Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (GnRH-ant) fixed protocol with GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol in infertile patients with normal ovarian reserve function in their first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle,and to explore the feasibility and advantage of GnRH antagonist protocol performed in normal responders.MethodsFrom January 2011 to June 2011,771 infertile women with normal ovarian reserve function underwent their first IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in Peking University Third Hospital,which were divided into 245 cycles in GnRH-ant fixed protocol group ( GnRH-ant group) and 526 cycles in GnRH-a long protocol group ( GnRH-a group).The data of general demographic,treatment and clinical outcome were compared between two groups.ResultsAge,infertile duration,body mass index (BMI),baseline serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels between two groups did not reached statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).The level of estradiol was (12 289 ± 6856) pmol/L in GnRH-ant group and (14934±8007)pmol/L in GnRH-a group at day of hCG injection.The mean length of stimulation was ( 10.3 ± 1.2) days in GnRH-ant group and ( 12.8 ± 1.6) days in GnRH-a group.The dose of gonadotropin was (2013 ± 607 ) U in GnRH-ant group and (2646 ± 913 ) U in GnRH-a group.The number of ovum was 15 ± 7 in GnRH-ant group and 17 ± 8 in GnRh-a group.Those clinical parameter all reached statistical difference (P ＜0.05 ).The number of embryo was 7 ±4 in GnRH-ant group and 8 ± 5 in GnRH-a group,the rate of clinical pregnancy was 40.9％ (94/230) in GnRH-ant group and 45.6％ (216/474)in GnRH-a group,the rate of implantation was 26.1％ (128/490)in GnRH-ant group and 30.9％ (307/994) in GnRH-a group,the rate of continuing pregnancy was 38.7％ ( 89/230 ) in GnRH-ant group and 42.6％ (202/474) in GnRH-a group,those parameter did not reach statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The rate of moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was 2.4％ ( 6/245 ) in GnRH-ant group and 4.2％ (22/526) in GnRH-a group,which did not show significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionIn the first IVF or ICSI cycle of the patients with normal ovarian reserve function,the fixed GnRH-ant protocol could get the same satisfied clinical outcome,and it is more economic,convenient and safer compared with low dose depot GnRH-a long protocol.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Futongning Granules for the treatment of functional abdominal pain in children. Methods A total of 187 children with functional abdominal pain were randomized into treatment group(N = 122)and control group(N = 65). The treatment group was treated with Futongning Granules and the control group was treated with Compound Pepsin Powder. The gastrointestinal syndrome scores of the two groups were observed, and the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after treatment. Results (1)The total effective rate and the effective rate for syndromes of abdominal internal cold, spleen-stomach deficiency cold, indigestion induced by milk and food stagnation, liver-Qi stagnation, blood collateral obstruction, gastrointestinal heat stagnation in the treatment group were 92.3％, 92.9％, 95.0％, 95.2％, 90.3％, 85.7％, 90.0％, and those in the control group were 71.0％, 69.2％, 69.2％, 86.7％, 66.7％, 50.0％, 60.0％, respectively. The total effective rate and the effective rate for various syndromes in the treatment group were superior to those of the control group (P < 0.05). (2) After treatment, gastrointestinal syndrome scores of various syndromes and overall scores in the two groups were obviously decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), and the decrease in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The results of 6-month follow-up showed that the clinical efficacy during the follow-up in the treatment group was better than that in the control group(P < 0.05), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Futongning Granules exert certain effect for the treatment of functional abdominal pain in children, and are effective for significantly relieving clinical symptoms and reducing the recurrence of disease.

Objective According to the CT or MRI images of lumbar disc herniation (LDH),a simple and accurate coordinate partitioning method for describing the size and location of protrusions based on CT value was proposed.This method can provide a reference for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of LDH.Method The system was developed by experienced clinicians and imaging experts.In this system,CT and MR data of patients with LDH was analyzed,and classified by coordinate partition according to the degree of LDH.According to the lumbar disc anatomical and clinical features,the protrusions were located in X axis,Y axis,and Z axis.Results In this system,the position of the protrusions in the spinal canal was respectively partitioned from X axis (horizontal plane),Y axis (sagittal plane) and Z axis (coronal plane),where the X and Y axes were divided into 8 zones (-4 to 4) and the Z axis was divided into 4 zones (1 to 4).The size,i.e.the degree of protrusions,was described by the sum of the absolute values of the corresponding position zones.The greater the value,the more serious of the protrusion is.Conclusion The method of coordinate partitioning based on CT value can well reflect the pathological types,precise position and degree of LDH,and thus provide references for the diagnosis and the selection of surgical methods and surgical occasion of LDH.

Zebrafish is a novel model organism for drug metabolism research because of its small size, easy feeding, low reproduction cost and high reproduction rate.This paper outlines the construction of zebrafish metabolic model, illustrating the advantages of zebrafish model with high genetic similarity to human, well-developed enzyme system, and low substrate effect; and then reviews the application of zebrafish model in the synthesis of various new psychoactive substances such as cannabinoids, fentanyl, piperazines, and synthetic cathinones.The common metabolic reactions in zebrafish, including phase I (oxidation, N-demethylation, O-deethylation, hydroxylation and N-desalkylation) and phase II (sulfation and glucuronidation) reactions, are summarized, and the differences between the metabolites of zebrafish and those of real human body fluid samples are mainly related to the types of enzymes.This paper also points out the great potential and further research trends of zebrafish model in the study of new psychoactive substances.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) on the excretion of cytotoxin-effecting molecule of alveolar macrophages (AM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and NO in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the cultured supernatants of AM in 35 patients with NSCLC were measured by ELISA and enzyme method,and levels of TNF-alpha and NO in the cultured supernatants of AM after being cultivated with IFN-alpha, G-Rh2, and IFN-alpha+G-Rh2 were measured by the same method. RESULTS: AM in all the non-small cell lung cancer patients produced TNF-alpha and NO. The activity of TNF-alpha and NO was lower in the BALF and in the cultured supernatants of AM of the tumor-bearing lungs than that of the non-tumor-bearing lungs. The concentrations of TNF-alpha and NO in the cultured supernatants of AM cultivated with G-Rh2 were higher than those in the control (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the G-Rh2 group and IFN-alpha group (P>0.05). The concentrations of TNF-alpha and NO in the cultured supernatants of AM cultivated with both G-Rh2 and IFNalpha were obviously higher than those stimulated with IFNalpha or G-Rh2 (P<0.01) alone. CONCLUSION G-Rh2 can enhance the excretion of cytotoxin-effecting molecules of AM in patients with NSCLC. The changes are more distinctive when G-Rh2 and IFNalpha have coordinated action.
Adult ; Aged ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; immunology ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; immunology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the changes of tight junction (TJ) protein occludin expression between the mierovascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of rats after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Ninety-three male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and experimental group; rats of the experimental group were divided into 6 subgroups (6, 24, 48 and 72 h, and 7 and 14 d after intraeerebral hemorrhage). Rat models of intracerebral hemorrhage in the experimental group were established by autologous blood injection.Morphology of the brain tissues was detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The tight junctions between the microvascular endothelial cells of the BBB were sampled for ultrastructural observation using electron microcopy.Immunofluorescence and quantitative real time-PCR were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expressions of occludin,respectively. Results The brain edema was found in brain tissues around the hematoma. Necrosis and inflammatory infiltration could be found in perihematomal brain tissues and it was most obvious at 48 h after intracerebral hemorrhage. Obvious paracellular clefts were found between the adjacent endothelial cells in experimental groups. Strong expression of occludin was noted in the normal brain tissue; expression of occludin was positive 6 h after the injection and weak positive at 24, 48 and 72 h after the injection in the experimental groups.Quantitative real time-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of occludin in the experimental group was significantly reduced as compared with the normal brain tissue at 6,24,48 and 72 h after the injection with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05). Conclusion After intra-cerebral hemorrhage,as a major component of TJ of the BBB,occludin expression is down-regulated,which may be one of the most impotant molecular basis of disruption of BBB.

[Objective]To explore the distribution and expression changes of tight junctional protein JAM-1 in rat models after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their significance.[Methods]One hundred and twenty-eighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=16) and ICH group (n=112),and the ICH models were induced by stereotactically injecting 75 uL autologous blood into the right caudate nucleus.Seven time points after ICH (6,12,24 and 48 h,and 3,7 and 14 d after ICH,16 rats for each time point) were chosen.BBB permeability was evaluated by Evans blue dye extravasation.The distribution and expression of JAM-1 were detected by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR.[Results] As compared with that in the normal control group,BBB permeability in the ICH group significantly increased at 24 and 48 h,and 3 and 7 d after ICH (P＜0.05).JAM-1 expression decreased at blood vessels at 12,24 and 48 h after ICH,and JAM-1 expressed at the circulatingleukocytes3 dafterlCH,and abundant JAM-1 positive cells around hematoma were noted in the ED-l-positve macrophages 7 d after ICH.JAM-I mRNA significantly decreased at 12,24 and 48 h after ICH,and significantly increased 7 d after ICH as compared with that in the normal control group (P＜0.05).[Conclusion] JAM-1 experssion changes not only participate in regulation of BBB permeability but also play roles in inflammatory insult after ICH.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 endoscopic spine surgeries on the biomechanical properties of normal and osteoporotic spines. Methods: Based on computed tomography images of a healthy adult volunteer, 6 finite element models were created. After validating the normal intact model, a concentrated force of 400 N and a moment of 7.5 Nm were exerted on the upper surface of L3 to simulate 6 physiological activities of the spine. Five types of indices were used to assess the biomechanical properties of the 6 models, range of motion (ROM), maximum displacement value, intervertebral disc stress, maximum stress value, and articular protrusion stress, and by combining them with finite element stress cloud. Results: In normal and osteoporotic spines, there was no meaningful change in ROM or disc stress in the 2 surgical models for the 6 motion states. Model N1 (osteoporotic percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy model) showed a decrease in maximum displacement value of 20.28% in right lateral bending. Model M2 (unilateral biportal endoscopic model) increased maximum displacement values of 16.88% and 17.82% during left and right lateral bending, respectively. The maximum stress value of L4–5 increased by 11.72% for model M2 during left rotation. In addition, using the same surgical approach, ROM, maximum displacement values, disc stress, and maximum stress values were more significant in the osteoporotic model than in the normal model. Conclusion In both normal and osteoporotic spines, both surgical approaches were less disruptive to the physiologic structure of the spine. Furthermore, using the same endoscopic spine surgery, normal spine biomechanical properties are superior to osteoporotic spines.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 endoscopic spine surgeries on the biomechanical properties of normal and osteoporotic spines. Methods: Based on computed tomography images of a healthy adult volunteer, 6 finite element models were created. After validating the normal intact model, a concentrated force of 400 N and a moment of 7.5 Nm were exerted on the upper surface of L3 to simulate 6 physiological activities of the spine. Five types of indices were used to assess the biomechanical properties of the 6 models, range of motion (ROM), maximum displacement value, intervertebral disc stress, maximum stress value, and articular protrusion stress, and by combining them with finite element stress cloud. Results: In normal and osteoporotic spines, there was no meaningful change in ROM or disc stress in the 2 surgical models for the 6 motion states. Model N1 (osteoporotic percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy model) showed a decrease in maximum displacement value of 20.28% in right lateral bending. Model M2 (unilateral biportal endoscopic model) increased maximum displacement values of 16.88% and 17.82% during left and right lateral bending, respectively. The maximum stress value of L4–5 increased by 11.72% for model M2 during left rotation. In addition, using the same surgical approach, ROM, maximum displacement values, disc stress, and maximum stress values were more significant in the osteoporotic model than in the normal model. Conclusion In both normal and osteoporotic spines, both surgical approaches were less disruptive to the physiologic structure of the spine. Furthermore, using the same endoscopic spine surgery, normal spine biomechanical properties are superior to osteoporotic spines.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 endoscopic spine surgeries on the biomechanical properties of normal and osteoporotic spines. Methods: Based on computed tomography images of a healthy adult volunteer, 6 finite element models were created. After validating the normal intact model, a concentrated force of 400 N and a moment of 7.5 Nm were exerted on the upper surface of L3 to simulate 6 physiological activities of the spine. Five types of indices were used to assess the biomechanical properties of the 6 models, range of motion (ROM), maximum displacement value, intervertebral disc stress, maximum stress value, and articular protrusion stress, and by combining them with finite element stress cloud. Results: In normal and osteoporotic spines, there was no meaningful change in ROM or disc stress in the 2 surgical models for the 6 motion states. Model N1 (osteoporotic percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy model) showed a decrease in maximum displacement value of 20.28% in right lateral bending. Model M2 (unilateral biportal endoscopic model) increased maximum displacement values of 16.88% and 17.82% during left and right lateral bending, respectively. The maximum stress value of L4–5 increased by 11.72% for model M2 during left rotation. In addition, using the same surgical approach, ROM, maximum displacement values, disc stress, and maximum stress values were more significant in the osteoporotic model than in the normal model. Conclusion In both normal and osteoporotic spines, both surgical approaches were less disruptive to the physiologic structure of the spine. Furthermore, using the same endoscopic spine surgery, normal spine biomechanical properties are superior to osteoporotic spines.