Objective:To explore the status quo and influencing factors of self-management behavior of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the ABC-X model.Methods:Totally 315 DR patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Ophthalmology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May to September 2022 were selected by convenience sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). A total of 315 questionnaires were distributed, and 305 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.8%.Results:The SDSCA, DDS and SSRS scores of 305 DR patients were (39.59±9.49), (37.44±10.53) and (37.42±3.65), respectively; self-management behavior was positively correlated with the number of hospitalizations and social support ( P<0.01), negatively correlated with psychological distress ( P<0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the type of residence, course of disease, number of hospitalizations, psychological distress of diabetes and social support were the influencing factors of self-management behavior of DR patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The level of self-management behavior of DR patients is yet to be improved. Medical and nursing staff should provide targeted interventions to improve their quality of life and prognosis.