The aim of this study is to develop the Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels and investigate its pharmacodynamics. Oleic acid was used as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil as surfaetant, and 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant to screen the formula of Tripterygium glycoside nanoemulsion using the pseudo-temary phase diagrams. Then the nanoemulsion gels was prepared. The ICR mouse ears were sensitazated by 7% DNCB, and then were excited by 0.3% DNCB to stimulate the model of mouse chronic dermatitis and eczema. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-8 in mouse blood were determined by ELISA. The results showed that Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels could significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse ears(P < 0.01) and ameliorate the edama and erythema of model mouse ears skin. Also it could significantly decrease the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in model mouse blood. Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels had a good therapeutic effect on mouse model of dermatitis and eczema. It was expected to provide a new and long-acting exterernal preparation for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dermatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Female ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-8 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

NDV strain ZJ1 strain , a highly virulent NDV strain, has been prevalent among the waterfowls in China mainland in the past years. Multi-basic amino acid sequence distribute in the protease cleavage site of F protein of this strain. Recombinant expressing plasmid pCI-FT, was generated by converting multi-basic amino acid sequence of 112, 115, 117 of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein, to the non-basic amino acid sequence characteristic of avirulent NDV strain. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in COS-1 cells revealed that both mutant and parental F protein had fusion activity. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in CEF cells showed that the cleavage activity of mutant F protein was significantly reduced. The study built a foundation for mutagenesis of amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein at the full-length cDNA clone level, study on factors contributing to virulence and construction of candidate vaccine strain, and so on.

Eight fragments were amplified and cloned into pCR2.1 vector with the designed primers.The fragments,amplified with primer Ⅰ to Ⅶ,were subcloned into transcription vector to construct the plasmid pNDVZJI which contained the full-length cDNA of NDV ZJI strain.The eukaryotic expression vector pCI-L was constructed by subcloning the fragments,amplified with the primer Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅷ,into the expression vector pCI-neo.The full-length cDNA clone,pNDVZJI,with three helper plasmids,pCI-NP、pCI-P and pCI-L,were cotranfected into BSR-T7/5 cell expressing T7 RNA polymerase.After inoculation of transfected cell culture into embryonated chicken eggs from specific pathogen free(SPF)flock,The NDV of ZJI strain was rescued successfully,which laid a good foundation for the further related research.

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

AIMTo study the distributive character of safflor yellow A in mice.

METHODSA RP-HPLC method for the determination of safflor yellow A in tissues was established and applied to determine safflor yellow A in biological samples.

RESULTSAfter iv injection of Safflor yellow A in mice, the AUC of safflor yellow A was hightest in plasma, followed by kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen. But it was not found in the brain.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of safflor yellow A in the body is abroad and the speed of its process is swift.

Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinones ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To propose a new blood purification modality-hemodialysis with plasma- based dialysate (HD-PBD) plus high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) for patients with liver failure, and to evaluate the effect of this treatment on plasma cytokines.Methods Twelve patients with liver failure were included in this study.All patients received HD-PBD therapy in the first 6 hours,and then were treated with HVHF for 24 hours with the same filter (AV600).The levels of TNF-?,IL-1?, IL-6 and IL-8 in plasma before and after HD-PBD plus HVHF for 6 and 24 hours were examined respectively by ELISA,and changes of clinical parameters were observed at the same time point. Serum bilirubin,total bile acids (TBA),serum ammonia,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected before and after treatment.Arterial blood gas analysis and the concentration of electrolytes were monitored before and after treatment.Results (1)HD-PBD for 6 hours was more effective than HVHF for 24 hours in removal of serum bilirubin and TBA(P＜0.05). (2)Serum ammonia,BUN,Ser,arterial blood HCO_3~-,PCO_2,PO_2 and electrolytes did not show significant difference before and after HD-PBD (P＞0.05),but these parameters significantly changed before and after HVHF (P＜0.05).(3)The average level of serum bilirubin was sharply decreased after HVHF for 24 h following HD-PBD(P＜0.05).(4)After HD-PBD plus HVHF,there was a marked reduction of the plasma levels of TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8.Conclusions HD-PBD plus HVHF,a newly proposed modality for patients with liver failure,can effectively decrease serum bilirubin,TBA,BUN,Scr,ammonia and cytokines,and adjust water-electrolyte as well as acid- alkali balance.It is a low-cost,safe,simple and convenient therapy.

ObjectiveTo analyze Echinococcus infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau,Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,and to provideascientificbasisfor developing controlstrategiesagainstEchinococcosisinfection. Methods Echinococcosis infection in definitive hosts,dogs and foxes,was identified by morphological observation; in domesticated and wild intermediate host animals was identified by anatomy and pathology; some of the suspected samples were further identified by molecular biological methods.ResultsStray dogs in different zones of Qinghai plateau were infected with Echinococcus granulosus,the infection rates were 38.71％(300/775),49.60％(124/250),and 9.76％(4/41 ) in Qinghai southem plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =25.72,P ＜ 0.01 ).in addition,only Qinghai southern plateau dogs were infected with Echinococcus multiloularis,and the infection rate was 16.04％(98/611).The infection rates of fox with Echinococcus multilocularis were 22.89％(38/166) and 30.77％(12/39) in Qinghai southern plateau and Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley,respectively,and wolves were also found to be infected with Echinococcus granulosus in the same areas.The infection rates of domesticated sheep,yaks,goats and pigs with Echinococcosis were significantly different statistically in those different areas(x2 =82.70,41.82,212.63,194.58,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The infection rates of sheep and yaks were higher[43.43％(5664/13 042),49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％ (887/1674),42.18％ (779/1847),50.70％ (1049/2069),52.90％ (685/1295) ] in three areas.The infection rates of goats and pigs [3.26％ (7/215),0.00％ (0/108)] in Qinghai southern plateau were lower than that of other two areas[ 19.51％(119/610),26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716),21.91％(71/324)].The infection rates of Ochotona curzoniae with Echinococcosis were 6.21％ (243/3910),1.80％ (3/167) and 0.00％ (0/199) in Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.50,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,wild intermediate hosts of Echinococcosis,such as Microtus fuscus,Lepus oiostolus,Pseudois nayaur,Procapra picticaudata,and Prodorcas gutturosa were found to be infected only in Qinghai southern plateau.ConclusionsHuman is faced with a threat of Echinococcosis infection from various definitive hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau.And stray dogs are the most crucial factor.The life-cycles of Echinococcus are very complicated in Qinghai plateau.Qinghai plateau is a key area in prevention and control of Echinococcosis infection in China.

Acupuncture and moxibustion have obvious therapeutic effect on spastic paralysis of apoplexy, but there is no common standard for evaluation of therapeutic effects. Available standards for assessment of therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on spastic paralysis of apoplexy are not complete. Acupuncture and moxibustion improve clinical symptoms of the patient of spastic paralysis of apoplexy to a considerable degree, a evaluation system for results of clinical symptoms of the patient can be set up, so as to perfect the criteria for evaluation of therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on this disease.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Muscle Spasticity ; Stroke

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of periodontal infection on circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetes patients.

METHODS32 diabetes patients with advanced periodontitis participated in this study. They were compared to a group of 32 diabetes patients without periodontal disease, who were mathed with regard to age (+/- 3 years), gender and body mass index (+/- 1 kg/m2). The concentration of CRP on circulation was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSSignificant difference was found in the level of CRP and the percentage of subjects with elevated CRP levels > or = 3 mg/L on circulation between the two groups(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPeriodontal infection results in higher circulating CRP in type 2 diabetes patients. This elevated inflammatory factor may exacerbate insulin resistance and increase the risk for great vessels complications of diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; C-Reactive Protein ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontitis

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTRT) and malignant transformation of esophageal dysplasia.

METHODSTelomerase activity and hTRT expression in esophageal dysplasia (n = 47), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 29) and normal esophagus (n = 11) were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and in situ hybridization, respectively.

RESULTSTelomerase activity was detected in none of the 11 cases of normal esophageal tissues (0%) but in 21 of 47 cases (44.7%) of dysplasia, and in 25 of 29 cases (86.2%) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. There were statistically significant differences among the telomerase activity in normal esophagus, esophageal dysplasia, and in squamous cell carcinoma (chi(2) = 5.89, P < 0.05; chi(2) = 11.35, P < 0.01). hTRT mRNA was expressed in none of the 11 cases of normal esophageal tissues (0%) but in 23 of 47 cases (48.9%) of dysplasia, and in 24 of 29 cases (82.8%) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. There were statistically significant differences among the expression of hTRT mRNA in normal esophagus, esophageal dysplasia, and in squamous cell carcinoma (chi(2) = 6.99, P < 0.01; chi(2) = 7.32, P < 0.01). Significant correlation was found between the telomerase activity and the expression of hTRT mRNA (chi(2) = 57.91, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe mRNA expression of hTRT which paralleled to telomerase activity implied that there was a crucial role to play in regulating the activation of telomerase, and was closely related to the malignant transformation of esophageal dysplasia. hTRT might serve as a new, valuable biomarker to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Esophagus ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; enzymology ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Telomerase ; genetics ; metabolism