Objective To observe the effect of stanozolol(ST) on long bone growth and maturation of pubertal female rats treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa).Methods At 3 weeks of age,42 female Sprague-Dawley rats(brood) were divided into 7 groups(ST dosage groups,as 5 000 ?g/100 g group,200 ?g/100 g group,100 ?g/100 g group,50 ?g/100 g group,25 ?g/100 g group,solvent control group and blank control group)(n=6).Forty-eight female rats were divided into 8 groups(ST therapeutic duration)(n=6).Rats received 2.5 mg/kg im slow-released GnRHa(triptorelin,as 2 d group,3 d group,5 d group,7 d group,10 d group,13 d group,soluent control group and blank control group) which was repeated every 2 weeks for 2 times,3 days after the 2nd GnRHa(D1),ST dosage groups were subcutaneously administrated ST at the various dosage daily(D1-D13).ST therapeutic duration groups were subcutaneously administrated ST at the dosage of 100 ?g/100 g daily for different duration.All the rats were killed on the D14.On the day of sacrifice,body weight,body length and left tibial length were measured,plasma were taken for determining insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),right tibia were fixed,demineralized and processed for paraffin-embedding.Paraff sections were HE stained for growth plate measurements.proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) on growth plate was analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining and image.Results 1.In the 5 000 ?g/100 g ST dosage group,the weight,Height and tibial length exceeded than those of the other dosage and control groups(Pa

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing microsurgery for cerebellar medulloblastoma. Methods This retrospective analysis of the clinical and follow-up data involves 57 patients who received microsurgery for pathologically confirmed cerebellar medulloblastorna, and the microsurgical techniques for medulloblastoma were discussed. Results Among the 57 patients, 42 had total tumor resection, 13 had subtotal and 2 had partial resection of the tumors. Patency of the midbrain aqueduct was achieved in all the cases after the surgery. Hydrocephalus was found in 43 patients before the operation and only in 16 patients after the operation. Tumor relapse occurred in 19 patients 2 years after the operation, including 8 with implantation metastasis compromising the central nervous system and 1 patient with frontal lobe metastasis who received reoperations. The earliest tumor relapse occurred 20 days after the surgery. The 2- and 5-year postoperative survival rates in these patients were 68.4% and 49.1%, respectively. Conclusion Good therapeutic effects can be achieved with total resection of the tumors and postoperative whole brain and spinal cord radiotherapy in patients with medulloblastomas.

BACKGROUNDOverexpression of G-protein coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) affects the progression and prognosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma, however, the role of GPR34 in gastric cancer development and progression has not been well-determined. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of GPR34 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSThe expression of GPR34 in gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. HGC-27 cells were employed to construct the stable GPR34 knockdown cell model in this study. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to validate the effect of short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) on the expression of GPR34 in HGC-27 gastric cells. The proliferation, migration of these cells were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell. We also measured expression profile of PI3K/PDK1/AKT and ERK using Western blotting.

RESULTSThe ShRNA directed against GPR34 effectively inhibited both endogenous mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR34, and significantly down-regulated the expression of PIK3CB (P < 0.01), PIK3CD (P < 0.01), PDK1 (P < 0.01), phosphorylation of PDK1 (P < 0.01), Akt (P < 0.01), and ERK (P < 0.01). Furthermore, GPR34 knockdown resulted in an obvious reduction in HGC-27 cancer cell proliferation and migration activity (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGPR34 knockdown impairs the proliferation and migration of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells in vitro and provides a potential implication for therapy of gastric cancer.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Lysophospholipid ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

To investigate the relationship between the structures of methylhesperetin-7-alkyl ether analogues and their anti-inflammatory activities, nine new compounds, methyl-hesperetin (2), methylhesperetin-7-ethyl ether (3), 7-n-butyl ether (4), 7-n-hexyl ether (5), 7-n-octyl ether (6), 7-n-decyl ether (7), 7-n-dodecyl ether (8), 7-n-tetradecyl ether (9) and 7-n-hexadecyl ether (10), were synthesized with the lead compound of methylhesperidin (1). Their structures were confirmed by UV, 1H NMR, MS and HR-MS spectral data. The in vivo antiinflammatory activities of these compounds were tested on mouse paw edema induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and mouse capillary permeability induced by acetic acid with po dose of 300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). The result indicated that the anti-inflammatory activities of the synthetic compounds increased firstly and then decreased with the elongating of the length of alkyl chain. After 25-day oral administration of compounds 6, 7 and 8, the inhibitory rates on mouse paw edema of adjuvant arthritis (AA) were 31.9%, 38.5%, 39.1%, respectively. They showed the concentrations of COX-2 in serum of AA mice respectively were 79.3, 75.4, 73.9 ng x L(-1) and the concentrations of PGE2 were in correspondence with 275.4, 258.9, 242.6 ng x L(-1). The inhibitory rates of compounds 6 and 7 on mouse capillary permeability induced by acetic acid were, respectively, 42.4% and 41.5% after 5-day oral administration. Compared with the lead compound of methylhesperidin, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 6, 7 and 8 were increased and showed an effective inhibition on the symptom of adjuvant arthritis and capillary permeability in mice.
Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Capillary Permeability ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; blood ; Dinoprostone ; metabolism ; Edema ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Hesperidin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Random Allocation

[Objective] We explore the diagnosis of Smith-Magenis syndrome and its clinical features of children,to raise the domestic awareness of this disease.[Methods] In this study,the child received peripheral blood chromosome microarray analysis,blood routine and urine routine,growth hormone provocation test,insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ and insulin-like growth factor binding protein Ⅲ test,cortisol (8a) test,prolactin test,adrenocorticotropic hormone test,thyroid function test,liver and kidney function test,blood biochemistry test,fasting insulin test,2-hour plasma glucose test,the antibodies and antigens test of hepatitis B.The bone age measurement and the pituitary gland MRI were also performed.We use the above figures to diagnose Smith-Magenis syndrome,assess and observe the condition of the child in Smith-Magenis syndrome.[Results] In this case,the chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a deletion of about 3.6Mb fragments in the chr17p11.2 region,including main functional gene RAI1,which was associated with Smith-Magenis syndrome.According to the clinical manifestations and the result of chromosome microarray analysis,the diagnosis of children with Smith-Magenis syndrome was made clear.[Conclusion] Genetic tests are the standard for diagnosing Smith-Magenis syndrome.When children have special facial features combined with multiple system disorders,early genetic examination is conducive to early diagnosis,and can reduce the time and economic cost.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis and managements of hepatic artery complications in orthotopic liver transplantation.

METHODSThe clinical data of 107 consecutive orthotopic liver transplantation patients was reviewed retrospectively to assess the risk factors and the diagnosis and treatment of the vascular complications.

RESULTSThe incidence of the artery related complications in orthotopic liver transplantation was associated with the quality of the donor organ artery and the reconstruction way of donor-recipient artery intimately. The main hepatic artery related complications were hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis. The incidence of the vascular complications was 6.54%, and the mortality rate was 85.7%.

CONCLUSIONSThe main influence factors of vascular complications were the quality of the donor organ artery and the reconstruction way of donor-recipient artery. The key steps of organ salvaging and the patients' life saving were early diagnosis and treatment of those complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and the mechanisms of stanozolol (ST) on the proliferation, maturation and differentiation of in vitro cultured growth plate chondrocyte isolated from gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa)-treated adolescent rats, to study if ST mediates the proliferation of chondrocytes via the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), androgen receptor (AR) and/or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and interactions of the two receptor and IGF-1R receptor signaling pathway, to investigate the mechanism of the biological effects in ST promoting bone growth/maturity at molecular level.

METHODThe rats were weaned at the end of 3 weeks and intramuscular injection of triptorelin of GnRHa preparations, qow x 2 was started. The rats were sacrificed at the end of 7 weeks, and then the tibiae growth plates were taken out with sterile procedure. The chondrocytes were obtained by two-time enzyme digestion method, and the experiments were carried out with the primary chondrocytes. Immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Western blot analysis were applied.

RESULTThe results of PCNA demonstrated that stanozolol enhanced the proliferation of the chondrocytes, time-course studies showed that the proliferation were maximally stimulated by stanozolol after 2 days of incubation and decreased again after longer periods of incubation. The expression of p-ERalpha, p-IGF-1R and p-extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) increased with the incubation period of ST treatment, and reached the peak value at a certain time, and then gradually decreased. The expression of p-ERalpha, p-IGF-1R and p-ERK1/2 increased with the elevation of ST concentration, and reached the peak value at 10(-9) - 10(-8) mol/L, then gradually decreased. ST induced-p-ERalpha expression was partially blocked by ERalpha and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors. ST induced-p-IGF-1R expression was partially blocked by ERalpha and IGF-1R inhibitors. ST induced-p-ERK1/2 expression was partially blocked by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and IGF-1R inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONAs an androgen derivation, ST exerts its biological effects of promoting proliferation of the long bone growth plate chondrocytes via activating the classic ERalpha receptor pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and at the same time, by activation of IGF-1R. Both IGF-1R and ERalpha can promote "cross-talk" of two systems' receptor signal through mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; metabolism ; Female ; Growth Plate ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Stanozolol ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Characteristics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of combined use of stanazolol (ST) on the final adult height (FAH) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and apparently decreased linear growth during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy.

METHODSixty-three girls with ICPP and decreased velocity of growth of height (HV<4 cm/yr) during GnRHa therapy were divided into 3 groups based on the following types of interventions:group 1 (n = 20), GnRHa+ST [25-30 µg/(kg·d) every 3-month followed by 3-month discontinuation], group 2 (n = 21), GnRHa+recombinant human growth hormone [rhGH, 1-1.1 U/(kg·w)], group 3 (n = 22), GnRHa alone.HV, the advancement of bone age (BA) for chronological age (CA) (ΔBA/ΔCA) and FAH were compared among groups.

RESULT(1)Total duration of ST combination therapy was (12.22 ± 3.62) months, while total duration of combination of rhGH was (13.22 ± 6.80) months. (2)HV increased significantly in both group 1 [ (2.79 ± 0.60) cm/yr vs. (6.27 ± 1.98) cm/yr, P < 0.01] and in group 2 [(2.80 ± 0.50) cm/yr vs. (6.25 ± 1.98) cm/yr, P < 0.01] during combined therapy, but maintained at low levels in group 3 [(3.95 ± 1.10) cm/yr vs. (3.34 ± 0.95) cm/yr, P > 0.05].No significant differences of ΔBA/ΔCA were found among the three groups [0.25(0.11∼0.28), 0.22(0.15∼0.31),0.19(0.10∼0.32), P > 0.05]. (3)FAH was significantly higher than predicted adult height (PAH) before combined therapy, as well as higher than target height (THt) in both group 1 [(156.25 ± 2.90) cm vs. (150.78 ± 3.70) cm, P < 0.01, (156.25 ± 2.90) cm vs. (153.94 ± 2.62) cm, P < 0.01], and in group2 [ (157.33 ± 4.69) cm vs. (152.61 ± 3.92) cm, P < 0.01, (157.33 ± 4.69) cm vs. (154.39 ± 4.72) cm, P = 0.01].In group 3, FAH was similar to PAH [(153.88 ± 2.6) cm vs. (152.54 ± 5.86) cm, P > 0.05], and was less than THt [(153.88 ± 2.6) cm vs. (155.60 ± 4.52) cm, P = 0.02]. (4)In girls treated with ST, no hirsutism, clitorism or hoarse voice was recorded.No polycystic ovary syndrome was found by B-mode ultrasound.

CONCLUSIONIntermittent combined use of low dose ST therapy can increase HV and thus improve FAH in girls with ICPP and apparently decreased linear growth during GnRHa therapy.

Body Height ; drug effects ; Bone Development ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Growth Disorders ; drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Stanozolol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; epidemiology ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Prevalence ; Rural Health ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Health