Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to play an important role in biological processes,such as cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Founded on the high stability and minimal invasiveness,circulating miRNAs could be applied to the clinical practice as biomarkers.There are many technological approaches and platforms for circulating miRNAs detection but without a consistent protocol.Meanwhile,there are various factors affecting circulating miRNAs detection.In this review,technical factors and preanalytical factors in the circulating miRNA profiling are explored.

Background: A small shift in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assays can lead to different result interpretation and consequent patient management. We explored whether a small bias could be detected using conventional internal quality control (QC) procedures, evaluated the performance of moving average (MA)-based QC procedures, and proposed a new QC procedure based on the moving rate (MR) of positive patient results of hs-cTnT assays. Methods: The ability of conventional QC to detect a 5 ng/L bias was examined using the 1 3s/ 22s/R4s multi-rule procedure as deviation rules.We developed MA and MR procedures for the hs-cTnT assay using eight months of patient data. The performance of different MA or MR procedures was investigated by calculating the median number of patient samples affected until a bias introduced into the dataset was detected (MNPed). After comparing the MNPed across different procedures, we selected an optimal MA or MR procedure for validation. Validation graphs were plotted using the minimum, median, and maximum number of results affected until bias detection. Results: Our conventional QC procedures could not detect a positive bias of 5 ng/L. When a positive bias was introduced, MNPed was much higher using MA than using MR, with cut-off values of 5 ng/L and 14 ng/L, respectively. MR validation charts for optimal procedures provided insight into the MR performance. Conclusions The MR procedure could detect different errors with few false alarms. In the hs-cTnT assay, the MR procedure with a smaller cut-off value outperformed MA and conventional QC procedures for small bias detection.

AIM: To assess the bioequivalence of oral dexamethasone acetate tablets between the test and reference formulations in healthy adult Chinese subjects on an empty stomach and after meals. METHODS: A randomized, open, single-dose, two-cycle double crossover bioequivalence study was followed. Twenty-four healthy subjects were included in the fasting group, and 32 healthy subjects were included in the postprandial group, taking 2 tablets (0.75 mg/tablet) of the test formulation (T) or 3 tablets (0.50 mg/tablet) of the reference formulation (R) per cycle for two cycles. The concentrations of dexamethasone acetate in human plasma were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to the non-atrial model using WinNonlin 8.0 software.The bioequivalence of both the test formulation and the reference formulation was evaluated. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration of dexamethasone acetate tablets in a fasted state in subjects with the reference formulation are as follows: Tmax 1.13 (0.50, 4.00) and 1.00 (0.50, 5.00) h, AUC0-t (72.25±21.55) and (69.23±17.76) ng · mL