OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of midazolam in child plasma.METHODS:Plasma level of midazolam in twenty two ICU children with mechanical ventilation was detected by solid-phase extraction-HPLC after treatment with midazolam for 24h.The separation was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column with acetonitrile — 7.56mmol? L-1 ammonium sulfate(gradient elution) as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0mL? min-1,the column temperature was 25℃ and the wavelength of UV detector was 254nm.RESULTS:The calibration curves for midazolam had a good linearity over the range of 0.05～ 25.00mg? L-1(r=0.999 8).The average recovery for midazolam was 99.29%.Both the intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 4%.The limits of quantitation for midazolam was 0.01mg? L-1.CONCLUS-ION:The method is sensitive,accurate,simple and rapid,and applicable for clinical blood drug level monitoring of midazolam.

OBJECTIVE:To make out the current situation and trend of antibiotics used in hospitals of Shanghai and to make objective evaluation METHODS:To investigate antibiotics used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the period 2000～2002 in respect to the sum of money of consumption,kinds of drugs,frequency of use and DDDs RESULTS:During the period 2000～2002,the average annual consumption of antibiotics accounted for 21 24% of the sum of money for total consumption of drugs and droped with an average rate of 1 9% In which,antibiotics for injection rised with a rate of 10 59% successively,and oral antibiotics decreased with a rate of 10 82% In amount of consumption,Ceftriaxone,Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime occupied the front places of antibiotics for injection And the corresponding order of oral antibiotics were Cefaclor,Cefradine and Amoxicillin CONCLUSION:The consumption of cephalosporins was the highest in the order of sum of money of antibiotics The market prospects of antibiotics for injection will be wide and bright

OBJECTIVE:To find out the situation of antidiabetic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai and to make objective evaluation as reference for production,sale and consumption departments.METHODS:To investigate the hypoglycemic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the period 1998～2001 in respect to the sum of money of consumption,kinds of drugs,DDDs and DDC.RESULTS:In recent 4 years,the annual rate of growth of antidiabetic drugs were 11.98% in DDDs?6.32% in DDC and 19.05% in sum.Among the increasing ranges of antidiabetic drugs in DDDs,joint venture drugs occupied the first place,imported drugs came second,and domestic drugs got the least.CONCLUSION:Antidiabetic drug is a kind of common drug which has developmental future.

AIM: To explore the correlation between drug concentration of etoposide (VP16) and CYP3A activity (CA) in leukemia. METHODS: The urinary 6?-hydroxycortisol/hydrocortisone ratio is a useful marker for CA. Concentration of VP16 in plasma and CA was determined by HPLC in 20 leucemia patients, and the correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Correlation analysis between drug concentration of VP16 and CA in leukemia was poor correlated (r = 0.725), but concentration of VP16 and lgCA showed a good correlated (r =0.969). CONCLUSION: It is feasible to adjust the therapeutic regimen of VP16 by determining CA.

OBJECTIVE:To make clear the situation and trend of drugs used for outpatients in Xinhua hospital during the period 1995～2001.METHODS:Data of drugs used for adult outpatients in our hospital during the period 1995～2001 was analysed.RESULTS:During the period 1995～2001,the average annual rates of growth of the number of prescriptions and the sum of money of prescriptions were 7.96% and 16.22% respectively.The percentages of domestic drugs,joint venture drugs and imported drugs were 80.56%,15.65% and 3.79% and the corresponding percentages of sum of money were 41.43%,47.65% and 10.92% respectively.The order of sum of money was as follows:cardiovascular drugs,gastro-intestinal drugs,anti-infective agents and antidiabetics,and the sum of money accounted for 22.92%,16.15%,14.84% and 6.46% respectively.CONCLUSION:In order to reduce the cost of drugs for outpatients,use of domestic drugs should be advocated.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use and trend of lipid modifying agents in 83 Shanghai hospitals during the period 2004～2006.METHODS:Lipid modifying agents used in 83 Shanghai hospitals were analyzed statistically in respect of the kinds,consumption sum and DDDs etc.RESULTS:During the period 2004～2006,the use of lipid modifying agents increased year by year,with mean annual incremental rate of 15.40% in consumption sum and 15.37% in DDDs,but the average daily costs had no significant change.Leading the list in terms of consumption quantity were simvastatin,pravastatin and fenofibrate.CONCLUSION:The development trend of lipid modifying agents is promising.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC assay for determining stability of5%aciclovir ointment.METHODS:A HPLC method was used for the content determination of aciclovir in the ointment.The stablity of aciclovir ointment under humidity,light and heat was studied.RESULTS:The regression equation of aciclovir with the concentration C to the peak heights A∶C=9.310?10 -3 A+0.159,r=0.9999(n=6);the linear confine was0.6～19.2?g/ml;recovery was98.51%;RSD was0.42%.The quality and content showed no significant changes under humidity and light.The labelling amount percentages of aciclovir were98.36%,98.47%and98.26%in the test at40℃,60℃and80℃respectively.CONCLUSION:The HPLC assay is proved to be sensitive,accurate and simple.The ointment preparation has good stability in the test at40℃and under high light.

AIMTo evaluate CYP3A activity of hum an liver microsomes by the ratio of lidocaine(LDC) to its metabolites. M ETHODSIn 1 g?L -1 microsomal protein lidocaine was incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 hour. Lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide(MEGX) and glycinexylidide(GX) were determined by HPLC. RESULTSThe linear regress equations fo r LDC, MEGX and GX were = 0 293 4 X- 0 005 661 (r= 0 9 99 7 )、= 0 791 3 X- 0 008 916 (r= 0 999 3 ) and = 0 679 9 X- 0 007 770 (r= 0 998 5 ). The best conditio n for the incubation test in vitro was 2 0 mg?L -1 LDC plus 1 0 g ?L -1 microsomal protein for 60 min. The mean (MEGX+GX)/LDC ratio was 3 2 8. CONCLUSIONThe (MEGX+GX)/LDC ratio can be used to evaluate C YP3A activity of human liver microsomes.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current situation and developing trend of the use of antidepressants in hospitals of Shanghai.METHODS:Using DDD as index,the data of antidepressants used in47hospitals in Shanghai during the period2000～2002were analyzed.RESULTS:The average annual increase rate of sum of money for antidepressants was15.33%.The sum of money for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)accounted for92.17%,and that of fluoxetine accounted for60.02%of the total antidepressants used.CONCLUSION:SSRIs occupied the antidepressants marketing predominance.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and the trend of development of quinolones used in156hospitals of6cities in the Yangtze valley.METHODS:Quinolones used in156hospitals of6cities in the Yangtze valley were analyzed statistically in respect of the kind,consumption amount and DDDs etc..RESULTS:During the period of2000～2003,the annual increasing rate for consumption sum,DDDs and the defined daily cost of Quinolones used in156hospitals were22.08%,2.16%and19.50%respectively,with that of the higher defined daily cost increased faster,of which the annual increase rates in consumption sum and DDDs were up to33.22%and33.59%respectively,while the increasing percentage of oral quinolones was8.57%and-0.88%.Levofloxacin,which ranked the first in consumption,accounted for48.22%of total consumption and25.66%in DDDs.CONCLUSION:The marketing of quinolones will be further expanded.