A Review The diseases caused by endotoxin have seriously affected human health. Previous studies have shown that p38 MAPK pathway is involved in the intracellular signal transduction induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which plays an important role in the activation of inflammation-related cells to release inflammation mediator. Recently there have been some progresses in the isoforms distribution, substrate, molecular mechanism of regulating the release of inflammatory mediators, cellular specific activation and levels of p38 MAPK. [

Objective To reveal the relation between Nesiritide and vascular remodeling,the relation between Nesiritide and the levels of aldosterone.Methods 20 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups.All rabbit models were constructed with BC.After injury,the control group were fed with standard forage,the Nesiritide group received standard forage plus subcutaneous Nesiritide[0.1 mg/dissected free from arteria iliaca externa,processed for histological and morphological study by TD 2000 analysis system of pathology image.Data of vascular remodeling and the levels of plasma aldosterone were determined.Results There had significant difference between AUIEM and AUEEM(P ＜ 0.05),markedly significant difference was also found in residual cavity areas and ratios of stenosis(P ＜0.01).There had no significant difference between areas of media(P ＞ 0.05).Aldosterone reduced from the 28th day.Conclusions Nesiritide could benefit vascular remodeling after angioplasty,which might be through reducing aldosterone.

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of Duckett and Duplay technique on repairing severe hypospadias.Methods70 cases with severe hypospadias accepted urethraplasty with a penile and scrotal skin tube by Duckett's and Duplay's technique. ResultsThe hypospadias of 65 cases were successfully repaired in one stage, 3 cases complicated urethral fistula,2 caese complicated urethral stenosis with urethral diverticulum, which was significantly improved compared with the scrotal cutaneous island flap techniques(P<0.05). ConclusionDuckett's and Duplay's techniques is a good method in the treatment of severe hypospadias with little complication.

Purpose　The aim is to evaluate the effects of rhIL-11 made in China on hematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in cynomolgus monkeys.Methods　Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression of cynomolgus monkeys was made by china iv cyclophosphamide ( 30 mg/kg, qd ) for 5 days, then animals were divided 6 groups(n=4), by sc rhIL-11( 50, 100, 200 μg/kg), or Neumega (GI rhIL-11 control, 100 μg/kg) for 14 days, another normal control and model control. Blood was taken before chemothery and then at day 3, 6,9,12,15,18,21 for blood cell counts and platelet congregate test. Bone marrow was aspirated day 0, 12 and 21 for evaluation of the megakaryocyte ploidy distribution.Results　Recovery of blood platelets was accelerated and reached normal levels by day 12, and was higher than normal day 18, day 21 sc rhIL-11 in cynomolgus moneys. Blood platelet congregated rate were 71.4%～74.6% by day 21 and higher than model control . megakaryocytes in bone marrow increased.Conclusion　rhIL-11 could accelerate the recovery of peripheral blood platelets in monkeys. The function of increased platelets was normal. The results supported the clinical use of rhIL-11 as a platelet restorative agent to prevent severe thrombocytopenia following chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the impact of play therapy to the pain and the compliance of hospitalized children during tht course of lumbar puncture operation.Methods Divided 60 children with lumbar puncture operation into the intervention group (30 cases) and the control group(30cases)randomly.Routine cares were used in the control group,while the play therapy was used in the intervention group in addition during the course of lumbar puncture operation.Results There were statistical significance in the comparisons of the changes of respiratory rate and pulse rate during the preoperative and intraoperative of lumbar puncture between the two groups,P＜0.01.There were also significant differences in the comparisons of subjective and objective pain score as well as the puncture compliance in the lumbar puncture operation.The score of FLAFF scale and the Wong-Baker scale in the intervention group was (2.52 ± 1.37) and (3.59 ± 1.15) respectively,which was significant lower than that of in the control group,(4.22 ± 1.97) and (4.93 ± 1.71),the difference was significant,P＜0.01.Conclusion Play therapy can relieve the pain of children with lumbar puncture operation,reduce the changes of the vital signs,promote the puncture compliance and shorten the time of the whole operation completeness.

0.05, respectively), but those to noradrenaline (NA: 0.01?mol/L), histamine (His: 3?mol/L), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT: 0.1?mol/L), significantly reduced (P0.05, respectively). Under atropine or Ani pretreatment, the NA-, His- and 5-HT-elicited contractions in endothelium-denuded aorta were similar to those in endothelium-intact aorta. Conclusion Atropine and Ani can inhibit receptors-mediated constrictions of rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells; the actions are endothelia independent.

Purpose To investigate the effect of resveratrol on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice.Methods Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced by LPS in mice. The changes of lung airway inspiratory resistance (Ri), expiratory resistance (Re), and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were observed with pulmonary function test apparatus. Brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and the concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β)、interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factory α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The ratio of wet to dry weight was calculated to assess lung edema. Pulmonary vascular permeability was examined with injection Evans blue to judge the destructive extent of alveolar epithelial cell and endothelial. Pathological section was made, and the histopathological change was observed with light microscope.Results Resveratrol can inhibit the elevation of Ri and Re, and the descent of Cdyn. Simultaneously, resveratrol reduced the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α,as well as the wet to dry weight ratio and the pulmonary vascular permeability significantly. Furthermore, it also could attenuate the lung injury on histopathology.Conclusion The results show that pretreatment with resveratrol has a protective effect on ALI induced by LPS. The ultimate inhibiting and release of inflammatory factors were involved in the mechanism of the effects.

Objective: To summarize surgery experience and efficiency of laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and reconstruction of biliary tract and to analyze the treatments administered during intra and post-operation of the biliary reconstruction. Methods: We enrolled 48 cases of video-guided laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiography, cholecystectomy, choledochocele resection, Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with an anti-reflux valve from August, 2001 to October, 2003.Their operative procedures and aims were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Forty-four out of 48 patients successfully underwent laparoscopy and recovered soon. Only 4 cases were transformed to open operation. The post-operation complications were found in 4 cases. Conclusion: Video-guided laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst, biliary tract reconstruction and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy are an effective method of treatment with advantages of minimal injury, less bleeding, and sooner recovery.

AIM: To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced p38 MAPK activation and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) secretion in macrophages. METHODS: Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in mouse macrophages cultured in vitro. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the secretion of TNF-? in macrophages. Electron microscopy was used to study the effect of EGCG on the structure of LPS. RESULTS: LPS caused activation of p38 MAPK and more production of TNF-?, EGCG inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and TNF-? production and had no effect on the structure of LPS. CONCLUSIONS: EGCG has no direct effect on LPS, but blocks cellular signal pathway. The inhibition of EGCG on LPS-induced TNF-? production is mediated, at least in part, through blocking of p38 MAPK pathway. [

Objective: To investigate the changes of gastric mucosal mast cells in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) after Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection, and to explore the correlation between the changes and dyspeptic symptoms. Methods: From November 2012 to March 2014, 32 patients with FD and 16 asymptomatic patients (control group) from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were enrolled. H. pylori infection situation was examined. The mucosal biopsies from gastric antrum and gastric body were taken for histological examination. The mast cells of gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical stain. T test was performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among 32 FD patients, 17 had H. pylori infection (one with gastric body involved, two with gastric antrum involved, 14 with both gastric antrum and gastric body involved), and 15 had no H. pylori infection. Among 16 asymptomatic patients, 12 had H. pylori infection and four had no H. pylori infection. Among FD patients, the percentage of degranulated mast cells in gastric mucosa with H. pylori infection group was (61.45±24.86)%, which was higher than that without H. pylori infection group ((48.34±21.63)%), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.145, P=0.036). The percentage of degranulated mast cells in gastric mucosa with H. pylori infection group was (29.73±12.99)%, which was higher than that without H. pylori infection group ((20.77±10.86)%), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.856, P=0.006). In H. pylori infection group, the percentage of degranulated mast cells in gastric body mucosa of FD patients was (66.99±18.85)%, which was higher than that of asymptomatic patients in control group ((46.77±8.43)%), and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.642, P=0.002). The ratio of degranulated mast cells in gastric body mucosa and the density of mast cells in gastric antrum mucosa of prandial distress syndrome (PDS) patients, the density of mast cells in gastric body mucosa of epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) patients and the ratio of degranulated mast cells in gastric body mucosa and the degree of degranulation of mast cells of PDS and EPS patients were all higher than those of asymptomatic patients in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.750, 3.601, 2.799, 9.522 and 5.755, all P<0.05). Conclusions The dyspeptic symptoms of FD patients with H. pylori infection is correlated with the changes of mast cells. With the infection of H. pylori, dyspeptic symptoms of different subtypes of FD may be correlated with the changes of mast cells in different gastric region. H. pylori infection may cause the dyspeptic symptoms of FD patients by increase the number and activation of mast cells.