Objective To detect the levels of cytokines in first-episode depressant patients and the influence on the levels of cytokines after the treatment with sertraline and venlafaxin. Methods The levels of IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α and IL-10 were measured in 80 first-episode depressant patients and 40 healthy control subjects. 80first-episode depressant patients were divided into two groups which were treated by sertraline and venlafaxin respectively. The levels of the same items were measured after 6-week treatment with sertraline and venlafaxin. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS. Results The levels of IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α in 80 first-episode depressant patients were significantly higher than that in control group( IL-2:(6.79 ± 2.89 )pg/ml vs (4.06 ± 2.05 )pg/ml;IL-6:(10.12 ±4.52)pg/ml vs (6.04 ± 1.79) pg/ml;TNF-α: ( 14.81 ±4.38) pg/ml vs ( 10.69±2.54) pg/ml)(P＜0.05). The level of IL-6 after treatment by sertraline and venlafaxin was lower than that before treatment.There were no significant difference of the levels of IL-2,TNF-α, IL-10 before and after treatment. No significant difference of the levels of cytokines were observed between the two groups which were treated by sertraline and venlafaxin. Conclusions There are some changes of the levels of cytokines in first-episode depressant patients, which might be corrected by the treatment with sertraline and venlafaxin. Sertraline and venlafaxin might have the same mechanisms to cytokines.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule on symptoms of TCM in patients with stroke and cerebral infraction. METHODS:112 patients were divided into 2 groups,84 cases for experimental group and 28 cases for control group using CDAS 2.0 software. Experimental group were given Xuesaitong soft capsule and stimulation agent of Yinxingye soft capsule 2 pill at a time for 28 days,tid. RESULTS:100 patients including 75 cases for experimental group and 25 cases for control group had been completed experiment. There were statistical significance in difference between 2 groups in respect of improving half paralyzed symptoms,speech lost,dizziness and quarrel skew. Above aspects of experimental group were better than control group. CONCLUSION:Xuesaitong soft capsule have sound effect on blood stasis in stroke patients in recovery period.

Objective To investigate the effect of urinary kallidinogenase on serum concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),and S100β in patients with cerebral infarction (CI).Methods From June 2011 to June 2014,80 patients with CI were chosen as study objectives.All patients were divided into two groups:40 patients in study group (urinary kallidinogenase group),and 40 patients in control group.The death rate,the rate of complication and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were compared between two groups.The concentrations of H2S,NSE,and S100βwas compared between two groups.Results In study group,the death rate was 5.00％ (2/40),the rate of complication was 22.50％ (9/40);in control group,the death rate was 12.50％ (5/40),the rate of complication was 15.00％ (6/40);and no significant significance was found between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The NIHSS was (11.2 ± 3.2) in the study group,and (15.7 ± 2.7) in the control group,with statistically significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the concentrations of H2 S,NSE,and S100β of two groups were decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).At 1w,2w,and 3w,the concentrations of H2S,NSE and S100βhad statistically significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Urinary kallidinogenase has a cerebral protective effect,which can decrease the concentration of H2S,and increase the concentrations of NSE and S100βin CI patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute oxidative stress induced by H2O2 on expression of senescence marker protein30 (SMP30) and morphology,survival rate of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs).Methods HLECs were treated with H2O2(0 μmol · L-1,100 μmol · L-1,200 μmol · L-1,300 μmol · L-1) for 24 hours,the acute oxidative stress models were established,the changes of cell morphology was observed,and MTT was used to analyze the cells state,the expressions of SMP30 were measured by Western blot.Results The cell density decreased,morphological changed and viability of cells significant decreased in 100 μmol · L-1 and 200 μmol ·L-1 treated group,the large and round cells appeared,the cell body stretched with unclear boundary.With the H2O2 concentration increased,the viability of cells were gradually decreased in treated group,there were statistical differences compared with 0 μmol · L-1 treated group (all P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of SMP30 in control group and 100 μmol · L-1 and 200 μmol · L-1 treated group were 0.273 ±0.055,0.464 ± 0.058,0.442 ± 0.050,respectively.There were significant differences between 100 μmol · L-1,200 μmol · L-1 treated group and control group (all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no statistical difference between 100 μmol · L-1 and 200 μmol · L-1 treated group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion SMP30 is up-regulated in HLECs under acute oxidative stress induced by H2O2,the cell morphology is changed,the viability of cells is decreased,and SMP30 may be involved in the process of acute oxidative stress in HLECs.

Objective: To observe the changes of circulating fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 level in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF).
Methods: Our work included 2 group, CHF group, n=55 patients and Control group, n=25 healthy subjects. Plasma level of soluble fractalkine (sFKN) was measured by ELISA, CX3CR1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell was examined by lfow cytometry method. The relationship between sFKN and NT-proBNP was studied.
Results: Compared with Control group, CHF group had increased sFKN level, P=0.004, and the patients with NYHY III, IV were more than NYHY II, and CHF group also had the higher CX3CR1 expression (14.7 ± 8.1), P<0.05. The CX3CR1 level increased accordingly with NYHY classiifcation, as the patients with NYHY II, CX3CR1 was at (25.1 ± 12.4), P=0.03 compare with Control group;with NYHY III, CX3CR1 was at (37.3 ± 11.0) , P=0.04 compared with NYHY II;with NYHY IV, CX3CR1 was at (41.7 ± 11.1), P=0.009 compared with NYHY II. The circulating sFKN level was positively related to pro-BNP level (r=0.364, P<0.01).
Conclusion: The circulating FKN l and its receptor CX3CR1 might be involved in pathogenesis of immune-inlfammatory pathogenesis in CHF patients.

Objective To investigate the regulation of swimming motility by H-NS in Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP). Methods VP was inoculated into the semi-solid swimming agar plate containing 1% Oxoid tryptone, 2% NaCl, 0.5%Difco Noble Agar, and 0.1% arabinose followed by incubation at 37℃ for 4.5 h before the diameters of bacterial lawns were measured.Total RNAs were extracted from the wild-type (WT) strains and the hns null mutant (Δhns), and the quantitative real-time( RT)-PCR( qRT-PCR) was carried out to calculate the transcriptional variation of flaA between WT andΔhns strains.The entire promoter DNA region of flaA was amplified and cloned into the lacZ fusion vector pHRP309 containing a promoterless lacZ gene. The recombinant lacZ reporter plasmid was transformed into WT and Δhns, respectively, to measure the β-galactosidase activities in cellular extracts using the β-galactosidase enzyme assay system. Results and Conclusion The phenotype results showed that swimming motility of VP was enhanced by H-NS.The qRT-PCR and LacZ fusion results indicated that the transcription of flaA was positively regulated by H-NS.Collectively, H-NS promotes the swimming motility of VP, at least partly, by activating the transcription of flaA.

This paper was designed to study metabonomic characters of the osteoporosis induced by high dose of hydrocortisone and the protective effects of Drynariae Rhizoma, which can replenish the kidney and strengthen the bones. A urinary metabonomics method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. Clear separation of healthy control group, model group and treatment group was achieved by using the principal components analysis (PCA) and 9 significantly changed metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of osteoporosis. Compared with the health control group, the model group rats showed lower levels of creatinine, citric acid, azelaic acid, hippurate, tryptophan and indoxyl sulfate together with higher levels of phenylalanine, cresol sulfate and phenaceturic acid. These changes in urinary metabolites suggest that the disorders of amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, gut microflora and anti-oxidative damage are related to osteoporosis induced by high dose of hydrocortisone and the potential effect of Drynariae Rhizoma on all the four metabolic pathways.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Osteoporosis ; prevention & control ; urine ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Polypodiaceae ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the effect of urate-lowering therapy on renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2-5 patients with hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods A total of 132 patients of CKD stages 2-5 with HUA between July 2016 and December 2017 in Department of Nephrology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were prospectively and self-controlled analyzed.Serum uric acid (SUA),estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 1-6 months treatment.The patients were divided into group A (CKD stages 2-3a) and group B (CKD stages 3b-5) on the baseline value of eGFR.The changes of SUA and eGFR before and after treatment were compared.According to the level of SUA after 6 months treatment,patients were divided into attainment group (SUA ＜ 360 μmol/L) and nonattainment group (SUA ≥ 360 μmol/L).The difference of renal function in pre-treatment and post-treatment was compared.Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the relationship among the change of eGFR after receiving 6 months' treatment (deGFR) and SUA level,baseline eGFR and other indexes.Results After 1,3,6 months treatment,the average levels of SUA,Scr and urea nitrogen of all patients were decreased significantly while eGFR value was increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.050) than those in pre-treatment period.After six-month-therapy,proteinuria and hematuria were improved significantly in all patients (P ＜ 0.001,P=0.001).Compared with pre-treatment period,both the SUA levels of group A and group B were declined significantly while eGFR had a significant rise after treatment (P ＜ 0.001).The change of eGFR post-treatment in group A was significantly higher than that of group B [(13.64±15.35) vs (8.97±9.79) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1,P=0.044].At 6 months after treatment,the eGFR value increased markedly in both attainment group and nonattainment group compared with pre-treatment period (P ＜ 0.001).After six-month-therapy,the eGFR value in attainment group was increased more obviously than that of nonattainment group [(13.96 ± 14.64) vs (8.03±9.69) ml· min-1· (1.73 m2)-1,P=0.021].Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the baseline eGFR value was an influencing factor of deGFR (b=0.161,P=0.020).Conclusions The renal function of CKD stages 2-5 patients with HUA can be significantly improved by urate-lowering therapy,which can effectively reduce proteinuria and hematuria.

Cystine is the primary source material for the synthesis of glutathione.However,the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cystine are largely unknown.A surrogate analyte D4-cystine was employed to generate calibration curves for the determination of levels of D4-cystine and endogenous cystine in mice by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Validation assessments proved the sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility of the method with a lower limit of quantification(LLOQ)of 5 ng/mL over 5-5000 ng/mL in plasma.The pharmacokinetics of D4-cystine were evaluated after administering injections and oral solutions,both of which minimally impacted endogenous cystine levels.The absolute bioavailability of cystine was 18.6％,15.1％and 25.6％at doses of 25,50 and 100 mg/kg,respectively.Intravenously injected D4-cystine resulted in dramatically high plasma levels with reduced levels in the brain and liver.Intragastrically administered D4-cystine resulted in high levels in the plasma and stomach with relatively low levels in the lung,kidney,heart and brain.

Biological pharmaceutics is not only the important basic course in medicine,biotechnology,but also the course of combination of theory and practice.Experiment plays an important role in the teaching system of biological pharmaceutics.According to the characteristics of biopharmaceutical and the demand for talent cultivation,we have made some adjustments from the basic process of genetic engineering drug preparation such as rearranging biopharmaceutical experimental classes to form a systemic experiment content,increasing the experiment lesson,innovatively making the students participant in the experiment preparation,and opening the laboratory and improve the method of experiment examination.It has been proved that this teaching reform can improve the teaching quality of experimental class,and has valuable demonstration significance and reference value to the quality education and experimental teaching reform.