Child ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Animals ; Antimalarials ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Artemisinins ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Plasmodium berghei ; drug effects ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based smoking prevention and control intervention program among elementary school students.

METHODSThrough two phase cluster sampling, 566 pupils in grade 4 and grade 5 of two schools were assigned to intervention group and control group. One year comprehensive smoking intervention was conducted in the intervention group. The assessment was carried out through three questionnaires: pre- and post-intervention, 6-month after intervention.

RESULTSAfter one year intervention, pupils in the intervention group significantly improved their knowledge and attitudes related to tobacco use. The rate of attempting smoking decreased form 7.8% to 2.6% and the rate of passive smoking from 53.6% to 41.8%. The difference between the intervention and control groups was statistically significant. However, several index started to decline at 6-month follow up survey.

CONCLUSIONThe result demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of tobacco control in elementary school and the positive effect must be developed.

Case-Control Studies ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVEBronchitis obliterans is a severe and extremely rare complication of respiratory tract infections in children and is characterized by massive atelectasis and collapse of the affected lung.

METHODThe clinical manifestations, characteristic imaging of two cases with bronchitis obliterans were summarized.

RESULTThese two cases complained of cough and episodes of wheezing with exercise. Chest auscultation revealed bronchial breath sounds on the right side. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan showed atelectasis of the right lung and dilated central airways. Mycoplasma complement fixation antibody (CF-Ab) titer was 1:320. The diagnosis of bronchitis obliterans was made according to the current diagnostic criteria. They were treated with low-dose erythromycin [5 mg/(kg × d)], ultrasonically nebulized Pulmicort inhalation, and regular bronchoscopic lavage. Follow-up of the two cases showed that case one had a partial lung re-expansion after six months, but case two had no significant improvement.

CONCLUSIONIn the process of diagnosis of atelectasis, bronchitis obliterans should be noticed. A conservative treatment is effective in certain cases, but pneumonectomy or lobectomy should only be considered as the last option.

Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Animals ; Chimera ; Humans ; Liver ; Mice

Objective To explore the susceptible factors of fever and infection among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who received cryo-ablation (CA) therapy,and to propose intervention countermeasures accordingly.Methods The fever and infection status of totally 428 HCC patients who received CA therapy was examined systematically;then the influencing factors were analyzed by single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis;and finally,nursing strategies were proposed accordingly.Results Totally 229 patients developed fever (53.5%),and 6 suffered from complicated infection (1.4%) after CA therapy;tumor size,CA area,Child-Pugh classification and preoperative leukocyte level were factors that contributed to the fever of HCC patients who received CA therapy.Conclusions We should attach importance to the susceptible factors of fever and infection among HCC patients who received CA therapy,and scientific intervention and nursing are the key to reducing the possibilities of fever and infection among patients who received CA therapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and mechanism of BSDW on the model of allergic rhinitis and the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking in guinea pigs.

METHODUsing the model of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs caused by 10% TDI, we observed the effect of BSDW on physiological and pathological symptoms of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs, the effect of the levels of serum IgE and serum and nasal histamine. Using the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking, we observed the effect of BSDW on physiological symptoms in guinea pigs.

RESULTBSDW significantly relieved the pathological symptoms of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs, alleviated the hyperplasia of columnar epithelium, decreased the number of monocyte and eosinocyte compared with the model group. It also reduced the levels of serum IgE, and decreased the release of serum and nasal histamine. BSDW significantly prolonged the occurent time of gasping, eclampsia and death caused by shock, reduced the times of gasping in the model of guinea pigs by histamine shocking.

CONCLUSIONBSDW has significant effect against allergy. The mechanism relates to its effects of decreasing the levels of serum IgE and inhibiting the release of serum and nasal histamine.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; pharmacology ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine ; blood ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cells (Th1/Th2) in peripheral blood and their roles in the severity evaluation in children with asthma.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty children with asthma were classified into acute attack (94 cases) and remission (56 cases) groups according to their clinical features, and the acute attack children were subdivided into mild asthma (54 cases) and severe asthma (40 cases) groups. Fifty healthy children were enrolled as a control group. The levels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg, CD4+IFN-γ+ Th1 and CD4+IL-4+ Th2 in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometer.

RESULTSThe mean levels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg and the ratio of Th1/Th2 in asthmatic children were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The Treg levels and the ratio of Th1/Th2 in the acute attack group were lower than those in the remission group and in the control group (P<0.01). The Treg levels in the severe asthma group were lower than those in the mild asthma group (P<0.01). There was a remarkably negative correlation between Treg levels and the asthma severity (r=-0.737, P<0.01), and the Th1/Th2 ratio was also negatively correlated with the asthma severity (r=-0.615, P<0.01). The Treg levels were positively correlated with the Th1/Th2 ratio (r=0.856, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe Treg levels decrease remarkably and Th subsets imbalance occurs in children with asthma. This suggests that Treg and Th immunity play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The Treg levels and the ratio of Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood may be useful in the evaluation of severity in children with asthma.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Objective To explore the distribution of water with high level arsenic and prevalence of arsenism along Huai'he River and the surrounding area of Hong'ze lake in Huai'an of Jiangsu. Methods Wate rsamples were collected and tested in 2008 from 18 villages of 6 towns according to history data in 3 counties like Xuyi,Jinhu and Hongze. Samples having arsenic level higher than 0.05 mg/L were investigated by epidemiological method and the patients were diagnosed by Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism. Results All 5199 water samples were determined,and 260 water samples were exceeding the national drinking water quality level (0.05 mg/L) in 3 counties,the rates of exceeding diagnosis were 5.6%(247/4454),0.7%(4/597),6.0%(9/148) respectively. Total detected rate of endemic arsenic disease was 5.94%(128/2155). The detected rates of age group of 0 ～ ,20 ～,30 ～ ,40 ～ ,50 ～ ,60 ～ ,70 ～ ,80 ～ were 2.86%(1/35),2.11%(2/95),1.26%(3/239),3.10%(16/516),5.53% (32/579),10.07%(41/407),11.84%(27/228),10.71%(6/56) respectively. The detected rate of male (9.10%,78/857) was higher than that of female(3.85%,50/1298,χ~2 = 25.46,P < 0.01). Conclusions Huai'he River and the surrounding areas of Hong'ze lake like Xuyi,Jinhu and Hongze are identified existing endemic arsenic disease area. The prevention of arsenism should be strengthened in these areas.

Objective By analyzing mitochondrial function,reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production under different levels of RalA and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression,to investigate the regulation role of RalA played in cancer metabolism and explore the possibility of its regulation role involved in Cav-1 and caveolae motility.Methods Firstly,RalA and Cav-1 expression were inhibited by siRNA in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231,and then the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP),ROS produc tion,ATP generation and L-lactate level before and after inhibition were assessed by Western blotting,confocal microscope and fluorescence quantification.Results (1) The decreased RalA and Cav-1 expression led to a significant reduction of MMP directly.(2) Low RalA and Cav-1 expression resulted in an inhibition of ATP production and an increase of H2O2 generation.With the reduction of MMP,mitochondrial malfunction was observed.(3) With mitochondrial function suppression,an elevated level of glycolysis metabolite L-lactate was also detected in RalA and Cav-1 deprived cells.Conclusions RalA and Cav-1 mediate cellular metabolic switch by inhibiting mitochondrial function and simultaneously boosting glycolysis.This regulation role of RalA depends on its association with Cav-1,and possibly is related to the endocytosis and motility of caveolae.The research findings enrich the cancer metabolic studies,and provide a novel approach for cancer therapeutic strategy targeted to cellular metabolism.