The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) containing 15 (LRRC15) protein is one of the members of the LRR superfamily. In the medical field, LRRC15 protein not only participates in parasitic, viral and other pathogen infections, but also plays a role in anti-tumor and rheumatoid arthritis treatment. It also regulates cell autophagy, stem cell ossification, and changes in hair follicle dermal papilla cell characteristics. This article reviews the research progress of LRRC15 protein in the medical field.