OBJECTIVETo examine vibrio cholera (V.C) in aquatic products of littoral area, Zhejiang Province and to provide scientific evidence for administration of aquatic products and cholera epidemic control.

METHODSAll 990 samples of aquatic products collected from local markets, eateries and aquafarms in three chosen areas. Samples were proliferated in alkaline liquid medium, and purified in NO: 4 medium, the isolations were identified biochemically, and phenotype of strains were defined by phagocyte and coagulation with V.C. diagnostic serum. Three virulence genes (ctx, ace, zct) of the isolated strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSThere were 1.41% samples caught by V.C., having a carrying rate highest in turtles of 8.9%. 14 strains were defined as three serogroups, and the numbers of Inaba, Ogawa, and Hikojima types were 2, 2, 10 respectively. Virulence genes had detected in 9 of 12 stains. All genes were detected in 5 strains, only ZOT genes in 3 strains, and both CTX and ACE genes in 1 strain.

CONCLUSIONSAquatic products from inshore in Zhejiang Province caught with V.C. strains might be divided into three serogroups. Most of them should be virulence genes. Cholera epidemic outbreak might be caused by those contaminated products.

China ; Food Microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Seafood ; microbiology ; Vibrio cholerae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Virulence Factors ; genetics

Dental Pulp Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; anatomy & histology ; Odontometry ; Tooth Root ; anatomy & histology

BK virus infection is one of the common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), which is also one of the reasons of the hemorrhagic cystitis．In recent years, although there are more studies of the risk factors related with human BK virus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the risk factors related with BKV-associated hemorrhagio cystitis(BKV-HC) remain to be elucidated. Diagnosis of BK virus infection is mainly based on quantitative PCR of blood or urine. An effective strategy for treatment of these patients is the adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes specific to virus-associated antigens. In this review, the progressis of diagnosis and treatment of BK virus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are briefly summarized.
BK Virus ; Cystitis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Polyomavirus Infections ; Tumor Virus Infections

Objective The lentiviral vector was recombined with metal-lothionein ( MT) gene to identify the MT overexpression in human adi-pose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( hADSCs) after transfection and then to study the lead tolerance of genetically modified hADSCs with MT (MT-hADSCs).Methods The recombinant plenti-CMV-MT2A-EYFP vector was constructed with pLenti -CMV -hChR 2 ( E123 T -H134R)-EYFP and MT2A gene for transfecting hADSCs to obtain the MT-hADSCs.The overexpression of MT in hADSCs was identified by immunofluorescence assay.The MTT method was used to assess the cell viability of hADSCs, hADSCs transfected with empty vector, and MT-hADSCs, all of which were treated with lead acetate.Results The re-combinant plenti -CMV -MT2A -EYFP was successfully constructed and transfected into hADSCs.The overexpression of MT was positively detected in the MT -hADSCs.The tolerance of MT-hADSCs to lead was significantly higher than the hADSCs and hADSCs transfected with empty vector.Conclusion MT can significantly increase the tolerance of hADSCs to lead, indicating that MT can reduce the cytotoxicity of lead.The experimental results from this study provide more evidences for further study of using MT-hADSCs to treat lead poisoning.

Objective To study the cytotoxicity of multiple gliomaassociated antigens sensitized dentritic cell activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (GDC-CTL) on the human glioma cell line U87 in vitro and the anti-tumor effect of GDC-CTL on the BALB/c nude mouse model of malignant glioma in vivo.Methods Multiple glioma-associated antigens sensitized dentritic cell (GDC) and GDC-CTL were prepared and then analyzed with the phenotypes by flow cytometry.Cytotoxicity of GDC-CTL on U87 cells was determined by CCK8 assay and the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted from GDC-CTL co-culturing with U87 cells for 48 h was detected by ELISA at different effect/target ratios (5∶ 1,10∶1,20∶1).The T lymphocytes without activation with GDC were evaluated as the control group.The BALB/c Nude mice tumor model established by the subcutaneous injection of U87 cells was adopted to assess the anti-tumor effect.The mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group receiving subcutaneous injection with 0.9％ NaCl 0.2 mL,the model,intravenous treatment and local treatment groups receiving subcutaneous injection with 1 × 107 U87 cells in 0.2 mL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM).When the diameter of tumor tissue reached 3 mm,the model group was subcutaneously injected with 0.9％ NaC1 0.2 mL surrounding the tumor,while the intravenous treatment group and local treatment group were injected with 0.2 × 107 GDC-CTL in 0.2 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS) through the tail vein and subcutaneous injection into the surrounding area of the tumor respectively,3 times a week for 2 weeks.The tumor volume was calculated and the pathological changes in the tumor tissues were observed for comparison.Results Matured GDC expressing the high levels of CD83,CD1a and HLA-DR successfully activated GDC-CTL in which 93.00％ of CD3 + T lymphocytes and 69.00％ of CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes were detected.In vitro experiments proved that the killing rates of GDC-CTL and T lymphocytes on U87 cells were (24.35 ±1.12)％ vs (15.21 ±0.91)％,(38.57±2.10)％ vs (23.35 ±1.30)％,(59.44±3.79)％ vs (35.23 ± 2.33) ％,and the IFN-γlevels secreted from GDC-CTL and T lymphocytes co-culturing with U87 cells were (405.36±27.65) vs (371.11 ±23.23) pg · mL-1,(1509.22 ±97.16) vs (913.54 ±48.35) pg · mL-1,(2429.57 ±183.18) vs (1814.97 ± 123.24) pg · mL-1,at the different effect/target ratios of 5∶1,10∶1 and 20∶1 respectively.There were significant differences between this two groups at the effect/target ratios of 10∶1 and 20∶1 (P ＜0.05).The results obtained from the in vivo experiments showed that the tumor volumes in the intravenous treatment group and local treatment group shrank 34.83％ and 45.37％ respectively,when comparing with the model group (100.00％,P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of tumor tissues showed that the tumor cells in the local treatment group and intravenous treatment group were significandy decreased.Conclusion The experimental results that GDC-CTL can significantly inhibit the growth of ghoma provide more evidences to further study the effective targeting therapy on glioma.

Acupuncture ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; China ; Complementary Therapies ; standards ; Guideline Adherence ; Herpes Zoster ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index

Objective To study the cytotoxicity of bi-chimeric antigen receptors modified T lymphocytes (BiCAR-T) on the human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line HL60 in vitro and the anti-tumor effects of BiCAR-T on the NOD SCID mouse model of AML in vivo.Methods The BiCAR-T were prepared and the expression of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) of prepared BiCAR-T was analyzed by flow cytometry.In vitro study was divided into two groups:the experiment group (BiCAR-T) and the control group (T lymphocyte).The killing rate of BiCAR-T in vitro on HL60 cells was determined by CCK8 assay and the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted from BiCAR-T co-culturing with HL60 cells for 48 hours was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different effect/target ratios (5∶1,10 ∶ 1,20 ∶ 1).The NOD SCID mice AML model was established by the injection of HL60 cells through tail vein and used to assess the antitumor effects in vivo.The mice were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table:the blank control group receiving 0.9％ NaCl 0.2 ml through tail vein,the model group and the treatment group receiving 1 × 107 HL60 cells in 0.2 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS).After 20 days,the treatment group was injected with 2 × 107BiCAR-T in 0.2 ml PBS 3 times a week for 2 weeks,while the other two groups received 0.9％ NaCl 0.2 ml.The pathological changes in the mice livers and spleens were observed after 2 weeks of treatment.Results The CAR expression rates of BiCAR-T were more than 50.00％.In vitro experiments proved that the killing rates of BiCAR-T in the experimental group and T lymphocytes in the control group on HL60 cells were (25.43 ±1.32)％ vs.(16.18 ±0.75)％,(50.33±3.11)％ vs.(25.47±1.27)％,and (85.89 ± 3.96) ％ vs.(49.45 ± 2.77) ％ at different effect/target ratios (5 ∶ 1,10 ∶ 1,20 ∶ 1).The killing efficiency of BiCAR-T and T lymphocytes on HL60 cells was significantly different (F =404.17,P ＜ 0.001);the killing efficiency of BiCAR-T and T lymphocytes on HL60 cells was significantly different at different effect/ target ratios (F =548.09,P ＜ 0.001);and the killing efficiency on HL60 cells in the experimental group (BiCAR-T) was significantly higher than that in the control group (T lymphocytes) at different effect/target ratios (F =45.36,P ＜ 0.001).The IFN-γlevels secreted from BiCAR-T in the experiment group and T lymphocytes in the control group co-culturing with HL60 ceils after 48 h were (435.65 ± 20.44) pg/ml vs.(356.75 ± 19.87) pg/ml,(1 639.98 ± 95.75) pg/ml vs.(1 109.37 ± 80.98) pg/ml,and (3 467.43 ± 187.54)pg/ml vs.(2 245.52 ± 112.66)pg/ml.The IFN-γlevel in the experiment group (BiCAR-T) and the control group (T lymphocytes) was significantly different (F =156.24,P ＜ 0.001);the IFN-γ level was significantly different at different effect/target ratios (F =857.67,P ＜ 0.001);the IFN-γlevel in the experimental group (BiCAR-T) was significantly higher than that in the control group (T lymphocytes) at different effect/ target ratios of 5 ∶ 1,10 ∶ 1,20 ∶ 1,respectively (F =46.31,P ＜ 0.001).The result of hematoxylineosin staining (HE) staining showed that leukocyte infiltration in the treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the model group.Conclusion The experimental results showed that BiCAR-T is a kind of efficient targeted immunocyte modified by gene engineering,and it can significantly inhibit leukocyte infiltration of AML in vivo and in vitro.

Measurement of corpse temperature is mainly used for estimation of early postmortem interval, and rectal temperature is often used as a representative of body's core temperature in actual work because it is simple, quick and non-invasive. At present, the rectal temperature postmortem interval estimation method internationally accepted and widely used is HENSSGE's nomogram method, while many domestic scholars also deduced their own regression equations through a large number of case data. Estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature still needs further study. The nomogram method needs to be optimized and extended, and quantification of its influencing factors needs to be dealt with more scientifically. There is still a lack of consensus on the probability and duration of the temperature plateau. There is no clear understanding of the probability and extent of the change in initial temperature caused by various causes. New methods and ideas enrich methodological research, but it still lacks systemicity and practicality. This article reviews the researches on estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature in order to summarize the current situation of previous researches and seek new breakthrough points. Because the decline of body temperature can be easily influenced by many factors in vitro and vivo, and the influencing factors in different regions vary greatly, regionalization research and application may be a practical exploration to improve the accuracy of postmortem interval determination.
Autopsy ; Body Temperature ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Probability ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of Pseudomonas peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PsP). Methods The data of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis in four tertiary hospitals in Jilin province from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the etiological classification,the patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)were classified into PsP group and non-PsP group.The incidence of PsP was calculated,and the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the two groups were compared.Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve,and Cox regression was performed to analyze the risk factors affecting the technical failure of PsP.The treatment options of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-caused PDAP and the drug sensitivity of PsP were summarized. Results A total of 1530 peritoneal dialysis patients with complete data were included in this study,among which 439 patients had 664 times of PDAP.The incidence of PsP was 0.007 episodes/patient-year.PsP group had higher proportion of refractory peritonitis(41.38% vs.19.69%,P=0.005),lower cure rate(55.17% vs.80.79%, P=0.001),and higher extubation rate(24.14% vs.7.09%,P=0.003)than non-PsP group.The technical survival rate of PsP group was lower than that of non-PsP group(P<0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was an independent risk factor for technical failure in patients with PsP(HR=9.020,95%CI=1.141-71.279,P=0.037).Pseudomonas was highly sensitive to amikacin,meropenem,and piperacillin-tazobactam while highly resistant to compound sulfamethoxazole,cefazolin,and ampicillin. Conclusion The treatment outcome of PsP is worse than that of non-PsP,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an independent risk factor for technical failure of PsP.
Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Peritonitis/etiology* ; Pseudomonas ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications