Objective To explore the method for establishing a pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model. Methods A total of 4 male Yorkshire pigs weighing (40.0±2.5) kg underwent surgical procedures, including anesthesia, tracheal intubation, donor lung procurement, and recipient lung transplantation. Histological morphology and blood gas analysis of the transplanted lungs were assessed 2 hours after reperfusion to evaluate the histological changes and function of the transplanted lungs. Results The pigs underwent left lung in situ transplantation, effectively simulating conditions relevant to human lung transplantation. Two hours after the transplantation, arterial blood gas analysis showed that arterial partial pressure of oxygen was 155.4-178.6 mm Hg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 53.1-62.4 mm Hg, and the oxygenation index was 310.8-357.2 mm Hg. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated a low degree of pulmonary edema and minimal cellular infiltration. Conclusion The pig left lung orthotopic transplantation model possesses strong operability and stability. Researchers can replicate this model according to the described methods and further conduct basic research and explore clinical translational applications.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of different right lung volume reduction techniques when the donor lung is oversized and mismatched with the recipient. Methods Clinical data of 10 recipients who underwent right lung volume reduction lung transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2022 to June 2024 were collected, including gender, age, primary disease type, and type of transplantation. A retrospective analysis was performed on postoperative complications within 90 days, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, and survival status to explore the impact of different volume reduction techniques on the survival rate of lung transplant recipients. Results A total of 10 right lung volume reduction recipients were included in this study, with 2 cases of upper lobe reduction, 7 cases of middle lobe reduction, and 1 case of lower lobe reduction. Three recipients developed airway complications (one each with upper, middle, and lower lobe reduction). The 30-day survival rate was 90% and the 1-year survival rate was 70%. One recipient with upper lobe reduction died of septic shock during the perioperative period, one with lower lobe reduction died of airway anastomotic fistula 2 months after surgery, and one with middle lobe reduction died of renal insufficiency 1 year after surgery. All 7 recipients with middle lobe reduction successfully passed the perioperative period, with one case of airway anastomotic stenosis (1/7). The average duration of mechanical ventilation was 71 hours, and the average hospital stay was 26 days. The 30-day survival rate was 7/7, and the 1-year survival rate was 6/7. Conclusions Middle lobe reduction in right lung transplantation surgery has the advantages of low incidence of airway complications, good safety, and minimal loss of lung function, and may be a better right lung volume reduction option with potential for application.

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture therapy provides a complementary and alternative approach to treating major depressive disorder (MDD), but its efficacy and safety have still not been comprehensively assessed. Recently published systematic reviews remain confusing and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy alone or combined with antidepressants for adult patients with mild and moderate MDD. SEARCH STRATEGY: Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inceptions to March 2025. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that compared acupuncture therapy with antidepressants, or acupuncture therapy plus antidepressants with acupuncture therapy or antidepressants for adult patients with mild and moderate MDD were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Five reviewers independently extracted data from original literature using a standardized form, and the data were verified by two reviewers to ensure accuracy. Statistical meta-analyses, publication bias analyses, and subgroup analyses were performed by using Review Manager 5.3 software. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: A total of 60 eligible studies including 4675 participants were included. Low-certainty evidence showed that compared with antidepressants, acupuncture therapy (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-0.87, -0.27]; I² = 86%; P = 0.006) or acupuncture therapy plus antidepressants (SMD = -1.00; 95% CI = [-1.18, -0.81]; I² = 77%; P < 0.00001) may reduce the severity of depression at the end of treatment. Low-certainty evidence indicated that compared with acupuncture therapy alone, acupuncture therapy plus antidepressants slightly reduced the severity of depression at the end of treatment (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI = [-0.61, -0.14]; I² = 18%; P = 0.002). Similar results were also found for acupuncture's relief of insomnia. The reported adverse effects of acupuncture therapy were mild and transient. For most of the subgroup analyses, acupuncture type, scale type, and the course of treatment did not show a significant relative effect. CONCLUSION Acupuncture therapy may provide antidepressant effects and relieve insomnia with mild adverse effects for adult patients with mild and moderate MDD. But the certainty of evidence was very low. More high-quality, well designed, large-scale studies with long-term follow-up are needed in the future. Please cite this article as: Kuang HJ, Yang HS, Feng YX, Tang H, Fan Q, Xu YQ, Cui S, Musil R, Luxenburger H, Zhang YX, Zhao H, Zhang YQ. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapies for adult patients with mild and moderate major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):471-491.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy* ; Adult ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Objective:In order to clarify the ABO phenotype and genotype,and explore the molecular biological mechanism,serological detection,genotyping and gene sequencing were performed on an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage patient with inconsistent forward and reverse ABO blood typing.Methods:ABO forward and reverse blood typing,H antigen identification,capillary centrifugation test and salivary substance detection were performed by classical serological method,moreover,polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP)was used for ABO genotyping,ABO gene 1-7 exons were sequenced by Sanger analysis in order to identify mutation.Results:Mixed field agglutination with anti-A,anti-AB and no agglutination with anti-A1 were appeared in the forward typing tests,agglutination with B cells but no agglutination with A1 cells and O cells were appeared in the reverse typing tests.3+agglutination strength was showed with anti-H.In capillary centrifugation experiment,erythrocyte after isolation in proximal part and distal end had same strength of agglutination with anti-A.Substances A and H were detected in saliva.The patient was assigned an A3 phenotype according to serological characteristics.Sequencing results of ABO gene 1-7 exons showed c.261delG,c.467C＞T,c.865A＞G,in which,865A＞G was the first discovered mutation,and this new mutation had been submitted to GenBank with accession number PP187306.Conclusion:A novel site mutation c.865A＞G is reported in this study,and this new mutation can result in a replacement of Met with Val at residue 289(p.Met289Val)and lead to an A3 phenotype.

Objective:To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening status and the resulting residual risk (RR) among blood donors across 17 provincial blood centers in China.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study. Data on HIV infection markers per 100 000 first-time donors (FD) and repeat donors (RD) from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Blood Establishment Performance Comparison Information Management System. Questionnaires were used to collect each center′s HIV screening strategy, algorithm, serological test (ST) kit manufacturers, gray-zone setting for ST, and nucleic acid test (NAT) modality, method, and platform. The incidence-window-period model was used to calculate the residual risk for first-time donors (RR FD), repeat donors (RR RD), and total donors (RR TD) at each center. Horizontal and vertical analysis of RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD across centers and years were performed. Results:All 17 centers applied the same HIV screening strategy which was two rounds of ST followed by one round of NAT. Eight of them operated a single screening algorithm, six employed two algorithms and three used three. Eleven centers used both imported and domestic ST kits, five relied on domestic ST kits only, and one used imported ST kits only, while four centers never set a grey zone for ST throughout the decade. For NAT modalities, eight centers adopted both individual nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) and minipool nucleic acid test (MP-NAT), eight used MP-NAT only and one used ID-NAT only. Seven centers combined transcription mediated amplification (TMA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nine used PCR only and one used TMA only, and fourteen centers ran both imported and domestic NAT systems, two used imported systems only and one used a domestic system only. Over the ten-year period, the mean RR FD across the centers ranged from 2.22 to 12.33 per 10 6 person-years, RR RD from 0.83 to 3.29 per 10 6 person-years and RR TD from 1.59 to 9.29 per 10 6 person-years, with center Z4 consistently showing the lowest values for all three metrics and center U4 recording the highest RR FD and RR TD, while center D2 had the highest RR RD. In 2024 compared with 2015, eleven centers achieved a lower RR FD and ten centers achieved lower RR RD and RR TD. The RR FD and RR TD of centers W2 and U4 displayed pronounced fluctuations and an upward trend in recent years. Conclusions:The 17 provincial blood centers maintain consistent HIV screening strategies, while demonstrating variations in screening algorithm, ST kit manufacturers, NAT modalities, methods, and platform. And the RR FD, RR RD, and RR TD differ across centers. Although most centers show declining trend in RR over the ten-year period, some centers exhibite data fluctuations with a rising trend, suggesting potential for further optimization of HIV screening protocols.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of shortening the time of long exercise test (LET) from 120 to 60 minutes by analyzing the positive rate within 60 minutes among periodic paralysis (PP) patients who were positive in 120-minute test.Methods:The data of patients undergoing 120-minute LET from January 2015 to October 2021 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, with 30%, 33%, and 40% as diagnostic cut-off values, respectively. PP patients with positive results within 120 minutes after exercise were enrolled in the study. The positive rate within 30 minutes and 60 minutes after exercise was calculated. The change rates of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and the sensitivity and specificity of LET at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after exercise were analyzed. The change rate of CMAP amplitude in PP patients who did not show positive results within 60 minutes was further calculated.Results:A total of 254 patients were examined, including 114 PP patients. With 30%, 33%, and 40% as diagnostic cut-off values, the results showed that there were 88, 88, and 82 positive PP patients, respectively. Under each diagnostic cut-off values, the age of positive PP patients was (32±10) years, with a male proportion of 98% (86/88), 98% (86/88), and 99% (81/82), respectively; the positive rate of PP patients within 30 minutes after exercise was 60% (53/88), 58% (51/88), and 41% (34/82), respectively; the positive rate of PP patients within 60 minutes after exercise was 91% (80/88), 86% (76/88), and 83% (68/82), respectively. At the cut-off values of 30%, 33% and 40%, the change rate of CMAP amplitude at 30 minutes [-36% (-49%, -23%), -36% (-49%, -23%), -37% (-51%, -24%)], 60 minutes [-51% (-66%, -40%), -51% (-66%, -40%), -53% (-66%, -42%)] and 120 minutes [-57% (-67%, -45%), -57% (-67%, -45%), -58% (-67%, -46%)] after exercise showed statistically significant difference among 3 time points ( H=57.764, 57.764, 59.616, respectively, all P<0.001); the further comparison between time points showed that there was statistically significant difference in the change rate of CMAP amplitude between 60 minutes ( Z=5.419, 5.419, 5.531, respectively, all P<0.001), 120 minutes ( Z=7.325, 7.325, 7.431, respectively, all P<0.001) and 30 minutes after exercise, but there was no statistically significant difference in the change rate of CMAP amplitude between 120 minutes and 60 minutes after exercise ( Z=1.906, 1.906, 1.899, respectively, all P>0.05); the sensitivity of LET for the diagnosis of PP at 60 minutes after exercise was 70.2% (80/114), 66.7% (76/114) and 59.6% (68/114), and the specificity of LET for the diagnosis of PP was 77.9% (109/140), 84.3% (118/140) and 91.4%(128/140), respectively. When 30%, 33% and 40% were used as the diagnostic cut-off values, and the change rate of CMAP amplitude at 60 minutes after exercise fell below these cut-off values but showed a decline of ≥20%, ≥22% and ≥24%, respectively, the detection time should be extended to 120 minutes. Conclusions:Whether using 30%, 33%, or 40% as diagnostic cut-off values, it is feasible to shorten the LET time from 120 minutes to 60 minutes. The 60-minute LET has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PP. It is recommended to extend the detection time to 120 minutes for patients with a ≥20%, ≥22%, or ≥24% decline in CMAP amplitude at 60 minutes after exercise while falling short of corresponding diagnostic cut-off values when 30%, 33%, and 40% are used as diagnostic cut-off values. This method can not only improve the examination efficiency of LET, but also minimize the missed diagnosis as much as possible.

This study aims to investigate the effects of Pulsatilla powder(PP)on colonic intestinal flora and tryptophan metabolism in piglets with diarrhea.Twenty-four weaned piglets were ran-domly divided into the normal control group,model group,self-healing group,and PP group.The model of piglet diarrhea was established by the compound factor of external evil+internal injury+epi-demic virus,and treated with PP.During the modeling period,the body weight,mental status and fecal patterns of piglets were monitored daily.After the experiment,the colon tissues were collect-ed for histopathological observation,and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon tis-sue was detected by ELISA,16S rRNA was used to analyze colonic intestinal flora and RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of genes related to tryptophan metabolism in the colon.The results showed that,compared with the model group,PP significantly improved the pathological status of the colon in piglets with diarrhea,with elevated body mass and a significant increase in goblet cells(P＜0.05);and significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon of diar-rhea piglets(P＜0.05).The results of intestinal flora showed that PP increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P＜0.01),Spirochaeota(P＜0.01)and Lactobacillus(P＜0.05),reduced the abun-dance of Bacteroidota(P＜0.05)、Prevotella_NK3B31_group(P＜0.05)and Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1(P＜0.01).Meanwhile,PP significantly reduced the expression level of TPH1 mRNA(P＜0.05),increased the expression levels of AhR(P＜0.05)and IL-22 mRNA in the co-lon of diarrhea piglets.These results indicates that PP may alleviate diarrhea in piglets by regula-ting colonic intestinal flora and genes related to intestinal tryptophan metabolism.This study pro-vides data support for the subsequent investigation of piglet diarrhea prevention and treatment.

This study aims to investigate the effects of Pulsatilla powder(PP)on colonic intestinal flora and tryptophan metabolism in piglets with diarrhea.Twenty-four weaned piglets were ran-domly divided into the normal control group,model group,self-healing group,and PP group.The model of piglet diarrhea was established by the compound factor of external evil+internal injury+epi-demic virus,and treated with PP.During the modeling period,the body weight,mental status and fecal patterns of piglets were monitored daily.After the experiment,the colon tissues were collect-ed for histopathological observation,and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon tis-sue was detected by ELISA,16S rRNA was used to analyze colonic intestinal flora and RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of genes related to tryptophan metabolism in the colon.The results showed that,compared with the model group,PP significantly improved the pathological status of the colon in piglets with diarrhea,with elevated body mass and a significant increase in goblet cells(P＜0.05);and significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon of diar-rhea piglets(P＜0.05).The results of intestinal flora showed that PP increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P＜0.01),Spirochaeota(P＜0.01)and Lactobacillus(P＜0.05),reduced the abun-dance of Bacteroidota(P＜0.05)、Prevotella_NK3B31_group(P＜0.05)and Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1(P＜0.01).Meanwhile,PP significantly reduced the expression level of TPH1 mRNA(P＜0.05),increased the expression levels of AhR(P＜0.05)and IL-22 mRNA in the co-lon of diarrhea piglets.These results indicates that PP may alleviate diarrhea in piglets by regula-ting colonic intestinal flora and genes related to intestinal tryptophan metabolism.This study pro-vides data support for the subsequent investigation of piglet diarrhea prevention and treatment.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of movement disorders.Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Icilin is a small molecule compound that has been reported to inhibit inflammation.Howev-er,its role in PD has not been reported.This study explored the effects of icilin on motor behavior,nerve damage,microglia activation,and neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD Meriones unguic-ulatus by behavioral experiments,immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and fluorescence quantifi-cation.The results showed that Icilin not only ameliorated motor dysfunction and neurological damage in MPTP-induced Meriones unguiculatus,but also inhibited microglia hyperactivation and its mediated neuroinflammation.The present study provides an evidence that icilin attenuates MPTP-induced neurodegenerative lesions in long-pawed gerbils,suggesting that it is a promising candidate for PD.

After continuous development and improvement, lung transplantation has become the preferred means to treat a variety of benign end-stage lung diseases. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces many challenges, including shortage of donor resources, preservation and maintenance of donor lungs, and postoperative complications. Lung tissue samples removed after lung transplantation are excellent clinical resources for the study of benign end-stage lung disease and perioperative complications of lung transplantation. However, at present, the collection, storage and utilization of tissue samples after lung transplantation are limited to a single study, and unified technical specifications have not been formed. Based on the construction plan of the biobank for lung transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, this study reviewed the practical experience in the collection, storage and utilization of lung transplant tissue samples in the aspects of ethical review, staffing, collection process, storage method, quality control and efficient utilization, in order to provide references for lung transplant related research.