Objective To investigate whether blocking NR2B receptor can reverse the process of cytotoxicity to spiral ganglion neurons induced by sodium salicylate in guinea pig by applying ifenprodil (a NR2B antagonist) at the round window niche .Methods Sixty healthy guinea pigs provided by the experimental animal center of Guangxi medical university were randomly and evenly divided into a control group (Group I ,no treatment) ,an APL group (Group II ,60μl APL directly applied to the round window ) ,a sodium salicylate group (Group III ,60 μl APL di-rectly applied to the round window and then be given intraperitoneal sodium salicylate injection ) ,and an ifenprodil group (Group IV ,60μl of 10μmol/l ifenprodil in APL directly applied to the round window and then be given intra-peritoneal sodium salicylate injection ) .Sodium salicylate was given at 400 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 7 days .Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded before animal sacrifice by decapitation .The left cochlea was removed and prepared for detection of caspase -3 expression in spiral ganglion neurons via immunohistochemistry .From each group ,6 cochleae were used to test apoptosis index in spiral ganglion neurons using the TUNEL technique .Results Before salicylate administration ,the ABR threshold was less than 40 dB SPL in all animals .After salicylate ad-ministration ,the ABR threshold was 33 .33 ± 5 .17 dB SPL in Group II ,64 .17 ± 7 .36 dB SPL in Group III and 49 .17 ± 5 .85 dB SPL in Group IV ,in contrast to 31 .67 ± 5 .16 dB SPL in Group I (controls) .The caspase -3 ex-pression was not changed obviously in Group I and Group II ,but was significantly changed in Group III and Group IV (P<0 .01) .The caspase-3 expression appeared to be decreased in Group IV compared to those in Groups III (P<0 .05) ,but still increased compared to those of in Group I and II (P<0 .05) .The apoptosis index among spiral ganglion neurons in Groups III and IV increased significantly compared to those of in Group I and II (P<0 .001) .It was however ,lower in Group IV than in Group III (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Blocking NR2B receptor with specificity can reverse the process of cytotoxicity to spiral ganglion neurons induced by sodium salicylate in guinea pig .

To explore ethical issues related to the protection of AIDS patients' rights in the prevention and treatment of AIDS.This paper elaborated in detail the importance of protecting personal privacy of AIDS patients and protecting them against discrimination and unfair treatment in the prevention and treatment of AIDS.It also expounded the relevant ethical,legal and regulatory basis of AIDS patients'rights protection,and how to protect the individual rights of AIDS patients in AIDS prevention and control,while protecting the public health.

At present,China has not formed a complete ethical review agency certification system,actively participating in international certification and seeking external quality assessment is of great significance for the improvement of standard management and review capacity of ethics committee.Combined with the experience of Peking University Cancer Hospital applying for SIDCER international certification,this paper expounded the responsibilities of ethical secretary in international certification from the overview of international certification system and the work practice during the certification process,to promote the progress ethics committee applying for certification and achieve satisfactory quality assessment results.

Objective To discuss appropriate strategies of site visits in ethical committees ,to enhance the supervision of clinical trials effectively ,and standardize the implementation of clinical research .Methods In consideration of the lack of de-tailed normative description of site visit in ethical guidelines and relevant articles ,as well as the varying degrees of implementa-tion and understanding of site visits among different ethical committees .This article discussed the procedures ,contents and considerations of site visit based on the analysis of numerous site visits cases conducted .Results Site visit is one of the crucial procedures to more comprehensive ,in-depth and truly understanding of the implementation of clinical trials .It is helpful to help sponsors/investigators enhance awareness and compliance with the good clinical practice .It also helps to correct problems time-ly during the implementation process to assure the standardized implementation of follow-up studies ,and finally ,effectively protect the rights and interests and safety of subjects .Conclusions Standardized and efficient site visit strategy of the ethical committee is one of the important regulatory strategies in the implementation of clinical trials and is an effective supplement to the regular review of ethical materials .