Objective:To investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection combined with human adipose derived stem cells (hADSC) on the survival rate of autologous fat granules implanted in nude mice.Methods:A total of 24 healthy 8 weeks old female nude mice weighing (23±3) g were randomly divided into four groups ( n=6): Group A was given fat granules 0.5 ml; Group B: fat granules 0.5 ml+ hADSC; Group C: Salvia miltiorrhiza 0.5 g/(kg·d) + fat granules 0.5 ml, and Group D: Salvia miltiorrhiza injection 0.5 g/(kg·d) + fat granules + enrichment. 3 nude mice were randomly selected from each group for 15 days after transplantation and stained with conventional HE. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to count the number of microvessels. On the 30th day after surgery, the remaining 3 nude mice in each group were sacrificed. The specimens were stained with HE and the volume of each specimen was measured. Results:Graft appearance was observed by naked eye: 15 days after the operation, all the specimens were formed completely. The new capillaries were shaped on the surface of the capsule. The boundaries of the capsule and the surrounding tissue were obvious. The activity was good, the hardness of the texture was medium, and the loose connective tissue was connected to the surrounding tissue. On the 30 day after operation, the volume of the graft was smaller than that at the beginning of transplantation, and fat liquefaction and necrosis were seen in some tissues. Blood vessel density values of immunohistochemical sections of fat transplantation in each group 15 days after surgery were compared pairwisely. The differences between the groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Lsd-t method was used for pairwise comparison of fat graft volume values of each group 30 days after surgery, and the difference between each group was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined use of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection and hADSCs can effectively promote the reconstruction of the early vascular system of the fat granule transplantation and improve the survival rate of fat particles more effectively than the individual use.