OBJECTIVETo determine the age-related normal ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in men free of prostate cancer in Beijing.

METHODSForm April 2010 to October 2011, 1611 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations in our hospital were enrolled and received examinations with serum PSA test, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. The men with abnormalities in any two of the three examinations were referred to a prostate biopsy. The men with normal results in any two of the examinations or with a negative biopsy finding were defined as men without prostate cancer. Men with a prior history of prostate cancer/surgery or with urinary tract infection/obstruction were excluded.

RESULTSA total of 1572 men without prostate cancer were finally included in this study and stratified into 5 age groups, namely 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and older than 80 years groups. The median PSA values (95th percentile ranges) of these age groups were 0.506 (1.565), 1.04 (2.920), 1.16 (4.113), 1.34 (5.561), and 2.975(7.285), respectively, and the 25th to 75th percentiles were 0.343 to 0.923, 0.663 to 1.580, 0.693 to 2.203, 0.789 to 2.368, and 1.188 to 4.295, respectively. The serum PSA value was positively correlated with age (r=0.314, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONUsing the age-related reference ranges for PSA can increase the sensitivity for screening prostate cancer in younger men and decrease the biopsy rate in elderly patients.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Objective To determine the age-related normal ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in men free of prostate cancer in Beijing. Methods Form April 2010 to October 2011, 1611 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations in our hospital were enrolled and received examinations with serum PSA test, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. The men with abnormalities in any two of the three examinations were referred to a prostate biopsy. The men with normal results in any two of the examinations or with a negative biopsy finding were defined as men without prostate cancer. Men with a prior history of prostate cancer/surgery or with urinary tract infection/obstruction were excluded. Results A total of 1572 men without prostate cancer were finally included in this study and stratified into 5 age groups, namely 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and older than 80 years groups. The median PSA values (95th percentile ranges) of these age groups were 0.506 (1.565), 1.04 (2.920), 1.16 (4.113), 1.34 (5.561), and 2.975(7.285), respectively, and the 25th to 75th percentiles were 0.343 to 0.923, 0.663 to 1.580, 0.693 to 2.203, 0.789 to 2.368, and 1.188 to 4.295, respectively. The serum PSA value was positively correlated with age (r=0.314, P<0.001). Conclusion Using the age-related reference ranges for PSA can increase the sensitivity for screening prostate cancer in younger men and decrease the biopsy rate in elderly patients.

Objective To determine the age-related normal ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in men free of prostate cancer in Beijing. Methods Form April 2010 to October 2011, 1611 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations in our hospital were enrolled and received examinations with serum PSA test, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. The men with abnormalities in any two of the three examinations were referred to a prostate biopsy. The men with normal results in any two of the examinations or with a negative biopsy finding were defined as men without prostate cancer. Men with a prior history of prostate cancer/surgery or with urinary tract infection/obstruction were excluded. Results A total of 1572 men without prostate cancer were finally included in this study and stratified into 5 age groups, namely 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and older than 80 years groups. The median PSA values (95th percentile ranges) of these age groups were 0.506 (1.565), 1.04 (2.920), 1.16 (4.113), 1.34 (5.561), and 2.975(7.285), respectively, and the 25th to 75th percentiles were 0.343 to 0.923, 0.663 to 1.580, 0.693 to 2.203, 0.789 to 2.368, and 1.188 to 4.295, respectively. The serum PSA value was positively correlated with age (r=0.314, P<0.001). Conclusion Using the age-related reference ranges for PSA can increase the sensitivity for screening prostate cancer in younger men and decrease the biopsy rate in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transplanting a muscle flap to treat the postoperative refractory empyema with a bronchopleural fistula.Methods:From July 2015 to December 2019, the clinical data of 15 patients who suffered from postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula was retrospectively summarized. There were 13 males and two females with a mean age of 61.7 years. Ten cases had previous posterolateral thoracotomy and four cases underwent minimally invasive surgery. After conservative and endoscopic therapy, a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap, a pectoralis major muscle flap, or a free vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap was harvested from the ipsilateral local thorax or thigh and was transferred to cover the intrathoracic cavity.Results:There was no perioperative death. During a mean follow-up of 14.8 months, one patient was dead, one suffered from a recurrence of refractory empyema, and l3 patients had an uneventful course with no recurrence of refractory empyema and bronchopleural fistula. Postoperative chest computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging showed the empyema cavity was satisfactorily covered with a pedicle or free muscle flap.Conclusions:Muscle flap transplantation is an effective alternative for treating the postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula, which can achieve promising short-medium-term results.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transplanting a muscle flap to treat the postoperative refractory empyema with a bronchopleural fistula.Methods:From July 2015 to December 2019, the clinical data of 15 patients who suffered from postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula was retrospectively summarized. There were 13 males and two females with a mean age of 61.7 years. Ten cases had previous posterolateral thoracotomy and four cases underwent minimally invasive surgery. After conservative and endoscopic therapy, a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap, a pectoralis major muscle flap, or a free vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap was harvested from the ipsilateral local thorax or thigh and was transferred to cover the intrathoracic cavity.Results:There was no perioperative death. During a mean follow-up of 14.8 months, one patient was dead, one suffered from a recurrence of refractory empyema, and l3 patients had an uneventful course with no recurrence of refractory empyema and bronchopleural fistula. Postoperative chest computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging showed the empyema cavity was satisfactorily covered with a pedicle or free muscle flap.Conclusions:Muscle flap transplantation is an effective alternative for treating the postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula, which can achieve promising short-medium-term results.