Objective To explore the color dopplor imaging feature of atypical persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV) and its value in differential diagnosis of white pupil. Method Color doppler ultrasonic detection was used to observe various types of white pupil, and the follow up analysis was performed. Results Among 15 eyes of 12 patients,3cases were bilaterally abnormal.Typical PHPV imaging was displayed in 11 eyes and atypical PHPV imaging was showed in 3 eyes.One eyes with retinoblastoma was wrongly diagnosised as PHPV.The arterial flow signal was detected in the central part of hyperplastic vitreous body in 11 eyes. Conclusion The arterial flow signal in hyperplastial vitreous body was a essential evidence in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PHPV.

Objective To evaluate the value of treating chotestatic hepatitis with tolynicate and naphthylacetia acid,and Dansen Root rejected fluid.Methods All patients were divided into Control Group treated with Potassium magnessium aspartape,Glucurolactone etc,and Treating Group treated with tolynicate and naphthylacetia acid,and Dansen Root re- jected fluid;The change of clinical symptom,jaundice decreasing and recovery of hepatic function were observed respec- tively.Results The change of clinical symptom,jaundice decreasing and recovery of hepatic function of Treating Group were better,and there are significant difference (P

OBJECTIVEBy means of observing the clinical development of asymptomatic chronic HBsAg carriers (AsC) to explore the clinical rule of development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to liver cirrhosis (LC) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to seek effective method for blocking the procedure.

METHODSAsCs were selected from health examination according to the diagnostic standard from the National Program for Prevention and Treatment of Viral Hepatitis, by periodical or non-periodical conventional examination of liver diseases, mixed infection of HCV was excluded. A 16-year systematic observation on clinical process of HBV infection series was completed.

RESULTSIn the 217 AsCs observed, 21 cases (9.68%) with the HBsAg negatively converted, the average year negative conversion rate being 0.58%, among them, 13/21 cases (61.9%) had production of anti-HBs antigen; 20 cases were clinically cured; 1 case transferred to HCC; 124 cases (57.14%) remained asymptomatic carriers; 73 transferred to chronic liver disease, showing a tendency of gradually developing from CHB to LC to HCC, the year transferring rate from AsC to LC and HCC being 1.04% and 0.40%, respectively. Fifteen patients died of liver diseases, in which one died of severe CHB, 3 of LC and 11 of HCC.

CONCLUSIONDifferent clinical end-results may reveal in AsCs according to their age and regulation on immune response to HBV. Few of the HCC and LC patients were HBeAg (e+) positive, they often reveal HBeAg (e-) negative or anti-HBe positive. HCC always develops on the basis of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, which are the prophase of HCC, and patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis are the high risk group of developing HCC. HCC is not only the terminal pathologic stage of hepatopathy, but also one of the most important factors that causes death of chronic hepatopathy. From the viewpoint of integrative medicine in typing hepatopathy to observe the clinical speciality of AsC developing to CHB, LC and HCC, it is considered that the degree of blood stasis is in accordance with the development of hepatopathy.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; virology ; Carrier State ; virology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; virology ; Liver Neoplasms ; virology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD) is a frequent adverse effect of antibiotic in children.AAD is associated with longer hospitalization, higher healthcare cost and even lead to death.Pediatricians usually do not pay enough attention to AAD.Domestic experts from pulmonary medicine, infection and gastroenterology are organized to develop the consensus, to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AAD, and contribute the children health in future.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in perioperative expression level of CD11/CD18 of neutrophils in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSThirty children patients with congenital heart disease underwent cardiac surgery with CPB (CPB group) and the control group consisted of 20 children who received thoracic or general surgery without CPB. Blood samples were drawn at the following time points: pre-surgery, 15 min after onset of CPB, immediately after CPB, 2 h after surgery and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd postoperative day. D11/CD18 expression on neutrophils and serum concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

RESULTIn CPB group plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 increased significantly and peaked at 2 h after initiation of CPB (P<0.05), and descended to the after-anesthesia level at 3rd day after operation. In non-CPB group there was a similar trend of changes in IL-6 and IL-8, but to a much lesser extent. The level of CD11b/CD18 in CPB group began to increase significantly and peaked at 15 min after initiation of CPB (P <0.05), and descended to the after-anesthesia level at 2 h after operation. There was no significant changes of CD11b/CD18 in control group (P >0.05). No significant differences were detected at any time points with respect to expression of CD11a/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 in both groups (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONCPB surgery of children can cause increasing of the CD11b/CD18 expression level of neutrophil but has no significant effect on CD11a/CD18 and CD11c/CD18. CD11b/CD18 may play an important role in the systemic inflammation induced by CPB.

CD11b Antigen ; blood ; CD18 Antigens ; blood ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of microvascular invasion (MVI) on tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatectomy,the efficacy of sequential transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on positive MVI patients after hepatectomy,and the effect of comprehensive treatment on the prognosis of patients with tumor recurrence.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 136 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from February 2015 to December 2016 were collected.Patients were treated with TACE,radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and molecular-targeted drugs after hepatectomy,and patients with tumor recurrence selected 1 or 2 above treatments.The patient received postoperatively outpatient reexaminations every 3 months to detect tumor recurrence and survival.Follow-up was from the day of the surgery to death or December 2017.Observation indicators:(1) treatment after hepatectomy;(2) effect of MVI on tumor recurrence of HCC patients after hepatectomy:clinicopathological features and tumor recurrence rate between positive and negative MVI patients;(3) efficacy of TACE on positive MVI patients:clinicopathological features and tumor recurrence rate in positive MVI patients with or without TACE;(4) effect of comprehensive treatment on the prognosis of patients with tumor recurrence.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s and analyzed using the independent-samples t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probalility.The tumor recurrence rate and survival rate were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method,and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis.Results (1) Treatment after hepateetony:of 136 patients undergoing hepatectomy,117 underwent single hepatectomy and 19 combined sequential TACE;59 had HCC recurrence,including 22 receiving comprehensive treatment.(2) Effect of MVI on tumor recurrence of HCC patients after hepatectomy:① Clinicopathological features:of 117 patients undergoing single hepatectomy,positive MVI was detected in 49 patients,including 44 males and 5 females,with an age of (52-± 10)years old;49 patients were in Child-Pugh grade A,including 36 combined with liver cirrhosis and 13 without liver cirrhosis;positive and negative alpha-fetoproteins (AFPs) were respectively detected in 34 and 15 patients.Negative MVI was detected in 68 patients,including 54 males and 14 females,with an age of (55± 11)years old;65 and 3 patients were respectively in Child-Pugh grade A and B,including 52 combined with liver cirrhosis and 16 without liver cirrhosis;positive and negative AFPs were respectively detected in 39 and 29 patients.There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age,Child-Pugh score of liver function,liver cirrhosis and comparison of AFP between positive and negative MVI patients (x2 =2.258,t =-1.626,x2 ＝ 0.804,0.138,1.758,P＞0.05).② Tumor recurrence rate:The 6-month and 1-year tumor recurrence rates after hepatectomy were respectively 30.77％,30.61％ in 117 patients undergoing single hepatectomy and 42.86％,51.02％ in 49 of 117 patients with positive MVI and 22.06％,27.94％ in 68 of 117 patients with negative MVI,showing statistically significant differences in 6-month and 1-year tumor recurrence rates between positive and negative MVI patients (x2 =5.738,6.465,P＜0.05).(3) Efficacy of TACE on positive MVI patients:① Clinicopathological features of 56 patients with positive MVI,7 received postoperatively sequential TACE,including 7 males,with an age of (50±4) years old;56 patients were in Child-Pugh grade A,including 5 combined with liver cirrhosis and 2 without liver cirrhosis;positive and negative AFPs were respectively detected in 2 and 5 patients.Forty-nine patients didn't combine sequential TACE,including 44 males and 5 females,with an age of (52± 10)years old;49 patients were in Child-Pugh grade A,including 36 combined with liver cirrhosis and 13 without liver cirrhosis;positive and negative AFPs were respectively detected in 34 and 15 patients.There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age,Child-Pugh score of liver function,liver cirrhosis and comparison of AFP between patients with and without sequential TACE (x2 =0.784,t =-0.512,x2 =0.013,2.844,P＞0.05).② Tumor recurrence:the 6-month and 1-year tumor recurrence rates after hepatectomy were respectively 0,28.57％ in 7 positive MVI patients with sequential TACE and 42.86％,51.02％ in 49 positive MVI patients without sequential TACE,showing a statistically significant difference in 6-month tumor recurrence rate (x2=4.800,P＜0.05) and no statistically significant difference in 1-year tumor recurrence rate (x2 =1.236,P ＞ 0.05).(4) Effect of comprehensive treatment on the prognosis of patients with tumor recurrence:of 59 patients with tumor recurrence,37 didn't receive comprehensive treatment,34 of 37 died within 1-year postoperatively,including 30 deaths within 6-month postoperatively,and 1-year survival rate was 8.10％;22 received comprehensive treatment,including 4 deaths within 1-year postoperatively,and 1-year survival rate was 81.80％,showing a statistically significant difference in 1-year survival rate (x2=32.698,P＜0.05).Conclusions MVI is one of the important risk factors affecting HCC recurrence and metastasis after hepatectomy.The combined TACE after hepatectomy can reduce the HCC recurrence rate of MVI positive patients,and active comprehensive treatment after HCC recurrence can significantly prolong the survival time of patients.

Objective: To explore the clinical practice of delivering radiotherapy during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19). Methods: During this epidemic period, available methods including but not limited to: strict disinfection, body temperature monitoring, learning relevant knowledge by all staffs to ensure the safety of radiotherapy treatment. Relevant data including proportion of radiotherapy, time from scanning to the first time of radiation delivery and degree of satisfaction in the view of staffs and patients, respectively. Results: A total of 60 patients received radiation therapy in the department of radiotherapy of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (2020-02-11). Compared with the same period in 2019 (after the Spring Festival), the total number of patients receiving radiotherapy was decreased from 72 to 60(83.3%). Among them, the number of patients receiving palliative radiation therapy decreased significantly, while the proportion of radical, preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy did not significantly decrease. There was significant difference between different years (χ²=6.967, P<0.05). The median time for newly admitted patients to receive radiotherapy was two days, which was not significantly longer than the interval in 2019 (P>0.05). Staffs and patients were generally satisfied with the current prevention measures. Conclusions Using a variety of prevention and control methods, and taking full account of medical safety and patient benefits, radiation-related activities can be carried out during the epidemic.

Objective:To explore the clinical practice of delivering radiotherapy during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19).Methods:During this epidemic period, available method including but not limited to: strict disinfection, body temperature monitoring and staff training of relevant knowledge, were used to ensure the safety of radiotherapy treatment. Statistical analysis was performed to study the relevant data including proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy for different purposes, time from scanning to the first time of radiation delivery and degree of satisfaction in the view of staffs and patients, respectively.Results:A total of 60 patients received radiation therapy in the department of radiotherapy of Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital (2020-02-11). Compared with the same period in 2019 (after the Spring Festival), the total number of patients receiving radiotherapy was decreased from 72 to 60(83.3%). Among them, the number of patients receiving palliative radiation therapy decreased significantly, while the proportion of radical, preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy did not significantly decrease. There was significant difference between two years ( χ2=6.967, P<0.05). The median time for newly admitted patients to receive radiotherapy was two days, which was not significantly longer than the interval in 2019 ( P>0.05). Staff and patients were generally satisfied with the current prevention measures. Conclusions:Using a variety of prevention and control method, and taking full account of medical safety and patient benefits, radiation-related activities can be carried out during the epidemic.

Objective To investigate the application prospect of the most extensive genome engineering pig internationally in preclinical xenotransplantation. Methods Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) knockout combined with 3 major heterologous antigen gene knockouts and 9 humanized genes for inhibition of complement activation, regulation of coagulation disorders, anti-inflammatory and anti-phagocytosis were transferred into a pig (PERV-KO/3-KO/9-TG) as a donor, and the heart, liver and kidney were obtained and transplanted to 3 Rhesus macaque recipients respectively to establish a preclinical research model of pig-to-Rhesus macaque xenotransplantation. The functional status of xenografts after blood flow reconstruction was observed and the survival of recipients was summarized. The hemodynamics of xenografts were monitored. The change of hematological indexes of each recipient was compared. The histopathological manifestation of xenografts was observed. Results After the blood flow was reconstructed, all xenografts showed ruddy color, soft texture and good perfusion. The transplant heart, liver and kidney showed full arterial and venous blood flow and good perfusion at 1 d after operation. The postoperative survival time of heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipients was 7, 26, and 1 d, respectively. The levels of creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and lactate dehydrogenase increased in heart transplant recipient at 1 d after operation, and gradually recovered to near normal levels at 6 d after operation. All indexes increased sharply at 7 d after operation. The level of aspartate aminotransferase increased in liver transplant recipients at 2 d after operation, and the alanine aminotransferase basically returned to normal at 10 d after operation, but the total bilirubin continued to increase. Both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased at 12 d after operation, and reached a peak at 15 d after operation. The kidney transplant recipient developed mild proteinuria at 1 d after operation, and died of sudden severe arrhythmia. Histopathology showed that the tissue structure of cardiac and renal xenografts was close to normal, and liver xenografts presented with patchy necrosis, the liver tissue structure was disordered, accompanied by inflammatory damage, interstitial hemorrhage and thrombotic microangiopathy. Conclusions PERV-KO/3-KO/9-TG pig shows advantages in overcoming hyperacute rejection, mitigating humoral rejection and coagulation dysregulation. However, whether it can be used as potential donor for clinical xenotransplantation needs further evaluation.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of patients with severe dengue (SD) in Guangdong Province, and to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of SD in China.Methods:The clinical data, laboratory examination and etiological test results of 257 SD cases from 29 dengue fever designated hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019 were respectively collected. The relevant indicators of the criteria for severe organ involvement were quantified. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for the development of multiple organ failure in SD patients.Results:Among the 257 SD patients, age was (64.1±20.1) years old, with 65.4%(168/257) of them ≥60 years old, 142 were male and 115 were female. One hundred and fifty-two (59.1%) patients had underlying conditions, including 115(44.7%) patients with hypertension. The clinical manifestations were mainly fever (98.4%(253/257)), fatigue (70.0%(180/257)), cough or expectoration (44.4%(114/257)), lethargy or irritability (39.3%(101/257)), vomiting (30.4%(78/257)), abdominal pain or tenderness (20.6%(53/257)), hepatomegaly (2.3%(6/257)), bleeding tendency (59.5%(153/257)), and pleural effusion or ascites (43.6%(112/257)). Platelet count levels were decreased in 90.9%(231/254) of the cases, and 97.1%(234/241) of patients had normal or decreased hematocrit. The most common of severe manifestations were severe organ involvement (61.1%(157/257)), followed by severe bleeding (37.0%(95/257)) and severe plasma leakage (30.0%(77/257)). Severe organ involvements were more common in the kidney (27.6%(71/257)) and heart (26.8%(69/257)). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio ( OR)=1.051, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.004 to 1.100, P=0.035), hypertension ( OR=5.224, 95% CI 1.272 to 21.462, P=0.022), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level ( OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.003, P=0.001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ( OR=1.050, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.098, P=0.030), and international normalized ratio (INR) ( OR=4.604, 95% CI 1.601 to 13.238, P=0.005) were risk factors for the development of multiple organ failure in SD patients. The detection results of serum samples form 113 SD patients in acute phase showed that dengue virus (DENV)-1 accounted for 89.4%(101/113), DENV-2 accounted for 9.7%(11/113), and DENV-3 accounted for 0.9% (1/113). Conclusions:Elderly and those with co-existing conditions such as hypertension in SD patients in Guangdong Province are more common. Severe organ involvement such as kidney and heart is the main cause of SD. DENV-1 infection is predominant. Significant elevated levels of AST, BUN and INR may be related to a poor prognosis.