Objective:To explicit phenylephrine (PE), α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) on myocardial fibrosis regulation and interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions in pressure overloaded mice.
Methods:A total of 49 KM mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Blank control group, n=7, Sham operation group, n=7, Transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAC) group, n=35, and 8 weeks later, the mice in TAC group were further divided into 5 sub-groups as TAC control, TAC+PE, TAC+Praz, TAC+Prop, TAC+Carv sub-groups, n=5 in each sub-group, and the animals were respectively treated for 3 weeks. Left ventricular collagen volume fraction (CVE), hydroxyproline content and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α expressions were examined respectively.
Results: By 8 weeks treatment, compared with Blank control group, TAC group had obvious myocardial fibrosis, increased hydroxyproline content and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α expressions,P<0.001. Compared with TAC control sub-group, TAC+PE, AC+Prop, TAC+Carv sub-groups showed decreased CVF, hydroxyproline content and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-αexpressions,P<0.001, while the above changes were not obvious in TAC+Praz sub-group,P>0.05; CVE and hydroxyproline content were similar between TAC+PE and TAC+Prop sub-groups, while the expressions of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were obviously decreased in TAC+Prop sub-group,P<0.05. Conclusion: PE may improve myocardial ifbrosis and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α expressions by activating α1-AR in pressure overloaded mice, α1-AR might be a defending factor for myocardial ifbrosis.

Objective: To observe the effect of phenylephrine (PE) on pressure overload induced myocardial ifbrosis (MF) with its relevance to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 3 (smad3) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signal pathway in experimental rats.
Methods: A total of 28 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group, AAC (abdominal aorta coarctation) group, AAC+PE group and AAC+prazosin group.n=7 in each group. Collagen volume fraction (CVF) of left ventricle was observed by myocardial collagen morphology, left ventricular myocardial tissue protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1, smad3 and CTGF were measured by immunohistochemistry, protein expression of α-SMA was also examined by Western blot analysis.
Results:①Myocardial collagen morphology presented that compared with Control group, AAC, AAC+PE and AAC+prazosin groups had increased CVF, allP<0.01; compared with AAC group, AAC+PE group had decreased CVF, P<0.01.②Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that compared with Control group, AAC, AAC+PE and AAC+prazosin groups had up-regulated protein expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β1, smad3 and CTGF, allP<0.01; compared with AAC group, AAC+PE group had down-regulated protein expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β1, smad3 and CTGF, allP<0.01.③Western blot analysis indicated that compared with Control group, AAC, AAC+PE and AAC+prazosin groups had the higher α-SMA expression, allP<0.05; compared with AAC group, AAC+PE group had the lower α-SMA expression, P<0.01.
Conclusion: Phenylephrine could improve pressure overload induced MF in experimental rats which might be related to TGF-β1/smads signal pathway inhibition and CTGF down-regulation.

Objective:To explain the mechanism of benefiting qi and activating blood formula on chronic heart failure (CHF)by observing the signal transduction through the medium of AngⅡ,PKC in rat myocardium.Methods:Healthy male SD rats were selected and CHF model were made by ligation of coronary artery combined with starvation and exhausted swimming. Successful model rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group,Chinese medicine high dose group,Chinese medicine middle dose group,west medicine control group,each group with 8 rats.In addition,normal control group was set.After 8 weeks, the content of AngII,PKC in myocardial tissue was tested by ABC immunohistochemical method,and the ultrastructural changes of myocardial cell were observed with transmission electronic microscopy.Results:Compared with normal control group,heart function decreased obviously(P

Objective Evaluating the effect of situational questions for qualifying the students'abilities in physiolo-gy examination .Methods Comparing the difficulty coefficients and discrimination indexes between situational and traditional choice questions .Results Compared with the traditional choice questions , the difficulty coefficient of situational questions increased , while the discrimination indexes were more reasonable .The discrimination indexes of situational understanding questions were higher than those of the traditional memory and understanding questions . There were no difference between discrimination indexes of the situational application questions and those of tradi -tional application questions .Conclusions Situational questions not only improved the quality of examinations , but also facilitate evaluating students'learning ability .

The effects of Zn2 + on GABAA-receptor mediated responses in acutely isolated rat sacral dorsal commissural nucleus (SDCN) were studied using nystatin-perforated whole cell recording techniques.The results demonstrated that ( 1 ) GABA induced inward currents through activation of GABAA-receptor at a holding potential of -40 mV; (2) GABAA-receptor mediated responses were suppressed by Zn2 + in a reversible and voltage-independent manner; and (3) in the presence of Zn2 + , the concentration-response curve of GABA-induced responses was shifted to the right in a parallel manner. The results suggest that Zn2 +allosterically depresses GABAA-receptor mediated currents.

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of combination of different points on glucose metabolism in the patient of cerebral infarction.

METHODSNeiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), Fengchi (GB 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Taichong (LR 3) were selected for the Xingnao Kaiqiao group (n =7), and Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) for the routine acupuncture group (n = 5). PET-CT was used to observe the local cerebral glucose metabolism.

RESULTSThe cerebral regions activated in the the Xingnao Kaiqiao group included infarction center, gyrus temporalis superior, thalamus, gyrus temporalis inferior, gyrus rectus, insula, lateral occipital lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum, and in the routine acupuncture group included gyrus frontalis inferior, caudate nucleus, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus, precuneus and parietal lobe.

CONCLUSIONPET is very suitable for exploring acupuncture mechanisms in treatment of cerebral infarction, and further shows the specificity of acupoints-brain functional region.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction ; metabolism ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective mechanism of geniposide, baicalin and berberine on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.

METHODA model of four hours hypoxia and twelve hours reoxygenation injury in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro was established. The injured cells were treated with geniposide (0.128, 0.064, 0.032 mmol x L(-1)), baicalin (0.028, 0.014, 0.007 mmol L(-1)) and berberine (0.024, 0.012, 0.006 mmol L(-1)), respectively. The immunocytochemical method and techniques of image quantitative analysis were used to detect the mean optical density and mean area in order to match the protein expression of VCAM-1. The method of RT-PCR was adopted to observe and match the mRNA expression of VCAM-1.

RESULTAs compared with the normal group, the mean optical density, the mean area and the mRNA expression of VCAM-1 of model group were significant increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). As compared with the model group, both the mean optical density and the mean area of all treated groups were decreased, and there was significant difference between them (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). As compared with normal group, the mean optical density of baicalin (0.007 mmol x L(-1)) and berberine (0.012, 0.006 mmol x L(-1)) were significant decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the other groups and the normal group. As compared with normal group, the mean area of baicalin (0.0014 mmol x L(-1)) was significant decreased (P < 0.05), but there was significant difference between the other groups and the normal group. The mRNA expression of all treated groups was not only lower than that of the model group but also higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that geniposide, baicalin and berberine, which are effective compositions of huanglian jiedu decoting, can protect hypoxia-reoxygenation injuried rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. One of the protected mechanisms is that they can inhibit the expression of VCAM-1.

Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebrum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; pharmacology ; Male ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To detect and analyze enteroviruses causing suspected aseptic meningitis in a kindergarten in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province. Methods Viral RNA was extracted from samples and cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. PCR was performed to amplify the partial sequences of the 5′-untranslated region ( UTR) and VP1 gene of enteroviruses. Serotypes of the viruses were determined by com-paring the homology between the partial sequences of VP1 gene. Phylogenetic tree of the partial VP1 se-quences was constructed using MEGA6. Results This study included seven patients and twenty-six asymp-tomatic students. Coxsakievirus A10 (CV-A10) was detected in 48. 5％ of the students and echovirus 6 (Echo 6) in 21. 2％. Besides, 12. 1％ of the students might be co-infected by the two viruses. Among the seven patients, six were infected by CV-A10 and the other one might have co-infection. According to the phylogenetic analysis, CV-A10 strains detected in this study were closely related to those isolated in China in recent years, including the strains isolated in Xiamen in 2015 and Yunnan in 2017, while the Echo 6 strains were phylogenetically related to those isolated in Yunnan, Guangzhou and Shandong in 2014. Conclusions CV-A10 and Echo 6 were detected in the cases with suspected aseptic meningitis and had close phylogenetic relationships to the strains appeared in China in recent years.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of geniposide, baicalin and berberine for the rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell.

METHODThe model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro was established. Both normal and model cells were treated with geniposide (1.024, 0.512, 0.256, 0.128, 0.064, 0.032, 0.016, 0.008 micromol x mL(-1)), baicalin (0.224, 0.112, 0.056, 0.028, 0.014, 0.007, 0.003 micromol x mL(-1)) and berberine (0.192, 0.096, 0.048, 0.024, 0.012, 0.006, 0.003 micromol x mL(-1)). Cell activity was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test.

RESULTAfter hypoxia/hypoglycemia cultures for 4 hour and reoxygenation for 12 hour, geniposide (0.128, 0.064, 0.032 micromol x mL(-1)), baicalin (0.028, 0.014, 0.007 micromol x mL(-1)) and berberine (0.024, 0.012, 0.006 micromol x microL(-1) could protect the injuried cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONAppropriate concentration of geniposide, baicalin and berberine, which are effective components of Huanglian Jiedu decoction, could protect the injuried cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.

Animals ; Berberine ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; blood supply ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Oxygen ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective mechanism of geniposide, baicalin and berberine on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.

METHODTo establish a model of hypoxia four hours and reoxygenation twelve hours injury in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. The injured cells were treated with geniposide (0. 128, 0.064, 0.032 micromol mL(-1), baicalin (0.028, 0.014, 0.007 micromol mL(- 1)) and berberine (0.024, 0.012, 0.006 micromol mL(-1)). The expression of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB was detected by immunocytochemical assay and techniques of image quantitative analysis. The protein expression of NF-kappaB was calculated with the mean optical density and mean area. The nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was calculated with the percentage of positive cells and ratios of light transmittance of cytoplasm and cell nucleus.

RESULTCompared with the normal group, both the protein expression and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB of model group were significant increased (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the mean optical density of all treated groups was decreased ,but these was no significant difference between them. As compared with model group, the mean area of all treated groups was significant decreased (P < 0.01). The percentage of nuclear translocation of all treated groups is not only lower than that of the model group but higher than that of the normal group (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the ratios of light transmittance of cytoplasm and cell nucleus of all treated groups was significantly elevated (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggesed that geniposide, baicalin and berberine could protect hypoxia/reoxygenation injuried rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells injury. One of the mechanism may lie in inhibiting both the protein expression and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.

Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Rats