered xenon lamp, ?560nm and △?60nm) of the intackskull surface. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac out-put(CO), heart rate(HR) and the regional blood flow of heart, liver, spleen, kidney andadrenal were used as indexes. The effects of cerebral hemodynamic alterations on cardiacfunction during photochemical reaction were discussed. The results showed that rCBF, SV,CO decreased markedly as compated with the contralateral (P

AIM: To study the changes of hippocampal ne uronal microenvironment and alterations of excitatory amino (EAA) and inhibitory amino acid (IAA) in extracellular fluid (ECF) in different time after t hrombotic cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. METHODS: The model of focal thrombotic cerebral ischemia was ind uced by photochemistry-technology in tree shrews. Hippocampal ECF was collected b y microperfusion. pH, PCO 2, PO 2 and HCO 3- were analyzed by blood gas ana lyzer, and Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA were measured by high-performance liquid chrom atography (HPLC)-PITC technology after occlusion. RESULTS: The contents of Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA in hippocampal E CF increased, and pH, PO 2 and HCO 3- decreased after photochemical induced cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. There were significant differences between ish emic group and sham group (P

Alogliptin is a class of highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.It can reduce the glucose level mainly through inhibiting the decomposition of dipeptidyl peptidase of glucagon peptide-1 (GLP-1), therefor promote insulin secretion.A large number of clinical trials have been conducted before and after algliptin get approved by Food and Drug Administration form different countries , which proves that alogliptin can remarkably reduce blood glucose without causing any serious risks.This article is mean to introduce most of the important clinical trials that has been conducted, from Phase I to Phase IV.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS).Methods Wet digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen.Results In the selected experimental conditions, the recovery rates of these elements were 98.5%-103.0% and the coefficient of variation was 1.13%-2.36%.The detection limits were 0.40 ?g/L for Fe, 0.08 ?g/L for Cu, 0.20 ?g/L for Zn, 0.14 ?g/L for Mn.The linear range was 0.00-2.00 mg/L.Conclusion FAAS is simple, fast, accurate for the determination of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen.

Experimental DIC model was performed by infusion of thrombin and PAMBA. The rate of glomerular microthrombosis was declined from 56% of the control group to 26% of the treated 2h after venous injection of defibrinogenase. The reduction of pletelet count of the treated group (7.9 ?1.17) was more less than the control ( 3.1? 1.44). There was a trece content in plasma fibrinogen 1h after giv ing drug.It was a significant difference bet-ween the treated and control group (P

Objective To explore the feasibitity of endoscopic thyroidectomy through armpit or breast approach. Methods 14 patients aged from 21 to 36 years.There were 11 cases of thyroid adenoma(9 cases of single side and 2 cases of double sides)and 3 cases of nodular goiter (1 case of single side and 2 cases of double sides).The mini-mcision was made at armpit or breast.A percutaneous chennel into thyroid gland was performed and the focus was removed with ultrasonic scalpel wnder endoscopy. Results All cases were operated on under endoscopy,in cluding 11 cases through armpit approach and 3 ones through breast approach.The mean operative time was 135(105～335)min.The average blood loss was 65ml through armpit approach and 135ml through breast approach respectively.There was no operative complications. Conclusions Thyroidectomy under endoscopy is a new secure method.

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecysterctomy in the treatment of patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis. Methods 8 patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis were operated on by single-stage splenectomy and cholecysterctomy. Results The procedures were successfully accomplished in all patients. The average hospitalization was 7.5 days. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in all of the 8 patients. Conclusions Single-stage laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecysterctomy is the therapy of choice for patients with congenital hemolytic anemia and cholecystolithiasis. The kind of operation is a minimally invasive approach and has the advantages of less injury and short hospital stay.

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscope combined with cholangioscope in the management of bile duct calculus. Methods 100 cases of extra- and/or intrahepatic bile duct underwent laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage or intra- or postoperative cholangioscope was performed from July 1997 to December 2000. Results 42 out of 100 cases obtained intraoperative complete clearance of the bile duct calculus and other 58 cases achieved thorough clearance of calculus postoperatively once to six times. No residual calculus was found in 3 years of follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic and cholangioscopic surgery is an effective method for the treatment of bile duct calculus.

BACKGROUND:Breast cancer stem cel s have a greater impact on the occurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Under simulated tumor microenvironment, we can better analyze the proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s. OBJECTIVE:To explore the tumor microenvironment effect on the differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s. METHODS:Breast cancer cel s and MCF-7 cel s were primarily cultured in fibroblast supernatant and serum-free PCM-2 medium, and formation of breast cancer cel s microspheres was observed. Proliferative ability of breast cancer cel s was detected using MTT colorimetry, and the surface markers of breast cancer stem cel s and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were measured using immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The diameter of primary cel microspheres was larger in the serum-free PCM-2 medium than in the fibroblast supernatant, but the culture speed was faster in the fibroblast supernatant than the serum-free PCM-2 medium. At 3 days of primary culture, the expression of ALDH1 in primary cel s was greatly higher in the serum-free PCM-2 medium than in the fibroblast supernatant. However, the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin were up-regulated in the fibroblast supernatant than in the serum-free PCM-2 medium. In addition, the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin in MCF-7 cel s cultured in the fibroblast supernatant were up-regulated, while the expressions of ALDH1 and Oct-4 were downregulated. These findings indicate that the tumor environment has some certain effects on the growth and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s, and some cytokines secreted from fibroblast supernatant can promote the proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel microspheres to some extent.

This paper analyzed the status of the medical students'volunteer services in China and abroad , dis-cussed the feasibility and necessity of medical students'volunteer service .The influence factors , elvaluation and ef-fectiveness of the medical students'volunteer services were sumed up , and its development tendency was also dis-cussed .The following suggestions were put forward , namely improving the volunteer service participation , making the voluntary service a routine work , aiming to giving references for medical schools and volunteer organizations car-rying out the medical students'volunteer services .