ObjectiveTo discuss the application value of high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) characteristics, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging technology and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of soft tissue hemangioma.MethodsTo retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 44 cases of soft tissue hemangioma that were treated in Capital Medical University Affiliate Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from August, 2013 to May, 2014, and to analyze the difference between the characteristics of HFUS, ARFI and CEUS in soft tissue hemangioma and normal surrounding tissue.ResultsHFUS shows the features of morphological diversity of sinus shape expansion tube structure, unclear boundary, irregular configuration, compressibility and partial strong echo in the phlebolith. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDFI), detects abundant interphase red-blue bloodstream signal slowly and consistently. The blood signal is strengthened after partial compression. CDFI shows more vein spectrum in the lesion. The discrepancy of comparison between VTQ and SWV value of soft tissue hemangioma and surrounding muscular tissue possesses statistical significance [(1.082±0.183) m/svs (1.414±0.331) m/s,P<0.01]. Ultrasound contrast can show the relationship between diseased region and surrounding tissue clearly, which is beneficial to the selection of operation method and prognosis.ConclusionThrough conventional two-dimensional ultrasound and high frequency CDFI, and further combining the acoustic pulse radiation ARFI technology and CEUS technology, the soft tissue hemangioma can’t only be more accurately diagnosed, but also provides more reliable diagnostic basis for clinic.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the carious dissolution mechanism of enamel apatite nano-crystals at lattice fringe level and the possible correlation between the carious dissolution and the appearance of central dark line (CDL) in enamel crystals.

METHODSThe body of the lesion in incipient enamel caries was observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JOEL-2010 operating at 200 kv), combined with selected-area argon-ion-beam thinning technique.

RESULTSIn the body of the lesion, the preferential core dissolution was found in most of enamel nano-crystals, whereas the peripheral dissolution of individual crystal could be occasionally observed. The initial carious dissolution of individual enamel apatite crystal occurred as a number of small electron-lucent spots along the central dark line with blurry, bent or disconnected lattice fringes. These small electron-lucent spots fused with each other to form large electron-lucent areas. Finally the central perforation was frequently seen in the crystals. The CDL always appeared in the same place with central perforation in carious crystals, which could be seen to extend along the CDL.

CONCLUSIONSThe initial carious dissolution is directly related to the lattice defects in the enamel nano-crystals. The preferential core dissolution can be partly ascribed to the CDL, which is presumed to be particularly susceptible area to caries.

Dental Caries ; metabolism ; Dental Enamel Solubility ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of sub-micro emulsion composition on cellular uptake and disposition of incorporated lipophilic drug.

METHODSSub-micro emulsions containing 10 % oil, 1.2 % lecithin and 2.25 % glycerol were prepared, and the fluorescent agent coumarin 6 was used as a model drug. The effects of oil types, co-surfactants and cationic lipid on uptake and elimination kinetics of 6-coumarin in HeLa cells were studied. The uptake mechanism of sub-micro emulsions was further investigated.

RESULTSOil type and Tweens had no influence on the cellular uptake. Modifications of surfactants with Span series increased the cellular influx, among which Span 20 with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 8.6 was the best enhancer. The intracellular drug level reached up to (46.09 ± 1.98)ng/μg protein which had significant difference with control group [(38.54 ± 0.34)ng/μg protein]. The positively charged emulsions significantly increased the uptake rate constant and elimination rate constant which were 4 times and 1.5 times of those in anionic groups, respectively. The uptake enhancement was also observed in cationic emulsions, cellular concentrations at plateau were (42.73 ± 0.84)ng/μg protein, which was about 3 times of that in anionic emulsions [(15.71 ± 0.74)ng/μg protein], when extracellular drug concentration kept at 100 ng/ml. Cationic emulsions delivered the payload mainly by direct drug transfer to contacted cells, while the negative ones depended on both drug passive diffusion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis of drug containing oil droplets which accounted for 20% of the intracellular drug.

CONCLUSIONInterfacial characteristic of sub-micro emulsions such as co-surfactants HLB as well as zeta potentials can influence lipophilic drug both in cellular uptake and elimination.

Anions ; Cations ; Coumarins ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; Endocytosis ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Surface-Active Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Thiazoles ; pharmacokinetics

The release behavior of single pellet was investigated by LC/MS/MS method with tamsulosin hydrochloride (TSH) as the model drug of the research and then the pellets were divided into four groups according to the drug loading. Comparison of dissolution profiles of each group and capsule were performed using f1 and f2 factor methods to study the difference and similarity. The release profiles of single pellet, each group and capsule were analyzed using principle component analysis (PCA). The particle system was built through Matlab to get the target release profile. The result of this research demonstrated the release behavior of single pellet correlated well with the drug loading. While the dissolution profile of capsule as a reference, the similarity factor of dissolution profiles of the lower drug loading groups were 62.2, 67.1, 53.9, respectively and, 43.3 for highest drug loading group. The particle systems with different pellet distribution and same release profiles were built through release behavior of single pellet. It is of significance to investigate the release behavior of single pellets for studying the release regularity of multiple-unit drug delivery system.
Capsules ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Liberation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sulfonamides ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective: The cross-sectional study examined associations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old children. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to select 201 children aged 3-5 years, to assess gross motor competence, each child accomplished the Test of Gross Motor Development-3(TGMD-3). The level of physical fitness was measured by National Physical Fitness Test, comprising eight different tasks including height, weight, flexibility(sit-and-reach test), balance (walking on a balance beam), explosive force(Standing long jump), strength(Tennis ball throwing), agility(10-shuttle-run test), strength and coordination(Continuous foot jump). Results: With the increase of age, the scores of locomotor skills，object control skills, gross motor competence, height, weight, walking on a balance beam, continuous foot jump, tennis ball throwing and standing long jump were better(P<0.01). Significant differences were not found in the gross motor competence, locomotor skills, 10-shuttle-run test, continuous foot jump, standing long jump and walking on a balance beam(P>0.05). In the object control skills and tennis ball throwing, the boys showed a greater performance(P<0.01). In the sit-and-reach test, girls showed a greater performance(P<0.01). The results revealed a significant relationship between gross motor competence and the following items: 10-shuttle-run test, continuous foot jump, standing long jump, walking on a balance beam, tennis ball throwing(P<0.05). There were no associations among gross motor competence, BMI(r=0.02), sit-and-reach test(r=0.07). There were no associations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old(r=-0.13-0.21), except for 5 years old children’s object control skills and continuous foot jump(r=0.42). Sex, age, height , BMI (R2=0.05,F=2.62, P>0.05) as well as gross motor competence(△R2=0.04, F=2.00, P>0.05) did not predict physical fitness. Conclusion The results indicated a relationship between motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old. In order to increase the level of physical fitness, the educators should pay attention to the development of children’s gross motor.

Objective To investigate the improvement and effect of the method of islet extraction in mice. Methods According to different islet extraction methods, all mice were randomly divided into the common bile duct puncture group (n=100) and common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection group (combined injection group, n=100). Common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection was utilized as the modified method. The islets were selected and purified under stereomicroscope. The morphology and purification of islets were identified. The islet yield and success rate of islet extraction were statistically compared between two groups. The survival of islets after 1 week culture in vitro was analyzed, and the insulin secretion function of islets after 24 h and 4 d culture in vitro was evaluated. Results Compared with the common bile duct puncture group, the islet yield in the combined injection group was significantly increased (P < 0.001). The success rate of islet extraction in both groups was 83% with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The islets extracted by common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection had intact morphology, high purity and high activity. The survival rate of newly isolated islets was nearly 100% after 24 h culture in vitro. After 1~5 d culture in vitro, the islet cells survived well. After 6 d culture in vitro, the islets showed central death. After culture in vitro for 24 h and 4 d, the islet function of the mice was normal after high glucose stimulation. Conclusions Common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection can increase the islet yield, and the obtained islet cells have high activity and proper function.

OBJECTIVETo compare the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients with chronic appendicitis.

METHODSTwo hundred twenty- four patients were divided into laparoscopic group (n=98) and open appendectomy group (n=126) according to individual willing. Prospective non- randomized study was performed to compare the operative time, operative bleeding, hospitalization time, the discovery and management concerned in operation. Abdominal pain in these chronic appendicitis cases was followed up.

RESULTSThe operative time was (54.8+/-21.8) min in open group and (51.8+/-18.0) min in laparoscopic group (t=0.80,P > 0.05). The operative bleeding was (18.6+/-23.3) ml in open group and (9.8+/-4.7) ml in laparoscopic group (t=3.13, P < 0.05). The hospitalization time was (8.9+/-5.3) d in open group and (6.8+/-3.0) d in laparoscopic group (t=2.66,P < 0.05). Twenty- five cases had abdominal adhesion in laparoscopic group, including 9 cases of adhesion around appendix, 6 cases of adhesion between ileocecum and anterior or lateral abdominal wall, 4 cases of adhesion between epiploon and abdominal wall or intestines, 6 cases of adhesion around colon and others. All adhesion had been dissected. Fourteen cases adhesion around appendix had been discovered in 126 cases of open group and dissected (chi(2) =7.95,P < 0.05). In follow- up research, 24 cases still had chronic abdominal pain in 98 case of open group, and 9 cases had chronic abdominal pain in 87 of laparoscopic group, the difference was significant (chi(2)=6.29,P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe laparoscopic appendectomy possesses more advantages in treating chronic appendicitis and can decrease the incidence of chronic abdominal pain after operation.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Appendectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Appendicitis ; surgery ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To observe effects of Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin in insulin resistance (IR); To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods 6–7 week old male ZDF (fa/fa) rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group,Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group(Jiangtang Tablets group),and metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group.ZDF(fa/+)rats were chosen as normal group.Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage for 6 weeks. Body weight, FBG, TG, TC, FFA, FINS, HOMA-IR, OGTT and HE staining were tested. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skeletal muscle. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect skeletal muscle corresponding gene and protein expression. Results Compared with Jiangtang Tablets group and metformin group, TC, FFA, FBG, and HOMA-IR in metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Blood glucose level and AUC significantly decreased at each time point in OGTT. HE staining of skeletal muscle fibers arranged in order; nucleus increased and internal movement was not significant, without obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells. Expressions of skeletal muscle InsR, Akt, and Glut4 mRNA expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Expressions of skeletal muscle p-InsR, p-Akt, and Glut4 protein expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin can improve IR in type 2 diabetic rats, and the effect is better than single-application.

Objective To analyze the incidence of gallbladder cancer in Qidong City from 1993 to 2012 . Methods The clinical data of gallbladder cancer from January 1993 to December 2012 for patients with census registration in Qidong were sorted out from the cancer registration center in Qidong . Annual percent change ( APC ) models were applied to describe the annual percent changes of disease incidence and the standardized incidence trend over time.The incidence was standardized with the age structure of standard population from a national census taken in 2000 . Results A total of 493 new cases were diagnosed from 1993 to 2012 , occupying 0 .81%of new-onset malignant tumors for the same period . The crude incidence rate of gallbladder cancer was 2 .41/100 000 population and the standardized incidence thereof was 1 .42/100 000 population .Both the crude incidence and the standardized incidence thereof increased on a yearly basis from 1993 to 2012 ( APC=12 .83; APC =12 .04 ) while the annual crude incidence thereof for females increased faster than that for males ( APC=14 .51; APC=10 .60 ) . Old people aged 65 years and above were a high-risk group for gallbladder cancer , occupying 63 .49%of the incidence thereof for all ages . Conclusion The incidence of gallbladder cancer increases in Qidong , Jiangsu province of China on a yearly basis from 1993 to 2012 , with the incidence thereof for females increasing faster than that for males .

Objective To analyze the incidence of gastric cancer in Qidong , Jiangsu Province from 1993 to 2012 and analyze the harmful levels and the clinical characteristics thereof , thus providing bases of implementing the prevention , research and control measures for gastric cancer . Methods The clinical data of gastric cancer from January 1993 to December 2012 for patients with census registration in Qidong were sorted out from the cancer registration center in Qidong .The annual percent change ( APC) model was used to analyze the trend over time for the incidence of gastric cancer .The incidence was standardized by utilizing the standard population age composition based on the nationwide census in 2000 . Results A total of 8 272 new cases of gastric cancer were diagnosed in Qidong from 1993 to 2012, and the median age for these patients was 67.92(57.50-76.00).Among them, 5 269 were male cases and the median age for these male patients was 67.25(57.75-74.75);3 003 were female cases and the median age for these female patients was 69.16(57.00-77.91).The annual average for the crude incidence rate of gastric cancer was 40.37/100 000, and the standardized incidence rate thereof was 25.22.37/100 000.The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer decreased significantly from 1993 to 2002(for the crude incidence rate thereof , APC=-1.59, t=-4.6, P<0.01);the crude incidence rate of gastric cancer increased significantly from 2002 to 2007(for the crude incidence rate thereof , APC=-8.88, t=-5.3, P<0.01).Both the standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer and the crude incidence rate thereof had the same trend for the period from 1993 to 2002 as well as the period from 2002 to 2007.The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer rose with the growth of ages(for male patients, APC=734.8, t=-511.2, P<0.01; for female patients, APC=43.6, t=17.9, P<0.01).The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer reached a climax for both males and females of the age group between 75 and 80. Conclusion The incidence of gastric cancer was relatively high in Qidong from 1993 to 2012;the male and the old-aged groups are high-risk groups .