OBJECTIVE: To investigate the infection of leptospirosa of host animals and the immune level of healthy population in flood areas. METHODS: Korth culture was used to culture leptospira for rodent kidney and oxen urine sample. The serogroups of leptospira and leptospira antibody were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). RESULTS: In flood regions, draw-near-flood region, and new migration region, rodent density was 6.95%, 6.28%, and 8.67%, respectively. The positive rates of rodent with leptospira was 4.63%, 1.35%, and 3.13%, respectively. Leptospira positive rates of oxen urine were 5.88%, 5.98%, and 1.75%, respectively. The main serogroup of leptospira was Icterhamorrhagic and Canicola serogroup. The positive rates of leptospirosa antibody in healthy population was 45.91%, 62.30%, and 58.67%in these 3 regions respectively, which was significantly higher than the average level in China. The dominant serogroups of leptospira in health population were icterhamorrhagic, autumnalis, canicola, pomona and bataviae. The positive rate of antibody had no difference among different age groups. CONCLUSION The main host animals are rodents and oxen infected with leptospira and the positive rate of leptospira antibody is high in healthy population in the study area. The dominant serogroups in host animals are similar to that in healthy population, which is mostly icterhaemorrhagic.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; urine ; Cattle ; China ; epidemiology ; Disasters ; Floods ; Humans ; Leptospira interrogans ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rats ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

Objective To investigate the influence of internal and external sphincter loss synergy on stress distributions and urine flow rates of lower urinary tract organs and tissues. Methods Based on collodion slice, the geometric model of the lower urinary tract was reconstructed, and finite element model of the lower urinary tract with muscle active force was established. Through fluid structure coupling simulation, the changes of tissue stress and urine flow rate were simulated under four conditions: normal contraction of internal and external sphincter, total loss of muscle active force and single loss of muscle active force for internal and external sphincters at the end of urination. Results The urethral stress changes in normal contraction of internal and external sphincter muscles were the same as the clinically measured urethral pressure changes. Compared with normal contraction, when the internal sphincter lost its muscle active force alone, stress of the internal sphincter and the urethra of the prostate was reduced by 33.6% and 13.8%, and flow rate of urine in this position was also reduced. When the external sphincter lost its muscle active force alone, the urethral stress of the external sphincter and external urethra was reduced by 59.5% and 24.03%, respectively. When the internal and external sphincter lost muscle active force, stress of the internal sphincter, the prostate, the external sphincter and the external urethra were reduced by 38.77%, 18.6%, 63.58%, 29.74%, respectively, and flow velocity in the corresponding position was also reduced. Conclusions Internal and external sphincter loss synergy resulted in the difference of tissue stress and urine flow rate. The results can provide the theoretical basis for surgical treatment of urinary incontinence caused by sphincter.