Objective To study the risk of bloodstream infection in relation with peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) in hospitalized non-cancer patients.Methods Clinical data of 172 non-cancer patients admitted to our hospital for PICC were collected.The risk of PICC-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in domestic hospitalized non-cancer patients was analyzed and systematically assessed.Results Of the 183 PICCs placed in 172 patients included in this study,61.7％ were placed in general wards,38.3％ were placed in ICU,87.8％ were placed in combination with indwelling urinary catheter,29.7％ were placed in combination with mechanical ventilation.The median PICC indwelling time was 35 days.CRBSI occurred in 6 patients with an incidence of 0.6/1000 PICCs/day.The risk of CRBSI was centralized in domestic tumor patients after PICC.The reported CRBSI was significantly different in hospitalized non-cancer patients (0.26-33.10/100 PICC).Conclusion The risk of CRBSI is lower in hospitalized patients after PICC placement than after traditional central venous catheter placement.Further studies are needed to assess its value in ICU.