BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has clear efficacy and fewer side effects, because of its own pharmacological action, as well as the trace elements in it.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of metal elements and their total flavone in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG).DESIGN: Repeated measurement trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: SBG was bought on the market. Rutoside sample(F 20050930, Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Trace Element in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Medical College from April to July in 2006. SBG samples were dried and powdered then digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid wet method. And 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample, placed in 25 mL coni cal flask, 10 mL concentrated HNO3 was added, then sealed for overnight.10 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HClO4 were added respectively on the next day, and slowly heated on the electric hot plate; when only about 1 mL left, 20 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HC1O4 were added for continuous digestion till the solution was colorless and clearing and almost dried. It was diluted and dissolved with 30 g/L nitric acid, then transferred to 50 mL volumetric flask, evenly mixed for measurement. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect macroelement Na, Ca, Mg, K and trace element Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Alcohol extraction method was applied to extract the total flavone of SBG while UV spectrophotometry for the content of total flavone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The contents of metal elements and their total flavone.RESULTS: The contents of metal elements and total flavone in SBG were detected as follows: K (1 098.516 8±2.731 9) μg/g; Ca (6 561.552 6±78.716 7) μg/g; Na (9 530.491 2±44.176 6) μg/g; Mg (6 555.442 8±36.860 3) μg/g; Fe (512.075 0±5.135 9) μg/g; Cu (2.905 0±0.134 2) μg/g;Zn (30.081 0±0.740 0) μg/g; Mn (12.409 2±0.247 7) μg/g; Total flavone(17.496 2±2.134 4) mg/g.CONCLUSION: Metal element and their total flavone are rich in SBG.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies indicated that trace elements were closely correlated with the causes and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease, many trace elements play a beneficial role in maintaining the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular functions and structures, the trace elements needed in human body all exist in Chinese patent medicines, and different Chinese patent medicines contain different trace elements.OBJECTIVE: To make vague category of metal elements in 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic, and find the similarity of the contents of trace elementsand macroelements among the medicines, so as to provide evidence for researching the role of trace elements in the medicines and the correlation with the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.DESIGN: Ten kinds of Chinese patent medicines were powdered and accurately weighed, digested wit the HNO3-HClO4 wet method, the contents of metal elements were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry,mathematic matrix was applied in the vaguecategory of the data so as to find the similarities among the medicines.SETTINGS: Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The medicines were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Tongmai Ningxin Chongji, Fufang Yinxing Jiaowan, Dahuoluo Dan, Zhongfeng Huichun tablet, Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule and Di 'ao Zhibituo, all of which could be bought on the market. Reagents: The standard reserving solution for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr was the national criteria solution (NCS) with the concentration of 1.000 g/L (State Test Center of Ferrous Materials), that for Mn was the secondary NCS with the concentration of 500 mg/L (China General Station for Environment Monitoring). The concentration was 50 mg/L for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr, 20 mg/L for Mn, HNO3 and HClO4 were both in excellent purity, and the water for the experiment was deionized water.METHODS: From March to June in 2001, 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic were selected in the Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College, dried and powdered, completely mixed, 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately with analytical balance, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the contents of macroelements (Na, Ca, Mg, K) and trace elements (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn), the ratios of Cu/Zn and Ca/Mg were calculated, the method of vague category was applied to study the correlations of the medicines.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences of the contents of trace elements in different medicines were observed by determining their contents,and the similarities were found in the clustering analysis of the data.RESULTS: ① The contents of the trace elements and macroelements were rich in the 10 medicines, but they were different in different medicines.There were more macroelements in Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Dahuoluo Dan; The trace elements were more in Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. ② The contents of 10kinds of metal elements, Cu/Zn ratio and Ca/Mg ratio of each sample were taken as the indexes for standardized processing, and the method of maximal tree was applied for the clustering analysis. When r=0.55, five medicines had similar cluster, which were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Dahuoluo Dan and Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule. ③ When r=0.85, three medicines had similar cluster, which were Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. When r=0.95, the clustering analysis of trace elements of two medicines were extremely similar, which were Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. Both Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule had the efficacies of increasing blood flow, ameliorate blood stream, and they had many similarities in treating cerebrovascular disease.CONCLUSION: Trace elements should have the similar actions in the process of drug treatment, the Chinese patent medicines with greater correlation coefficient in the clustering analysis have greater similarities in the efficacy on cerebrovascular disease, and those with smaller correlation coefficient also have fewer similarities in the efficacy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevention from hospital infection and therapy in fracture patients.METHODS We analyzed the situation of hospital infection in the fracture patients ranged from 2000 to 2005 with reviewing and perspective statistical method.RESULTS Totally 43 cases were infected from 1345 fracture patients,taken 3.2%.It was the highest with infection rate under the age of 5(6.0%),then was successively at the 15-44 years old age,5-14 years old age,≥60 and 45-59 years old age.CONCLUSIONS The fracture patients or those experiencing surgical operation are easy to have hospital infection.It is a multifactorial result.For instance,the environment of ward,the disinfection measure in operation,the skilled degree of surgical operators,the length of operation time,rational selection antibiotics and so on,are all the important factors to prevent and cure hospital infection.Pay attention to the quality controlling every link,can reduce the rate of hospital infection among fracture patients.

Objective To explore the curative effect of the operation of double wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal for correction of severe hallux valgus.Methods The data of 62 patients (87 feet) with severe hallux valgus caused by enlarged distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) who were followed up after receiving the treatment of double wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal from January 2008 to December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.There are 9 males (14 feet),and 53 females (73 feet),with an average age of 56 years (range,28-70 years).Preoperative radiographs showed hallux valgus angle (HVA) was 48.6° in average,intermetatarsal angle (IMA) was 19.8° in average,and DMAA was 22.1° in avcragc.Thc opcration plan was made based on the preoperative deformity,and the osteotomy site,the angle,the capacity of osteotomy was all based on preoperative measurement.Compare the changes of HVA,IMA,DMAA before and after operation.The changes were also compared before and after the internal fixation extraction.The curative effect was observation based on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) propodium score standard.Results Sixty-two patients (87 feet) were followed up for 10 to 57 months,with an average of 21 months.HVA (14.6°±1.2°),IMA (7.9°±0.7°),DMAA (7.7°±0.9°) were all satisfied 6 months after the operation.Stiff occurred in 2 patients after the operation.Cutaneous nerve injury occurred in 2 patients,and metastatic metatarsalgia occurred in 1 patient.No sever recurrence of deformity,bone nonunion and bone necrosis was found in all the patients.AOFAS score reached 91.8±1.8 one year after the operation,which was 28.4±9.1 preoperatively.Among them,49 feet were rated as excellent,31 as good,and 7 as fair.The excellent and good rate was 92％ (80/87).Conclusion The first metatarsal double osteotomy can effectively correct the severe hallux valgus deformity with enlarged DMAA with few complications.It achieves good effect.Patients can bear part of the loading in the early stage of recovery after operation.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of vacuum-assisted closure in clinical persistent infection patients.METHODS Thirty two sufferers infected in soft tissue,bones and joints were treated by general methods but without durable concrescence.It lasted averagely 138 days.In our department it treated by vacuum-assisted closure in 23 days.Thereby a comparison of self-control came into being.RESULTS Thirty two cases were cured after following at least one year except for one case with recrudescence.CONCLUSIONS Vaccum-assisted closure is the most effective surgery therapy measurement and is a kind of unidirectional drainage.If we can use it felicitously then we can treat infection in orthopedics′ effectively.