Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious type of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can develop into life-threatening liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a type of pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity, and after being activated, it can trigger a cascade reaction and activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) which mediates inflammatory response. The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is a classic inflammatory pathway. In clinical practice, traditional Chinese medicine has achieved a good effect in the treatment of NASH, and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is one of the approaches for traditional Chinese medicine to treat NASH. By searching the relevant literature, this article summarizes the active components and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine that can regulate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate NASH, so as to provide ideas for future research and medication.