OBJECTIVE: To assess relationships between cold spells and genitourinary hospitalization risk. METHODS: Hospitalization records for genitourinary system diseases (GUDs) from 16 districts in Beijing (2013-2018) were analyzed. Cold spells were defined based on varying intensity thresholds. A two-stage analytical method was employed: first, generalized linear models assessed district-specific associations between cold spells and hospitalizations; second, random-effects meta-analysis aggregated the district-level results. Subgroup analyses were performed by admission type (emergency vs. outpatient), age, and sex. RESULTS: A total of 271,579 GUD-related hospitalizations were recorded. Cold spells (p1day2，daily mean temperature below the 1 ^st percentiles of the daily mean temperature distribution from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018, lasting for two or more consecutive days) were linked to a significant rise in hospitalization risks: 1.43 (95% CI: 1.32-1.56) for all GUDs, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.23-1.49) for urinary system diseases, and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.28-1.67) for renal failure, when compared to non-cold spell days. Emergency admissions showed higher risk increases than outpatient admissions. CONCLUSION Extreme cold spells significantly elevate hospitalization risks for GUDs. This highlights the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to mitigate cold-related health impacts, especially for vulnerable populations.
Humans ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data* ; Male ; Female ; Cold Temperature/adverse effects* ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Child ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Female Urogenital Diseases/etiology* ; Male Urogenital Diseases/etiology* ; Infant, Newborn ; Risk Factors

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of drug-containing serum of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on the activity and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of lung cancer cells. Methods Drug-containing serum of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction with low-dose (BZ-L group), medium-dose (BZ-M group), and high-dose (BZ-H group) were prepared through gastric lavage in SD rats to intervene lung cancer cells. CCK-8 assay, Edu cell proliferation assay, cell clone formation assay, cell scratch assay, and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer A549 and HCC827 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the impacts of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on lung cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle, and VM experiments in vitro were conducted to assess the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on angiogenesis in lung cancer cells. Differentially expressed genes between control cells and drug-intervened cells were detected by RNA-seq sequencing. Subcutaneous xenografts in mice were established to evaluate the inhibitory effect of gavage therapy of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction on the growth of lung cancer cells in vivo. Results Buzhong Yiqi Decoction inhibited the viability and proliferative activity of A549 and HCC827 cells in a dose-dependent manner, promoted lung cancer cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and induced G₂/M phase arrest. The migration ability of A549 and HCC827 cells was significantly reduced after Buzhong Yiqi Decoction intervention. As the concentration of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction increased, the VM of A549 and HCC827 cells gradually decreased. Compared with control cells, 765 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Buzhong Yiqi Decoction group, with significant downregulation of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 gene expression. Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylation level of the JNK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in A549 and HCC827 cells was gradually inhibited with increasing concentrations of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction. Buzhong Yiqi Decoction significantly reduced the volume and mass of mouse tumors, increased the apoptosis rate in tumor tissues, decreased the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK1, and p-ERK2, and increased the expression of E-cadherin in tumor tissues. Conclusion Buzhong Yiqi Decoction may inhibit the activity and angiogenesis of lung cancer cells by suppressing the activity of the JNK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of parkinsonism. Based on the expert consensus on operation and clinical application of dopamine transporter brain PET imaging technology published in 2020, this paper further recommends the relevant elements of result interpretation of presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging.

OBJECTIVE: High glucose (HG) can influence the osteogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-exo) have broad application prospects in tissue healing. The current study aimed to explore whether hUCMSC-exo could promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs under HG conditions and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: We used a 30 mmol/L glucose concentration to simulate HG conditions. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the effect of hUCMSC-exo on the proliferation of hPDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, and qRT-PCR were performed to evaluate the pro-osteogenic effect of hUCMSC-exo on hPDLSCs. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS: The results of the CCK-8 assay, ALP staining, ALP activity, and qRT-PCR assay showed that hUCMSC-exo significantly promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. The Western blot results revealed that hUCMSC-exo significantly increased the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT in cells, and the effect was inhibited by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or MK2206 (AKT inhibitor), respectively. Moreover, the increases in osteogenic indicators induced by hUCMSC-exo were significantly suppressed by LY294002 and MK2206. CONCLUSION hUCMSC-exo promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs under HG conditions through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Glucose/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Sincalide/pharmacology* ; Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Umbilical Cord/metabolism*

Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Ear Diseases/diagnosis* ; Ear, Middle ; Eustachian Tube ; Humans ; Myoclonus ; Otitis Media

Objective: To observe the effect of Prunellae Spica extracts (PS) on the lipid metabolism in Zuker Diabetes Fatty (ZDF) rats based on AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC) signaling pathway.Method: The 32 male ZDF (fa/fa) type 2 diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group (180 mg·kg^-1·d^-1),and low and high-dose PS groups (12.25,24.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1),with 8 in each group.8 male Zuker Lean (ZL) rats were selected as normal group.Body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored at the 0^th,4^th and 8^th weeks after administration.After 8 weeks,abdominal aorta blood was collected,serum was frozen at-20℃ by centrifugation,liver tissue was frozen at-80℃,fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin.Serum triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (CHO),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Fat droplets in hepatocytes were measured by oil red O staining.Gene expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha 2(AMPKα₂),Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).Protein expressions of p-AMPKα were observed by immuno-histochemical (IHC) method.Result: Compared with the normal group,the T2DM model group showed significant increases in serum levels of TG,CHO,LDL-C,FFA and lipid droplets in hepatocytes.AMPKα₂ mRNA expression was decreased,while ACC1 and ACC2 mRNA expressions were increased significantly.p-AMPKα protein expression in liver was decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,low and high-dose Ps groups showed significant decreases in serum levels of TG,CHO,LDL-C,FFA and lipid droplets in hepatocytes in ZDF rats,up-regulation in mRNA expression of AMPKα₂,down-regulation in mRNA expressions of ACC1 and ACC2,and up-regulation in protein expression of p-AMPKα(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:PS can effectively improve liver lipid metabolism in ZDF rats.Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in liver.

AIM To optimize the aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from Astragali Radix and to evaluate the in vitro antitumor activity.METHODS With extraction temperature,extraction time and solid-liquid ratio as influencing factors,extraction rate of polysaccharides as an evaluation index,the extraction was optimized by uniform design.The effect of polysaccharides on the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells,the apoptosis rate and cell cycle of NCI-H460 cells,and the expressions of Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by MTT assay,flow cytometry and Western blot,respectively.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 100 ℃ for extraction temperature,1 h for extraction time,and 1 ∶ 35 for solid-liquid ratio,the extraction rate of polysaccharides was 3.62％.Compared with the control group,the proliferation of NCI-H460 cells was significandy inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.01),the S phase ratio,early apoptosis rate,late apoptosis rate and total apoptosis rate were markedly increased (P ＜ 0.01),and the Caspase-3 expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were also obviously increased (P ＜ 0.01) in the polysaccharides group.CONCLUSION This fast,stable and reliable method can be used for the aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from Astragali Radix,which can significantly inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460 cells and induce apoptosis of NCI-H460 cells.