Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Embolism, Fat ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; adverse effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic ; prevention & control ; Chronic Disease ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular characteristics of Noroviruses causing outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou.

METHODSFrom 2008 to 2010, total 119 fecal specimens collected from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were tested for Norovirus. Partial sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, then the PCR production were purified, sequenced and put into phylogenetic analysis.

RESULTS50 of 119 specimens were positive for Norovirus by real-time RT-PCR. Out of those 50 Norovirus positive specimens, 9 were Norovirus Genogroup I (GI) positive, 35 were Norovirus Genogroup II (GII) positive, 6 was both Norovirus GI and GII positive. 12 PCR products for RdRp were selected for further studies on sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 5 GI norovirus isolates were belonged to genotype GI/2 and GI/3. Of the 7 GII norovirus isolates, 6 were belonged to genotype GII/4, 1 was belonged to genotype Glib.

CONCLUSIONNorovirus is a major cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou and the epidemic strains of norovirus isolated from Huzhou had a high degree of genetic diversity.

Acute Disease ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA Replicase ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of a novel gene Mip5 (GenBank accession number AY553870) and its expression under physiological and pathological conditions. METHODS: The characteristics of Mip5 were analyzed by bioinformatic programs including BLAST, spidey, psort, ClustalW and so on. RT-PCR was performed to detect Mip5 expression. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis showed that Mip5 gene lied in the 13th chromosome and contained 8 exons and 7 introns, its open reading frame contained 909 bp and its protein production was 302 amino acid residues including 6 kelth domains. Under normal conditions, MIP5 expressed abundantly in the heart, brain and kidney, but its expression could not be detected in the liver and muscle. Expression of Mip5 gene was increased significantly after ischemia-reperfusion compared with the sham groups, and reached its peak at 3 h and recovered at 12 h after the reperfusion. Conclusion Mip5 gene is a novel gene containing a putative open reading frame of 302 amino acids residues and may play an important role in rat cardiomyocytes suffering ischemia processing.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocardial Ischemia ; genetics ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; genetics ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To establish immortalized embryonic fibroblast lines in heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) HSF1-/- and HSF1+/+ mice and to provide experimental models to study the function of HSF1. METHODS: A mammalian expression vector (pSV3neo) containing the SV40 large T antigen was used to transfect the HSF1-/- and HSF1+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblast using Lipofectamine 2000. Colonies were screened by G418 and expanded to immortalized cell lines. PCR was used to detect the integration of the large T antigen with genome in the mouse embryonic fibroblast. Expression of SV40 large T antigen gene in expanded cells was identified by RT-PCR. HSP70 expression was examined by Western blot in the embryonic fibroblast lines. RESULTS: The stable growth and serial propagation were observed in the HSF1-/- and HSF1+/+ cell lines for six months. The mRNA of SV40 T antigen gene expressed in the two cell lines. HSP70 expression could not be induced in the heat-treated HSF1-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The immortalized cells of HSF1+/+ and HSF1-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts are successfully established.
Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Heat Shock Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Cardiomyocytes can resist ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) which is repetitive ischemia induced during the onset of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemic preconditioning up-regulated protein 2 (MIP2) is a member of the WD-40 family proteins, we previously showed that MIP2 was up-regulated during ischemic preconditioning (IPC). As IPC and IPoC engaged similar molecular mechanisms in cardioprotection, this study aimed to elucidate whether MIP2 was up-regulated during IPoC and contributed to IPoC-mediated protection against I/R injury. The experiment was conducted on two models, an in vivo open chest rat coronary artery occlusion model and an in vitro model with H9c2 myogenic cells. In both models, 3 groups were constituted and randomly designated as the sham, I/R and IPoC/hypoxia postconditioning (HPoC) groups. In the IPoC group, after 45 min of ischemia, hearts were allowed three cycles of reperfusion/ischemia phases (each of 30 s duration) followed by reperfusion. In the HPoC group, after 6 h of hypoxia, H9c2 cells were subjected to three cycles of 10 minute reoxygenation and 10 minute hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. IPoC significantly reduced the infarct size, plasma level of Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB in rats. 12 h after the reperfusion, MIP2 mRNA levels in the IPoC group were 10 folds that of the sham group and 1.4 folds that of the I/R group. Increased expression of MIP2 mRNA and attenuation of apoptosis were similarly observed in the HPoC group in the in vitro model. These effects were blunted by transfection with MIP2 siRNA in the H9c2 cells. This study demonstrated that IPoC induced protection was associated with increased expression of MIP2. Both MIP2 overexpression and MIP2 suppression can influence the IPoC induced protection.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Hypoxia/genetics/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/genetics/physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial/*methods ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion Injury/*metabolism/*prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo review and analysis the surgical results of 113 arteries Switch operations.

METHODSOne hundred and thirteen patients had been repaired by arterial Switch operation from January 2001 to December 2005. There were 60 patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum (TGA/IVS), 53 patients with transposition of great arteries and ventricular septal defect (TGA/VSD). The lowest body weight was 2.3 kg, and the youngest operative age was 6 h. The arteries Switch operation was performed underwent deep hypothermic circulation arrest and low-flow perfusion.

RESULTSThe total mortality was 9.7%. There were 5 deaths among TGA/IVS (8.3%), 6 deaths among TGA/VSD (11.3%). Following improvement of surgical technique, post-operative management and cardiopulmonary bypass, the operative mortality was decreased from 16.6% to 5.5%.

CONCLUSIONSThe main reason for operative mortality was abnormal coronary arteries. The incidence of abnormal coronary arteries was high at TGA/VSD. The surgical results was not infected by the position of great arteries. The low cardiac output was appeared if the ratio of left ventricular pressure and right ventricular pressure less than 0.6.

Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Transposition of Great Vessels ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome