Schwann cells are the seed cells of tissue engineedng in the regeneration of peripheral nerve.so whether we can harvest enough Schwann cells of high purity is very important in the tissue engineering.Culture and purification technology of Schwann cells has been improved day by day.The classical cultural methods include tissue-clump cultural method and enzyme digestion cultural method.On the basis of the classical cultural methods,someone uses new technologies to delete fibroblasts,such as addition of cytosine arabinoside,addition of antimitogenic agents.The latest purified methods include magnetic activated-cells separation,co-culture with three-dimensional scaffolds and laminin-coated wells purified method.The aim of the skills above is to provide enough Schwann cells for the tissue engineering repeir of degenerated peripheral nerves.There are many ways of Schwann cells culture and purification.and we have made a primary progress,but it still needs further studies before the entire achievemenL such as long cycle,low activity in cultured calls,and the instable biological characteristics during passage culture,etc.

Since Zika virus (ZIKV) has firstly been isolated in 1947, Uganda, outbreaks of Zika fever have been reported in many areas such as in Africa, Southeast Asia and America. Imported cases in China also have been reported. Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and include Africa subtype and Asia subtype. It is a mosquito-borne virus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Sexual transmission, Blood transmission and mother-to-fetus transmission were also reported. Zika virus can go though blood-brain barrier and infect central nervous system. Symptoms are generally mild and self-limited, but recent evidence suggests a possible association between maternal Zika virus infection and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital microcephaly, as well as a possible association with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Laboratorial Diagnosis includes nucleic acid detection, Serological test, and isolation of virus. Currently, no vaccine or medication exists to prevent or treat Zika virus infection. Preventive measures against Zika virus infection should be taken through prevention of mosquito bites and surveillance in epidemic area.
Aedes ; physiology ; virology ; Animals ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; physiology ; virology ; Zika Virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Zika Virus Infection ; transmission ; virology

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of osteoblast apoptosis mediated by glucocorticoid, provide experimental basis for clinical prevention and treatment of hormonal necrosis of femoral-head.Methods The MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into control group and three treatment group treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone (1, 10, 100μmol/L) for 24 hours.The apoptosis rate detected by TUNEL, the mitochondrial transmembrane electric potential after JC-1 staining by flow cytometry, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 in mitochondrion and Cyt-C, apoptosis inducing factor ( AIF) in cytoplasm by Western blot.ResuIts With the increasing of Dex concentration, the rate of osteoblast apoptosis was significantly increased(F(3,28) =159.0,P=0.000), the positive cell rate of JC-1 stainning was significantly increased(F(3,28) =499.5,P=0.000), the expression of Bax(F(3,28) =17.4,P=0.000)in mitochondrion and Cyt-C(F(3,28) =22.4,P=0.000), AIF(F(3,28) =42.61,P=0.000)in cytoplasm were significantly increased.There were statistically significant difference of above indexes between control group and each experimental group(P<0.05).But there were no significant differences of Bcl-2 in mitochondrion among five groups(F(3,28) =0.62,P=0.607).ConcIusion Dexamethasone increases expression of Bax in mitochondrion, prompts mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( MPTP ) to be over-openning, induces apoptosis in osteoblast via a mitochondria-mediated pathway.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum procalcitonin (PCT) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and prognosis in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods A total of 88 patients with AECOPD admitted to emergency department of Peking university third hospital were prospectively studied,and were divided into three groups,namely high score group,median score group and low score group according to APACHE Ⅱ score.Serum PCT,hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),WBC and lactate were assayed within the first 24 hours after admission,the differences in those indicators between three groups were analyzed; and the correlation between PCT and APACHE Ⅱscore,hs-CRP,WBC,lactate were investigated.The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to prognosis,and the differences in those indicators between the two groups were analyzed.Results The serum levels of PCT was higher in high score group (0.60±0.32) ng/ml than that in median score group (0.36 ±0.23) ng/ml and that in low score group (0.24 ±0.19) ng/ml,differences between groups were statistically significant (P ＜0.01).The hs-CRP was higher in high score group M (P25,P75) 36.88 (10.14,47.16) mg/L than that in median score group 15.00 (3.64,30.33) mg/L and that in low score group 14.77 (4.35,15.80) mg/L (P =0.046).The PCT significantly correlated with APACHE Ⅱ and hs-CRP (P ＜0.01).The serum levels of PCT,APACHE Ⅱ score,hs-CRP and lactate were significantly higher in death group than those in survival group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a good correlation between PCT and APACHE Ⅱ score in patients of AECOPD,suggesting PCT to be a sensitive predictor of prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of solifenacin and epalrestat combination therapy on type 2 diabetes complicated with overactive bladder (OAB).Methods A total of 80 patients with T2DM and OAB were randomly divided into three groups:control group (Con group,n=24),epalrestat group (n=29),and solifenacin combines epalrestat group (n=27).Con group was treated with conventional therapy such as routine bladder training,anti-hyperglycemic,anti-hypertensive,lipid lowering treatment,and nerve nutrition.Epalrestat group was treated with epalrestat 50 mg,3/d orally on the basis of conventional treatment.Solifenacin group was treated with solifenacin 5 mg,1/d,and epalrestat 50 mg,3/d orally.All the subjects were followed up for 12 weeks.Voiding diary,OAB self rating scale (OABSS) score,maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax),average urinary flow rate (Qave),and urine volume(VV) were recorded.Results The daily micturition frequency in 24h,times of nocturia,urgency,frequency,and urinary incontinence,and OABSS scores were lower,while Qmax,Qave,and VV were higher in solifenacin group than in Con group and epalrestat group (P<0.05).The OABSS scores were lower while VV was higher in epalrestat group than in Con group (P<0.05).The total effective rate was higher in solifenacin group than in Con group and epalrestat group (92.6% vs 69% vs 41.7%,P<0.05).Conclusion Solifenacin and epalrestat combination therapy was effective in treating patients with T2DM and OAB.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD) and Tourette syndrome( TS) are common psychoneurological disorders both in childhood and puberty pubertas which have an effect on the development of psychological and behavior,result in study and adaptive capacity decline,cognize damage. In recent years,many researches shows event-related potential P300 has significance for evaluating of cognize in children. This paper summarizes the research of event-related potential P300 in the children with ADHD and TS to compare the differences and discuss the possible mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) for detecting early esophageal cancer invasion depth. Methods We searched Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from inception to Feb.2016. Domestic articles related to the accuracy of ME-NBI detecting the early esophageal cancer invasion depth were collected comprehensively. The quality of the papers was evaluated by quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS). Data analysis was conducted by Stata 12.0 software. Results Seven group data from six studies including 319 patients with 366 lesions met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, SROC area under the curve and DOR were 93.8 % (95 % CI: 0.886~0.967), 75.2 % (95 % CI: 0.658~0.827), 3.779 (95 % CI: 2.685 ~ 5.318), 0.083 (95 % CI: 0.044~0.155), 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.770~0.840) and 45.658 (95 % CI:21.006~99.240). Conclusions The results suggest that ME-NBI may be an effective tool for detecting invasion depth of early esophageal cancer, which plays an important role in clinical selection of surgical approach and treatment.

Objective To investigate clinical significance of D-dimer and other easily-obtained laboratory parameters in rapid screening for acute aortic dissection ( AAD). Methods Data of general health, clinical symptoms, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTn Ⅰ ) and D-dimer in patients with confirmed AAD and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were retrospectively analyzed. Significance of varied parameters in clinical diagnosis for AAD was evaluated by logistic regression model and their diagnostic values were evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results Serum level of D-dimer increased significantly in patients with type Ⅰ AAD, as compared with that in those with type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (P = 0. 111 and 0. 002, respectively). D-dimer, WBC and CRP all were independent risk factors for type Ⅰ AAD by logistic regression model fitted,with the largest effect of D-dimer. Analysis by ROC curve with sensitivities and specificities of serum levels of D-dimer and CRP, and WBC count also showed the same results. Conclusions Determination of serum level of D-dimer had significantly diagnostic value for AAD, and can be sued as rapid screening for it if combined with determinations of WBC and CRP.

Objective To evaluate the early diagnostic value of human heart-type fatty acid- binding protein (H-FABP) of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different combination regimens of cardiac markers. Methods A total of 103 consecutive patients with chest pain (within 6 h after admission to Peking University Third Hospital,emergency department) suggestive of ACS were recruited for the analysis from April,2010 to June,2011.The blood levels of H-FABP,cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) were obtained at admission. The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value together with the sensitivity and specificity in different phases of illness at admission were analyzed and compared among H-FABP,cTnT,CK-MB and different combinations by using SPSS version 17.0 software.Results Within 6 h of onset of symptom,the overall sensitivities of H-FABP,cTnT and CK-MB were 62.5％,30.6％ and 33.3％ respectively for patients with ACS.The sensitivity of H-FABP was significantly higher than that of cTnT and CK-MB (P ＜0.01 ).There were no differences in specificity and positive predictive value.The combination of H-FABP with cTnT had the greatest negative predictive value (53.8％ ).The sensitivity of H-FABP was higher during 3 - 6 h (77.8％ ) than during 0 - 3 h (53.3 ％ ) after chest pain onset (P =0.038).Within 0 - 3 h of onset of AMI,the overall sensitivities of the combination of H-FABP with cTnT and H-FABP with CK-MB (55.6％) were significantly higher than the combinaton of cTnT with CK-MB ( 24.4％ ) ( P =0.003 ).The sensitivity of the combination of H-FABP with cTnT was higher than that of single H-FABP during 0- 3 h and 3 -6 h after onset of AMI with increment in 3.3％ and 7.4％ respectively.The combination of H-FABP with cTnT had the greatest sensitivity ( 85.2％ ) during 3 - 6 h after onset.Conclusions H-FABP is the most sensitive cardiac marker in diagnosing of ACS in the early phase within 6 h,especially during 3 -6 h after onset.The sensitivity of the combination of H-FABP with cTnT is higher than that of H-FABP alone.The combination of H-FABP with cTnT has the best diagnostic value during 3 -6 h after onset of ACS.

Objective To investigate influence of nutritional status on prognosis in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods Retrospective analysis for clinical data of 533 patients who hospitalized at the Internal Medicine Department of Beijing Social Welfare Hospital and the Emergency Department of Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing during 2005 to 2010 were performed. All the patients were divided into SIRS (323 cases) and non-SIRS (210 cases) groups based on diagnostic criteria of SIRS and pyemia, and groups of the survival (431 cases) and the dead ( 102 cases) based on their end outcomes.Patients of SIRS were further divided into sub-groups of pyemia (287 cases) and non-pyemia (36 cases)based on their infection status. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ ( APACHE Ⅱ ),serum levels of prealbumin ( PAB), albumin ( ALB), total cholesterol (CHOL) and C-creative protein (CRP) were measured for all the patients on the 1st, 3rd, 7th days after admission, before discharge and prior to death, respectively. Results Scores of APACHE Ⅱ were significantly higher in SIRS and the dead groups than those in non-SIRS and the survival groups (P ＜0. 05 ). Serum level of albumin was significantly lower in SIRS and the dead groups than that in non-SIRS and the survival groups on the 7th day after admission (SIRS vs. non-SIRS: F=9.812, P=0.035; the dead vs. the survival: F =45.285, P=0. 003). Change in serum level of prealbumin was the same as the level of albumin, with significant difference between various groups since the 3rd day after admission ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Significant time effects could be found in the dead and survival groups (for the dead group: F = 19. 188, P = 0. 000; and for the survival group: F = 47. 250, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Multiple regression analysis showed that serum levels of prealbumin and total cholesterol correlated with scores of APACHE Ⅱ[with a regression formula of scores of APACHE Ⅱ = 52.032-21.407 PAB-8.971 CHOL (R2 =0.801, F=48.016, P =0.023)]. Logistic regression analysis showed that low level of prealbumin and high scores of APACHE Ⅱ both were predictors for survival of SIRS patients, with an overall accuracy of 77. 1 percent, 73.5 percent for survival and 79. 5 percent for death prediction. Conclusions Severe malnutrition can be found in patients with SIRS and serum level of prealbumin can be used to evaluate their nutritional status and severity of the disease. High scores of APACHE Ⅱ combined with low serum level of prealbumin can predict prognosis of the patients.