Artemisinin is the antimalarial active ingredient, which is discovered by Chinese scientists in 1970s. The chemical structure of artemisinin is modified or altered to obtain a series of analogues to satisfy the medication requirements. According to the physicochemical properties of medicines and actual clinical necessities, the preparations of artemisinins are developed and the common preparations include tablet, suppository, injection, etc.. With the developing of technology, researchers have conducted a large number of studies on the artemisinins nanoparticles injection, transdermal drug delivery systems, mucosal drug delivery systems and etc. This article systematically collected and discussed the recent studies on the antimalarial preparations of artemisinins in line with different administration routes.

Objective To observe the effects of ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy on pain and content of enkephalins. Methods The pain threshold of the rat was measured before and after the application of ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy. The content of met enhephalin(MEK) and leu enkephalin(LEK) in the glandula hypophysis and hypothalamus was also measured. A linear regression analysis based on the pain threshold and the content of enkaphalin was conducted to reveal the pain relieving mechanism of the ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy. Results The level of MEK and LEK in the glandula hypophysis and hypothalamus was significantly increased after a single use action ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy as compared with that before the treatment ( P

Objective To explore the effect and safety of rituximab (RTX) in children with frequently relapsed nephrotic syndrome.Methods Twelve children (8 male and 4 female) with frequently relapse nephrotic syndrome were treated with RTX.They all showed resistance to various immunosuppressive agents and relapsed when steroid was reduced at 1.5-2.0 mg/kg.All immunosuppressive agents were stopped.Steroid was prescribed at doses of 2 mg/(kg · d),followed by alternate-day dosing (2 mg/kg) after proteinuria was negative for 5 days,and then tapered by 5 mg every 2 weeks until to low dose (＜ 0.5 mg/kg on alternate day) or discontinued.RTX was administered at a dose of 375 mg/m2 once every week for 3 weeks.Results The patients were followed up for 4-19 months [median (7.79 ± 3.00) months].Proteinuria turned negative on 1-14 d after first RTX treatment.Mean steroid dosages were significantly reduced than before treatment [alternate-day dosing (1.83 ± 1.02) mg/kg vs alternate-day dosing (0.34 ± 0.16) mg/kg,t =3.78,P =0.002].Gingival hyperplasia and Cushing appearance were significantly improved and steroid-induced glaucoma disappeared.The height was significantly increased compared with before treatment [(2.21 ± 1.40) cm/year vs (8.27 ±2.10) cm/year].Six cases had no relapse during follow-up.Another 6 cases relapsed in 5.5-19.0 months.All patients showed CD19 + B lymphocytes depletion after RTX treatment.However,CD19 + recovery could be seen in 5.5-12.0 months.Serum immunoglobulin did not significantly change.None of the patients was found with adverse events.Conclusions RTX can significantly reduce the dosage of steroid or even stop medication in children free of immunosuppressive agents,maintain remission for (7.79 ± 3.00) months,significantly improve the adverse reaction induced by steroid and immune-suppression.Thus,for children with frequently relapsed nephritic syndrome/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome who show resistance to immunosuppressive therapies,RTX treatment may be considered.

Objective To establish the system of statistic index of health examination information. Methods The items of health examination were screened, the valuable indexes for guiding the health condition were selected and standardized, and then the system of statistic index of health examination information was constructed. Results The 42 items for male clients and 74 items for female clients were selected as the statistic index of health examination information system. Standardized the statistic index with international classification of diseases system, including the criterion of name, diagnosis and data collection.The standard statistical tables were constituted. Conclusions Health examination information system can be statistically added up by standard index system.

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different soil water contents on the yield and quality of R.glutinosa.Different soil water contents were adjusted in different periods of growth of R.glutinosa.The yield,content of water extract,catalpol,verbascoside and polysaccharide were determined and analysed by the grey pattern recognition after harvests.The impacts of soil water content from the most important to the least important were medium moisture content (M2),high moisture content (M3),low moisture content (M1) and blank (M4).In the cultivation of R.glutinosa,the soil water content should be remained in the range of 40％-50％ at seedling stage,while 50％-60％ at the stage of root formation and tuber enlargement,and 20％-30％ during harvesting,which can significantly improve the yield and quality of R.glutinosa.

Objective To examine clusters of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and their associations with clinical features in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods It was a retrospective study.113 SLE patients were reviewed from March 2010 to May 2012 in Department of Rheumatology,Jinhua Central Hospital.ANA and specific autoantibodies to 15 kinds of nuclear antigens were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) and line immunoassay (LIA) respectively.Hierarchical clustering method was performed to analyze specific clusters of ANA profiles in SLE.Chi-square tests were used to investigate relationship between antibody clusters and clinical features of SLE.Results The positive rate of LIA for ANA was 97.3％,consistent with IIF method,and the total accordance rate of the both methods was 98.2％.Thirteen kinds of antigen-specific antibodies were detected in SLE patients by LIA.Clustering analysis for these antibodies showed three specific clusters in SLE,Nuc/His/dsDNA cluster (C1),low-Ro/low-La cluster (C2),and Ro/Sm/RNP cluster (C3),accounting for 36.3％,24.8％,38.9％ of the total cases respectively.There were significant difference of AST levels among three clusters [(32.62 ± 21.92)U/L,(25.56 ± 16.63) U/L,(50.41 ± 60.86) U/L respectively for C1,C2 and C3].High incidences of chronic cutaneous lupus,abnormal renal indicators and inflammatory synovitis were found in all three clusters.Besides,there were significant differences among three clusters for the incidences of chronic cutaneous lupus (39.0％,39.3％,63.6％ respectively for C1,C2,C3) and leukopenia/lymphopenia (56.1％,25.0％,56.8％ respectively for C1,C2,C3) (P ＜ 0.05).Patients in Ro/Sm/RNP cluster showed higher incidences of lupus nephritis (43.2％/26.8％ or 39.3％); patients in low-Ro/low-La cluster showed low risk of hypertension (7.1％/19.5％ or 22.7％) ; patients in Nuc/His/dsDNA cluster showed high incidences of thrombocytopenia (41.5％/21.4％ or 25.0％) and high risk of lung or upper respiratory tract infection (46.3％/28.6％ or 29.5％),but low incidence of neurologic symptoms (0％/ 3.6％ ％ or 11.4％).Conclusion Three characterized ANA clusters are identified in SLE patients in this pilot study.Different clusters are associated with certain clinical features and complications ofSLE.However,the correlations found in this study need to be investigated further in larger populations.

Aim To observe the protective effects of breviscapine against lung fibrosis and investigate its possible mechanism.Methods Effects of breviscapine on cell proliferation,activation and extracellular matrix secretion were examined in mouse embryonic lung fibroblast L929 cells in vitro.The mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was used to assess the protective effect of breviscapine against lung fibrosis.Results In vitro,breviscapine had no cytotoxicity directly on L929 cells,however,it could suppress cell proliferation,activation and secretion of laminin(LN) and collagen Ⅰ(ColⅠ) induced by transforming growth factor beta1(TGF-?1) in L929 cells.In vivo,breviscapine could prevent increase in serum TGF-?1 and decrease in superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) in mice with lung fibrosis caused by bleomycin.In addition,breviscapine was able to reduce pulmonary hydroxyproline,collagen,malondialdehyde(MDA)and TGF-?1 in lung fibrosis mice.Conclusion Breviscapine has protective effect against lung fibrosis and the possible mechanism is to enhance antioxidative defense activities and prevent TGF-? signal.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for colorectal cancer adjuvant chemotherapy induced leucopenia. Methods The basic clinical data of 108 patients with colorectal cancer who had received radical operation and adjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: normal white blood cell group (39 patients) and leucopenia group (69 patients). The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software, t test, χ2 test , univariate analysis and multifactor Logistic regression analysis, and analysis of variance to investigate the risk factors for colorectal cancer adjuvant chemotherapy induced leucopenia. Results Univariate analysis revealed that the female patients and the ones who received radiotherapy were more prone to leucopenia (P<0.01), while hypertension, the levels of white blood cell, neutrophil counting and serum creatinine before chemotherapy were protective factors for leucopenia (P<0.05 or<0.01). Multifactor Logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of serum creatinine before chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for leucopenia, OR = 0.950 (95% CI: 0.906- 0.996, P<0.05). The further analysis showed the lower the level of serum creatinine, the more severe the leucopenia would be (P = 0.04). Conclusions The level of serum creatinine before chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer adjuvant chemotherapy induced leucopenia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the posttraumatic growth in cancer patients and patients' quality of life. Methods 123 cancer patients were measured with posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) and EORTC QLQ-C30. Means and standard deviations were used to describe the domain and the range change of posttraumatic growth. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationship between the patients' posttraumatic growth and their quality of life. Results 4 of 5 factors in PTGI showed significant positive change, including connection with others [(28.17±7.97) scores], new possibilities [(16.15±6.06) scores], personal strength [(15.42±4.69) scores], and appreciation of life [(11.51±3.80) scores], meanwhile, the spiritual change [(5.07±2.67) scores] had no significant growth. The sum of PTGI was related positively to the role function of the patients. New possibilities (r=0.193), personal strength (r=0.290) and appreciation of life (r=0.284) were correlated positively with global health status. Multiple regression analysis indicated that personal strength (β=0.373, t=3.66) and appreciation of life (β=0.322, t=2.99) could predict positively to global health status, however, relating to others predicted negatively to global health status (β=-0.396, t=-3.63). Conclusion Posttraumatic growth has been found in cancer patients, including some predicting factors of patients' quality of life, such as personal strength, life appreciation and relating to others.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of erlotinib associated conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy in treatment (IMRT) of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 23 patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The patients′ therapeutic methods: erlotinib was taken continuously and orally at 100 mg/time, 1 time/d until disease progressed or serious adverse reactions happened; intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was used combined with erlotinib at 50.4 Gy, 1 time/d, 1.8 Gy/time, 5 times/week, total 28 times. Tumor response was evaluated at the end of radiotherapy after 4 weeks. Results In 23 patients, there was partial response in 10 cases, stable disease in 9 cases and progress disease in 4 cases. The objective response rate was 43.5%(10/23), and the median survival time was 11.3 months. Adverse reactions included fatigue, rash, bone marrow suppression, nausea and diarrhea. The adverse reactions were mostly tolerable with grade 1-2. Conclusions Erlotinib combined with IMRT is safe and effective in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma, which is worthy of further study.