More and more evidences suggest that the gut-brain axis is comprehensively involved in the entire pathological courses of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is a new source of its β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau pathologies and chronic inflammations in the brain. In this paper, the potential targets and application prospects in the prevention and treatment of AD are discussed from the aspects of gastrointestinal tract, intracerebral inflammation and intestinal flora.