The effect of CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3 on concentration/dosage x body surface area ratios (C/D'), adverse effects and acute rejection of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients were investigated. The CYP3A4*18B genotypes of 227 renal transplant patients were determined by PCR-RFLP method. The differences of C/D' ratios, adverse reactions and acute rejection were compared among all of the genotype groups treated with tacrolimus. The frequencies of CYP3A4*18 and CYP3A5*3 alleles in renal transplant patients were 30.8% and 74.2%, respectively. No significant association was found between the C/D's of tacrolimus and CYP3A4*18B genotypes when they were classified by two CYP3A5 genotypes (P > 0.05). While after the effects of CYP3A4*18B genotype were eliminated, the C/D' ratio of tacrolimus in patients with CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3 genotype group was significantly lower than those with CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype groups (P < 0.01). There is no significant difference in adverse effects and acute rejection among different genotypes (P > 0.05).
Adult ; Alleles ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; genetics ; Digestive System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Genotype ; Graft Rejection ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; therapeutic use

A simple and quick method is described for the determination of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A and ligustilide in rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The 5 active ingredients in the sample was extracted using 40% ethanol and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatography separation was performed using Agilent 1100 series HPLC system with a Symmetry C18 column and gradient elution with a mixture of three solvents : solvent A, acetonitrile, solvent B, methanol and solvent C, 1% aqueous acetic acid, 0 min to 5 min A: B: C 20: 40: 40, 5 min to 30 min A: B: C 60 to 100 : 0 : 40 to 0. The effluent was monitored using a VWD detector set at 321 nm (0-4.3 min) and 275 nm (4.31-30 min). The flow rate was set at 1 mL x min(-1) and the injection volume was 10 microL. The column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The calibration curve was linear (r > or = 0.99) over the tested ranges. The average recovery was 94.44%-103.1% (n = 6). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis in different harvest periods of L. chuanxiong samples. In this paper, single-factor randomized block design to study the 5 components content of L. chuanxiong on ten collecting stages. For the L. chuanxiong collected from April 15th to May 30rd, the content of 5 ingredients increased primarily, and then decreased. Determine the appropriate harvest time has important significance to the promotion of the quality of L. chuanxiong.
4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Objective To validate the value of age-adjusted D-dimer combined with clinical probability to confirm or exclude deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients.Method Elderly patients (≥65 years) suspected with DVT were evaluated by Wells score and D-dimer test.All patients underwent ultrasonography examination except for patients with Wells score ＜ 2 and negative D-dimer test results.Conventional cut-off value is 500 μg/L,while age-adjusted cut-off value is set as patient's age × 10 μg/L.We compared the sensitivity and specificity using the 2 cut-off values in confirming or excluding the diagnoses of DVT.Results The study population consisted of 624 patients [mean age (76.4 ± 19.3) years],DVT was confirmed in 192 (30.8％) patients.Using Wells score model,326 patients(52.2％) were scored as unlikely DVT and DVT was confirmed by ultrasonography in 44 patients (13.5％),and 298 patients as likely DVT patients and DVT was confirmed in 148 patients (55.0％).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value by conventional and age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value for diagnosing DVT in low-risk patients evaluated by Wells score model were 95.5％,40.4％,20.0％,98.3％ and 95.5％,61.0％,27.6％,87.1％,respectively,and which were 89.9％,67.3％,73.1％,87.1％ and 89.2％,89.3％,89.2％,89.3/％,respectively,in high-risk patients evaluated by Wells score model.Thus,specificity increased about 20％ using age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value compared with conventional D-dimer cut-off value.Conclusion The age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value combined with clinical probability evaluation could increase diagnosing specificity of DVT in elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the changes of left ventricular systolic function in patients after pacing in differ-ent sites of right ventricle.Methods:The clinical data of 95 patients requiring right ventricular pacing who were ad-mitted to our hospital from February 2018 to May 2020 were collected.According to pacing site,they were divided into right ventricular apex pacing(RVAP)group(n=47)and right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing(RVSP)group(n=48).The pacing threshold,perception threshold,electrode impedance,left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),stroke volume(SV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were compared between the two groups.According to incidence of cardiac insufficiency on one year after pacing,patients were divided into cardiac insufficiency group(n=18)and normal cardiac function group(n=77).Influencing factors of cardiac insufficiency in patients requiring right ventricular pacing were analyzed.Results:Compared with one week after pacing,on one year after pacing,perception threshold[(11.51±1.21)mV vs.(12.11±0.81)mV]significantly increased in RVAP group,P=0.004.Compared with RVAP group on one year after pacing,there were significant rise in LVESV[(25.32±7.63)ml vs.(29.77±12.36)ml],LVEDV[(58.30±15.71)ml vs.(68.33±25.31)ml],SV[(31.36±10.73)ml vs.(41.29±16.15)ml],and significant reductions in LVEF[(60.55±8.76)％vs.(54.10±6.44)％]and proportion of cardiac insufficiency(27.66％vs.10.42％)in RVSP group,P＜0.05 or＜0.01.Non-conditional multivariate Logistic regression model analysis indicated that LVEF was inde-pendent protective factor for cardiac insufficiency in patients requiring right ventricular pacing(OR=0.854,P=0.003),while RVAP and age ≥60 years were its independent risk factors(OR=9.041,4.145,P=0.003,0.024).Conclusion:Compared with right ventricular apex pacing,right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing can significantly improve stroke volume,and incidence rate of cardiac insufficiency significantly reduces.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene mutation in a Chinese pedigree and one sporadic case with pachyonychia congenita type I(PC-1), as well as to explore the relationship between the genotype and phenotype.

METHODSThe whole coding region of the KRT16 and KRT6A genes were amplified by long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six patients with PC-1 were studied, five of them were from a pedigree and the other one was sporadic. One unaffected member in the pedigree and 100 unrelated healthy individuals were also studied in order to exclude polymorphism. PCR products were directly sequenced to detect the mutation.

RESULTSNo mutations in the KRT16 gene were observed. All patients harbored a mutation in the KRT6A gene. All five patients in the pedigree had a mutation at codon 465 (TAC to CAC) which substitutes tyrosine (Y) by histidine (H). In the sporadic patient, codon 171 (AAC) was mutated to GAC, which changes the asparagines (N) to aspartic acid (D). No such mutations were found in the unaffected member of the pedigree and the 100 unrelated controls. The mutation of Y465H is located at the end of 2B and N171D at the beginning of 1A domain of KRT6A, both are hotspots for pathogenic keratin mutations.

CONCLUSIONThe mutations Y465H and N171D of the KRT16A gene were detected in the pedigree and the sporadic case respectively. The Y465H mutation was a novel mutation, and the N171D mutation was reported recently.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-6 ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pachyonychia Congenita ; genetics ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVETo improve the chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) bioassay for detection of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) based on the toxicity mechanisms of DLCs.

METHODSA recombinant vector was constructed and used to transfect human hepatoma (HepG2). The expression of this vector was 10-100 folds higher than that of pGL2 used in previous experiments. The transfected cells showed aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-meditated luciferase gene expression. The reliability of luciferase induction in this cell line as a reporter of AhR-mediated toxicity was evaluated, the optimal detection time was examined and a comparison was made by using the commonly used ethoxyresoufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity induction assay.

RESULTSThe results suggested that the luciferase activity in recombinant cells was peaked at about 4 h and then decreased to a stable activity by 14 h after TCDD treatment. The detection limit of this cell line was 0.11 pmol/L, or 10-fold lower than in previous studies, with a linear range from 1 to 100 pmol/L, related coefficient of 0.997, and the coefficient of variability (CV) of 15-30%.

CONCLUSIONThe luciferase induction is 30-fold more sensitive than EROD induction, the detection time is 68 h shorter and the detection procedure is also simpler.

Biological Assay ; methods ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; biosynthesis ; Environmental Pollutants ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Induction ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Luciferases ; biosynthesis ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVEBased on the 2002 WHO health survey data, to explore the latent relationship among self-reported health level, the actual level of health, the social demographic characteristics and the risk factors, and to analyze the influence of the various surveillance indicators on self-reported health and the degree that the self-reported health explained the actual level of health.

METHODSField tests for various components of the World health survey were conducted in nine countries during 2002, including India, Brazil, Burkina, Hungary, Nepal, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, and Vietnam (29 971). The survey questionnaire included a self-assessment component and anchoring vignette component. The self-assessment component data was adjusted and eliminated the affect of "cut-point bias" by using the anchoring vignette component data, and then was used to build the structural equation model on the relationship among self-reported health level, actual health level, social demographic characteristics and the risk factors.

RESULTSIn the final structural equation model, "the actual level of health" = 0.80 × "the self-reported health level" + (-0.04) × "the social demographic characteristics" + (-0.08) × "the risk factors" (R(2) = 0.66), and "the self-reported health level" = (-0.70) × "the social demographic characteristics" + 0.10 × "the risk factors" (R(2) = 0.55). The standardized total effect of self-reported health to the actual level of health was 0.80, and that of the social demographic characteristics to the self-reported health and the actual level of health were -0.70 and -0.60, respectively. And the 16 items of self-reported health consisted of 8 dimensions; and sorted by the power of impact to the actual health level, they were mobility, pain and discomfort, sleep, cognition, feelings, self-care ability, visual capacity and interpersonal activities.

CONCLUSIONThere were significant linear correlation relationship between the actual level of health and the self-reported health, as well as between the self-reported health and the social demographic characteristics. And the self-reported 16 items used by the 2002 WHO health survey played an important role in the health evaluation of population.

Demography ; Health Status ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Risk Factors ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency and safety of two-dose steroid combined with two-dose daclizumab and tacrolimus (FK506) regimen in liver transplant recipients.

METHODSThere were 74 patients who treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from September 2006 to March 2008. Expect for 7 patients who didn't measure up, 67 adult liver transplant recipients were randomized into two groups: conventional protocol group (n = 35) in which steroid was withdrawn in 3 months after operation, and two-dose steroid group (n = 32). Comparison of rejection, infection (bacteria, fungal and cytomegalovirus) and metabolic complications rates were studied between two groups.

RESULTSThere were significant differences between two groups in the rate of early postoperation hyperglycemia, the average dosage of insulin consumption among hyperglycemia recipients as well as the rate of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and infection during the follow-up period (P < 0.05). The rate of hypertension in early postoperation period, hyperlipemia and rejection rate during the follow-up period were similar in two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTwo-dose steroid combined with two-dose daclizumab and tacrolimus would be a safe and efficient immunosuppression strategy without increase the acute rejection rate hazard, that could reduce post-transplant infection and other complications from side-effect of long-term usage of steroid.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Immunosuppression ; methods ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Steroids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo select the optimal pregnancy time window of embryonic pig skin precursor tissue for xenotransplantation and study its ability in wound repair.

METHODSSkin precursor tissues were obtained from pig fetus of fetal age of 35, 42, 56, 70 days, and were minced into microskin and transplanted to dorsal wounds of BALB/c nude mice, then they were covered with residual skin after plastic surgery of patients or adult pig skin (white). The characteristics of growth and development were observed after transplantation. Pathological examination was performed on 6 and 12 post operation weeks respectively to observe the tissue structure and tumorigenicity.

RESULTSSkin precursor tissues from fetal pig survived and developed after transplantation, and the microskin fused. New tissue area from skin precursor tissues with fetal age of 42 days was (47 +/- 6) mm2, which was higher than that of 35 days (18 +/- 8 mm2), 56 days (31 +/- 12 mm2), 70 days (20 +/- 8 mm2, P < 0.05). The skin precursor developed into "intact skin" with hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands, and melanocytes were also detected in epidermis. The newly-grown skin tissue included epidermal and dermal layer, and obvious dermal papillae. Teratoma was not found after transplantation in skin precursor tissue with fetal age of 56, 70 days.

CONCLUSIONFetal pig skin precursor tissue with fetal age of 56 days can be used to repair wound as xenotransplantation.

Animals ; Fetal Tissue Transplantation ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Wound Healing

Objective To predict the monthly reported echinococcosis cases in China with the autoregressive integrated mov-ing average(ARIMA)model,so as to provide a reference for prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods SPSS 24.0 software was used to construct the ARIMA models based on the monthly reported echinococcosis cases of time series from 2007 to 2015 and 2007 to 2014,respectively,and the accuracies of the two ARIMA models were compared. Results The model based on the data of the monthly reported cases of echinococcosis in China from 2007 to 2015 was ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,1, 0)12,the relative error among reported cases and predicted cases was-13.97%,AR(1)=0.367(t=3.816,P<0.001),SAR (1)=-0.328(t=-3.361,P=0.001),and Ljung-Box Q=14.119(df=16,P=0.590).The model based on the data of the monthly reported cases of echinococcosis in China from 2007 to 2014 was ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,0,1)12,the relative error among reported cases and predicted cases was 0.56%,AR(1)=0.413(t=4.244,P<0.001),SAR(1)=0.809(t=9.584, P<0.001),SMA(1)=0.356(t=2.278,P=0.025),and Ljung-Box Q=18.924(df=15,P=0.217).Conclusions The different time series may have different ARIMA models as for the same infectious diseases.It is needed to be further verified that the more data are accumulated,the shorter time of predication is,and the smaller the average of the relative error is.The estab-lishment and prediction of an ARIMA model is a dynamic process that needs to be adjusted and optimized continuously accord-ing to the accumulated data,meantime,we should give full consideration to the intensity of the work related to infectious diseas-es reported(such as disease census and special investigation).