Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric illness in children.ADHD is characterized by inattention ,hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can seriously disturb patients'study and work.Patients with ADHD suffer from impaired cognitive function.The conventional neuropsychological tests can assess the cognitive function of patients, but it can be affected by subjective factors.Electrophysiological techniques and brain image technology, however, can detect the cognitive function of ADHD patients objectively.In recent years, researchers have made great processes in exploring the cognitive function of ADHD patients with the help of these technologies.And this review summarizes the progresses of cognitive function detecting techniques in ADHD.

Objective To determine the main CT features and the key points of differential diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) classified according to 2004 WHO pathological diagnostic criteria. Methods According to the criteria, 40 patients were divided into two groups: MCRCC group and other subtypes of cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). The CT findings were evaluated and compared between two groups for cystic content, wall, septum, nodularity, calcification and enhancement. ROC curve was used to determine the cut-off value of the possible CT feature which could distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC. Results Seventeen cases of MCRCC group and 23 cases of CRCC group were included in this study according to the diagnostic criteria. MCRCC appeared as a well defined multilocular cystic mass with thin wall and sepia and no expansile solid nodules. Thickness of cystic wall and/or septum is was main CT findings to distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC (P ＜ 0.01 ). The cut-off value of the thickness was 6 mm and its sensibility, specificity was 89% ,75% respectively. Conclusion Cystic wall and/or septum with a thickness of less than 6 mm are the main CT findings to dis tinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC.

Objective To construct a recombinant lentiviral expression vector containing NIS and EGFP gene,and to explore the feasibility of NIS gene for monitoring the bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration to the intracranial glioma.Methods The NIS and EGFP gene fragments were subcloned into lentiviral vector pLVX-puro,then packaged and amplified in HEK293T cells to obtain recombinant lentivirus pLVX-CMV-NIS-EGFP.pLVX-CMV-0-EGFP was constructed as control.BMSCs were isolated,cultured,and transfected by lentivirus.The antibiotic-resistant transfected BMSCs (BMSCs-NIS-EGFP and BMSCs-EGFP) were selected.The expression of NIS gene was examined by Western blot.Functional NIS activity was confirmed by the uptake of 125I and the inhibition effect of NaClO4.The nude mice intracranial glioma models were established.MicroSPECT was performed at 24 h post BMSCs-NIS-EGFP injection via the tail vein.Results pLVX-CMV-NIS-EGFP and pLVX-CMV-0-EGFP were successfully constructed and packaged.BMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured.Stable cell lines BMSCs-NIS-EGFP and BMSCs-EGFP were constructed after lentivirus transfection and puromycin selection.The expression of NIS gene was detected by Western blot in BMSCs-NIS-EGFP,but not in BMSCs-EGFP.BMSCs-NIS-EGFP showed significantly more uptake of 125I (nearly 10 times than the uptake in BMSCs-EGFP) and the uptake could be significantly inhibited by NaClO4.The nude mice intracranial glioma models were successfully established and the BMSCs-NIS-EGFP in glioma foci could be visualized by microSPECT imaging at 24 h post injection.Conclusions A recombinant lentivirus containing NIS gene could be successfully constructed for monitoring BMSCs migration towards intracranial glioma.It might provide evidence on the research of BMSCs and NIS gene mediated therapy for glioma.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor location and the risk of developing bladder cancer in pafients treated by nephroureterectomy(NU)for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma(UUT-TCC).Methods The clinical data of 168 UUT-TCC patients who underwent NU were reviewed.Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine the risk factors for intravesical recurrence after NU.Results The recurrence-free survival rate at 1,3 and 5 years after NU were 88%, 76%and 63%.All patients were followed up for a median period of 45(12-107)months During this period, a total of 49 patients developed bladder tamors after surgery,of which 28 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma, 2 cases were rniddle ureter carcinoma and 19 cases were distal ureter carcinoma.The recurrence-free survival of renal pelvic carcinoma and ureter carcinoma had no significant difference by Log-Rank test(P>0.05).On multivariate analysis,only locating in distal ureter carcinoma was the independent risk predictor for intravesical recurrence after NU (P<0.01).Conclusion Pafients with UUT-TCC at distal ureter carry a higher risk for intraeesieal recunerrce after NU than those with TCC at other location of upper urinary tract.

Objective To Validate the prognostic significance of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in Chinese patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods According to the scoring standard of the EORTC system, 225 NMIBC patients were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk groups for recurrence and progression respectively. The probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year and 5 year for each group were calculated using life-table analysis and then compared with the EORTC risk tables. Log-Rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between risk groups and to find independent prognostic factors. Results For low (n= 32, 25), intermediate (n=109, 128) and high (n=84, 72) risk groups, the probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year were 15. 1%, 31.2%, 55.5% and 0. 3%, 2. 0%, 15.5% respectively. The probabilities at 5 year were 28. 2%, 55.2%, 75.0% and 1.4%, 12.9%, 54. 7%. All the results were similar to that of EORTC tables except the probability of progression at 5 year for the high progression risk group.The differences between different risk groups were significant (P＜0.01). In a multivariable analysis for recurrence and progression, the EORTC scores had independent significance (P＜0.01). Conclusions EORTC risk tables could stratify NMIBC patients effectively according to the risk of recurrence and progression. It could be a useful tool for Chinese urologists.

Objective To construct a recombinant lentivirus vector containing the human NIS gene and HIF-1α with the myosin light chain-2v(MLC-2v) as a promoter and to investigate the specific expression and feasibility of NIS as a reporter gene in cardiomyocytes.Methods The target gene HIF-1α and NIS were subcloned into the lentivirus (Lv)-elongation factor (EF)1-HIF-1α-internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-NIS and Lv-MLC-HIF-1α-IRES-NIS lentivirus vectors.The recombinated vectors were transfected into Hela cells by lipofectamine 2000.The expression of HIF-1α and NIS in the transfected Hela cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot.The H9C2 cells were exposed to different multiplicities of infection (MOI; 5,10,20,40) with packaged virus particles.The infection efficiency was detected by Western blot.MOI 20 was used for H9C2,NIH-3T3 and L6 cell lines and the specificity of the MLC-2v promoter was detected by the count of NIS protein in the 3 different cell lines with Western blot.The function and features of NIS protein were evaluated by dynamic iodine uptake and NaClO4 iodine uptake inhibition tests in vitro.Two-sample t test was used to analyze the data.Results The two recombinant lentivirus vectors were constructed successfully.The HIF-1α protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and the NIS protein was expressed on the cell membrane in Hela cells.The grey levels of NIS and HIF-1α proteins in the positive control were 69.8 and 71.9,respectively,which were 109.4 and 92.7 after being prompted by EF1,and 141.9 and 132.4 by MLC-2v.The expression of these proteins was much higher by EF1 promoter than that by MLC-2v promoter.The optimal MOI for the Lv-MLC-HIF-1α-IRES-NIS virus to infect H9C2 cells was 20.With the MOI of 20,the grey levels of NIS protein promoted by EF1 were 23.4,29.8 and 28.6 for H9C2,NIH-3T3 and L6 cells infected with Lv-EF1-HIF-1α-IRES-NIS virus,respectively.The expression of NIS protein promoted by MLC-2v was much higher in H9C2 cells than the other two cell lines.The grey level of NIS protein was 157.9 in H9C2 cells,178.8 in L6 cells and 217.3 in NIH-3T3 cells.The NIS protein expressed in infected H9C2 cells showed high radioiodine uptake.The peak of iodine uptake was 4 287.2 counts · min-1 at 40 min which was 16.85 times of the control group (254.4 counts · min-1) (t=5.34,P＜ 0.01).The inhibition rate of iodine uptake was up to 85.5％ (3 666.4/4 287.2,t=21.3,P＜0.01) by NaClO4.Conclusions MLC-2v promoter allows specific expression of the external gene HIF-1α and NIS in myocardium.The cardiomyocytes transfected with NIS gene acquires the function of iodine uptake.Therefore,NIS may have a potential to be the reporter gene to monitor the external gene therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Objective:To investigate the effect and related mechanism of TRAP1 on the invasion and migration of human bladder cancer through TGF/Smad3 signal path.Methods: Selected from BIU-87 of high expression of TRAP1 in bladder cancer cell lines through Western blot techniques.TRAP1 knockdown lentivirus (LV3-TRAP1) was used to silence the expression of TRAP1.GFP fluorescene and PCR detector was used to detected the efficiency of gene silencing and the effectiveness of gene silencing;effect of TRAP1 on the invasion and migration ability of BIU-87 were detected by Transwell matrigel invasion assays and wound healing assays,CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent staining was used to deteced the cell ROS of BIU-87 with LV3-TRAP1.Detected the level of TGF/Smad3 signal protein by Western blot.Results: LV3-TRAP1 lentivirus could effectively inhibit the expression of TRAP1 compared with LV3-NC.LV3-TRAP1 lentivirus could effectively inhibit the cell RPS of BIU-87.Knockdown the expression of TRAP1 could inhibit the invasion and migration of BIU-87.Knockdown the expression of TRAP1 in BIU-87 could reduce the protein level of TGF/Smad3.Conclusion: Silencing TRAP1 could inhibit the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cell through TGF/Smad3 signal pathway.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the experience in skin defects reconstruction using keystone design perforator island flap.

METHODSSince June 2012 to June 2013, the flaps have been used in 14 patients. The size of defects ranged from 1 cm x 1 cm to 5 cm x 9 cm at the extremities, trunk and facial region. The trapezoidal shaped flap has the same width as the defect. The flap is designed along the edge of the defect with 90 degree angle at the ends of the island flap. This curvilinear- and trapezoidal-shaped flap essentially consists of two conjoined V-Y advancement flaps at the proximal and distal end. The vascular supply is supported by the subcutaneous vascular network and fascial/muscular perforators. Perforators should be detected by Doppler techniques when large size flaps are used.

RESULTSPrimary wound healing and satisfactory result was achieved in 13 patients except for one with partial flap necrosis.

CONCLUSIONThe technique offers a simple and effective method of wound closure in situations that would otherwise have required complex flap closure or skin grafting.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Neoplasms ; surgery ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To construct a recombinant baculovirus dual expression vector containing NIS gene under the control of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and plasminogen kringle 5 (K5) gene driven by early growth response 1 (Egr1) promoter,and to explore the feasibility of targeting both tumor and tumor vessel with combination of radioiodide and antiangiogenic therapy.Methods The hTERT-NIS gene and Egr1-K5 gene fragments were subcloned into baculovirus vector,then packaged and amplified in the sf9 cells to obtain recombinant baculovirus Bac-hTERT-NIS-Egr1-K5.Bac-CMV-NISEgr1-K5,Bac-hTERT-0-Egr1-K5 and Bac-hTERT-NIS-Egr1-0 were constructed as controls.The expression of NIS and K5 genes in human cervix cancers cells (HeLa) was examined by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR.Functional NIS activity was confirmed by the uptake of 125I,the inhibition of NaClO4 and the cytotoxicity of 131I.The apoptotic effect of 131I-inducedK5 on human umbilical veins endothelial cells (HUVEC)was analyzed by an apoptosis assay using flow cytometry.Statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of variance.Results The recombinant baculovirus Bac-hTERT-NIS-Egr1-K5 was successfully constructed.The NIS gene under the control of hTERT promoter was specifically expressed in HeLa cells.The baculovirusinfected HeLa cells showed a significant increase of 125I uptake,which was significantly inhibited by NaClO4(F199.296,P＜0.05).Furthermore,a notable decreased cell survival rate (38.3％) was found after 131I treatment.The expression of K5 gene induced by 131I was elevated in a dose or time dependent manner and resulted in obvious inhibition with cell survival rate of 30.8％ in baculovirus-infected HUVEC cells,which was significantly higher than that in the control groups (11.2％ and 10.9％ respectively,F=19.926,45.409;both P＜0.05).Conclusions A recombinant baculovirus dual expression vector containing the NIS and K5 genes has been successfully constructed.This study suggests the feasibility of a synergistic strategy of NISbased raidoiodide therapy and K5-based antiangiogenic therapy in vitro,and make it possible to perform in vivo study in the near future.

Objective To investigate the significance of MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression in upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma.Methods Paraffin specimens of 60 patients with upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma between January 2005 and January 2014 were analyzed.At the same time,5 cm normal tissue adjacent to the cancerous tissue specimens in 30 patients were taken for comparison.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tissue MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression,and the relationships between their expression with different pathological stage,differentiated degree and lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results MTSS1 expression rate in normal tissue (100.0％,30/30) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissue (45.0％,27/60) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).E-cadherin expression rate in normal tissue (96.7％,29/30) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissue (41.7％,25/60) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MTSS1 and E-cadherin in different pathological stage,degree and with or without lymph node metastasis had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).In patients with well differentiated,low TNM stage and no lymph metastasis,MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression rate was higher (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between the expression of MTSS 1 and E-cadherin in cancerous tissue (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma detection of both MTSS1 and E-cadherin has important significance with regards to judging the malignant degree of the tumor,lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients.