This study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. Throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ILI who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shijiazhuang between January and December 2011. All specimens were examined by multiplex RT-PCR for the following 15 respiratory tract viruses: adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV types 1-4), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human enterovirus (HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A and -B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV-229E/NL63 and -OC43/HKU1), and human bocavirus (HBoV). Among the 483 cases of ILI, 214 (44.31%) were positive for viruses, including ADV (8.7%), HEV (8.7%), RSV-A (8.07%), HRV (7.45%), FluA (5.38%), HCoV-OC43/ HKU1 (2.9%), PIV-3 (2.9%), HMPV (1.86%), PIV-1 (1.24%), HCoV-229E/NL63 (1.04%), PIV-2 (1.04%), HBoV (0.83%), and FluB (0.41%). Twenty-six (5.38%) of all cases were co-infected with two or more viruses, most commonly HEV/HRV with other viruses. Cases of viral infection were detected throughout the year, with peaks in January and February. ADV and HRV were detected throughout almost the whole year without obvious seasonality. HEV was detected between April and November, with a peak of prevalence in summer and autumn. FluA and FluB reached epidemic levels mainly in winter and spring. All cases of RSV were identified to be subtype A. PIV infection was mainly caused by PIV-3. The positive rate of HCoV-OC43/HKU1 infection was significantly higher than that of HCoV-229E/NL63. The leading five viruses that resulted in ILI Shijiazhuang in 2011 were HEV, ADV, RSV-A, HRV, and FluA, and these viruses have different epidemiological features.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important signaling transduction components well conserved in eukaryotes and play essential roles in various physiological, developmental and hormonal responses in plant. In the present study, a MAPK gene, designated as DoMPK4 (GenBank accession No. JX297597), is identified from a rare endangered medicinal orchid species D. officinale using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. The full length cDNA of DoMPK4 is 1 518 bp in length and encoded a 369 aa protein with a molecular weight of 42.42 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.55. DoMPK4 protein contained a serine/threonine protein kinase active site (158-170), a MAP kinase site (71-174), and eight conserved motifs. DoMPK4 had a transmembrane (214-232) but no signal peptide. Multiple sequence alignment showed that DoMPK4 shared high identities (74.9%-80.6%) with MAPK proteins from various plants. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that DoMPK4 belonged to group A of the MAPK evolutionary tree, and is closely related to monocots. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that DoMPK4 is differentially expressed among the five organs including leaf, stem, root, seed, and protocorm-like body (PLB). The transcription level of DoMPK4 is the highest in the PLBs with 17.65 fold, followed by seeds, roots, and stems with 5.84, 2.28, and 1.64 fold, respectively. The progressive enhancement of DoMPK4 transcripts in the developing PLBs compared to that in the germinating seeds, suggests a role of DoMPK4 during the development of embryogenic PLBs formation in D. officinale.
Amino Acid Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Plant Stems ; metabolism ; Seeds ; metabolism ; Sequence Alignment

Lycii Cortex, a popular herb medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat different inflammation-related diseases. The aim of our work is to find the key constituents inhibiting NF-kappaB, a key regulator of inflammation. In the investigations of cell-based in vitro assays of extracts, we found that both ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract of Lycii Cortex inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB. Through bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified 4 phenolic amides including trans-N-(p-coumaroyl) tyramine (1), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (2), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (3), and dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine (4). Four phenolic amides showed differently inhibitory activities on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. Trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (3) was identified as the key component with an IC50 of 18.41 micromol x L(-1). It was suggested that the hydroxyl group at C-3 in trans-N-caffeoyltyramine might be a key binding site and its C-7,8-double bond might play an important role on NF-kappaB inhibitory activities as the link of the conjugation of pi electrons leading to a partial planar conformation. It might be inferred that the biological activity of compound 3 is attributed to the structure of Michael reaction acceptor containing alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones and benzene along with hydroxyl group in o-diphenol.
Biological Assay ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology

Adult ; Female ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; complications ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of locking plates in the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures.

METHODSFrom February 2006 to December 2008,108 patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with locking plate and DHS were retrospective analyzed. Fifty-one patients were treated with locking plates, including 23 males and 28 females, aged 45 to 86 years old (averaged 66.0 years old); and fifty-seven patients were treated with DHS, including 26 males and 31 females,aged 43 to 81 years old (averaged 64.1 years old). The outcome measures collected for statistical analysis on the following aspects: operative time, blood loss, drainage, healing time, complications and Harris scores.

RESULTSOne hundred and eight patients were followed up ranging from 8 to 24 months (averaged 12.5 months). In locking plate group, the operative time was (87 +/- 14) minutes; blood loss was (367 +/- 213) ml; drainage was (63 +/- 14) ml; healing time was (11.9 +/- 3.4) weeks; 7 patients had complications; and the Harriss score was (85 +/- 6). While in DHS group, the operative time was (115 +/- 23) minutes; blood loss was (582 +/- 243) ml; drainage was (98 +/- 16) ml; healing time was (12.4 +/- 2.5) weeks; 9 patients had complications; and the Harriss score was (84 +/- 8). There were no significant differences in the healing time, complications and Harris scores between two groups (P > 0.05),but there were significant differences in the operative time,blood loss, drainage between two groups (P < 0.05). Comparing with DHS group, the locking plate group was of shorter operative time, fewer blood loss and drainage.

CONCLUSIONProximal femoral locking plate is simple, minimally invasive,stable fixation with fewer complications, and is an effective method for intertrochanteric hip fractures.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Hip ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hip Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the current situation of emergency nurses' structural empowerment,competency,job satisfaction,and their correlative factors.Methods Literature review, interview and questionnaire were used to establish the emergency nurses' structural empowerment and competency model.300emergency nurses were structurally empowered,and their quality of care and job satisfaction was compared before and after.Results The quality of care and job satisfaction after structural empowerment was (98.45 ±1.36) and (98.19 ± 2.63 ),both of which were higher than that before structural empowerment (95.33 ±2.47) and (93.81 ± 4.54),and the differences were statistically significant (t =-4.468,16.136,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).After structural empowerment,there was great improvement in emergency nurses' selfevaluation,as well as their ability of critical thinking,receiving information,communication and health education,while there was little improvement in their ability of social support,logical reasoning and innovation.Conclusions Establishing structural empowerment and competency model for emergency nurses helps them position themselves and promote their development,as well as provides reference to select and train professional nurses for hospitals.

OBJECTIVETo construct a miR-155-based lentivirus vector to induce cyclooxygenase-2 gene silencing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells by expressing anti-COX-2 shRNAmir.

METHODSmiR-155-based anti-COX-2 shRNAmir template was synthesized and inserted into pLVTHM plasmid. The recombinant pLVTHM/shRNAmir was transfected into 293FT cells for packaging the lentivirus vector. After infection with the lentivirus vector, the GFP-positive cells were screened by flow cytometry, and COX-2 mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSRestriction digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed successful construction of the anti-COX-2 vector pLVTHM/shRNAmir. A subline of C666-1 cells was established after infection with the lentivirus vector, and the COX-2 expression in the cells was stably silenced.

CONCLUSIONThe shRNAmir lentivirus vector constructed may serve as an effective COX-2 inhibitor, which may facilitate future studies of gene therapy of NPC.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective All news reports (NR) that were related to public health emergency (PHE) were collected from the Southern Metropolis Daily (SMD) to explore the characteristics of epidemiology in the fields.Methods Based on the theory of communication that including both case and text analysis,qualitative analysis on all the NR regarding PHE published in SMD from the years of 2008 to 2012,was carried out and input to database using the EpiData.Numbers of articles as indicators were compared to show the yearly change of different types of events.Various features of the NR including coverage,source of information,location of the incident,style and size of news,with or without editorials etc.were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 18.0.Results Among all the 998 reports related to PHE,higher proportion was found in the events of Infectious diseases (35.3％)and food safety (34.1％) respectively.Events on vaccines and drugs used for disease prevention and control (8.9％),environmental pollution caused incidents (8.0％) appeared to be less frequent.Events related to occupational disease,poisoning,bioterrorism and biochemical events were rare.Looking at the monthly distribution of reports,we noticed that the peaks occurred in 2008 and in 2009,which were caused by the Melamine-contamination events and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.Between 2010 and 2012,figures of monthly reports were smooth,including some critical events from the interests of the media.Most events took place in Guangdong province (34.3％) and other provinces (50.9％),with some were from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan regions (9.5％).However,international events (5.2％) were less seen.Extensive coverage accounted for 17.6％ of all of reports,and 11.5％ allotted the editorials or other forms of in-depth reports.Most of the source of reports on infectious diseases and food safety were from the official release,however.The main sources of occupational diseases and poisoning,vaccines and drug incidents,environmental pollution related incidents were reported by active journalists through interview.Reports on hand,foot and mouth disease,influenza,milk safety,AIDS and lead pollution showed continued concern in the past five years by SMD.Conclusion NR on public health emergencies by SM had encompassed all 10 categories-related events formulated by the Ministry of Health.Sustained and in-depth coverage were more commonly seen.Fieldepidemiologists should learn interdisciplinary sciences on the theory and methodology of communication.They also need to interact with media people during the whole processes of public health emergency preparedness and responses.

OBJECTIVETo study the prognosis and the factors affecting the prognosis in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

METHODSSeventy-eight children with ARDS were enrolled. The states of their survival within 30 days were followed-up.

RESULTSOf the 78 children with ARDS, 51 cases demised, 27 cases survived, with a 30-days survival rate of 35%. The average survival time was 14.4 days (median: 8 days). The peak of death appeared within 3 days after ARDS. There were significant differences in aspects of age, primary disease, percentage of neonatal hyaline membrane disease, pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygenation index (PaO(2)/FiO(2)), white blood cell count and number of involved organs between the died and survived children (P<0.05 or 0.01). The Cox multiple factors analysis showed that the age (HR 3.924~3.938), primary disease (HR=1.817) and PCIS (HR=0.469) were the risk factors of death.

CONCLUSIONSThe peak of death usually appears within 3 days after ARDS. Age, primary disease and PCIS are the independent factors of prognosis in children with ARDS.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; mortality ; Survival Rate