Two regression models, based on panel data over the period of 2000-2011, are built and used to analyze what factors determine China's exports of primary and semi-finished products of traditional Chinese medicine to ASEAN. The results indicate that, China GDP, the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita, average export price, the ratio of state-owned assets to total assets, have a significant positive influence on the export volumes of primary products of Chinese medicine. At the same time, RMB appreciation, the ratio of three kinds of foreign-invested assets to total assets, China-ASEAN Early Harvest Program, ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have a significant negative influence. In respect of the export volumes of semi-finished products of Chinese medicine, the significant influential factors are ASEAN GDP and the ratio of ASEAN to China GDP per capita. The former is positive and the latter is negative. In order to optimize the commodity composition of experts, it is needed to increase export volumes of both primary and semi-finished products of Chinese medicine. According to the analysis above, some proposals are put forward, such as, improving the performance of foreign capital, playing an exemplary and leading role in technological innovation by state-owned enterprises, taking advantage of bargaining power of suppliers, increasing outward foreign direct investment.
China ; Commerce ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Europe, Eastern ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

To study the chemical components and the antifungal activity of extraction from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2.The extraction were obtained by distilling with Methylene dichloride from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 cultured on wheat bran solid matrix.Antifungal activity were determined by mycelium growth method.The chemical components of the extraction were analysed by GC-MS,the relative components in the extraction were determined by area normalization.The extraction not only have broad-spectrum control,showed antibiosis against eleven different plant fungal pathogens in PDA dish,such as Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria brassica,Verticillium dahliae,Macrophoma kawatsukai,Fusarium moniliforme,Botrytis cinerea,Rhizoctonia cerealis,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Bipolaris sorokinana,Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria.mali,but also have high inhibitory effect,and had 89.3% suppressive rate to Rhizoctonia cerealis.About sixty components were separated and identified by GC-MS,majority components were Hydrocarbon,the number of the Hydrocarbon were fourty-three kinds.Ergosterol was the major chemical components of the extract,and has 41.90% content.Other components comprised:Ketone,Organic acid,Alcohol,Ene,et al.Conclusion:The extraction from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 have antifungal activity.The extration comprised 2H-Pyran-2-one,5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl,it has 2.35% content.reference others literature,2H-Pyran-2-one,5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl may be the suppressive component of the extration.

OBJECTIVETo look for the active fraction of ethanol extract of Genkwa Flos (EGF) induced hepatotoxicity and develop an UPLC fingerprint of the active fraction.

METHODTarget fraction of EGF induced hepatotoxicity was guided by the serum biochemical and histopathology methods. The UPLC method was applied to establish the chromatographic fingerprint. The separation was achieved on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.7 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.05% phosphate acid running gradient elution. The detection was carried out at 210 nm and the analysis was finished within 10 min.

RESULTThe chloroform phase of EGF could be responsible for the hepatotoxicity of this herb. The common mode of the UPLC fingerprint was set up under the established condition. There were 17 common peaks in fourteen batches of herbs, eight of which were identified, and the similar degrees of the fourteen batches to the common mode were between 0.890-0.999.

CONCLUSIONIt is easy to locate the chloroform extraction of EGF with hepatotoxicity. And the UPLC fingerprint was developed for the above fraction, which could provide valuable references for safe and effective clinical use of EGF.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; toxicity ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Humans ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Fufang Banmao capusle on the proteome of SMMC-7721 cells and discover potential molecular mechanism of anti-cancer at molecular level.

METHODSMMC-7721 cells were treated by Fufang Banmao capusle serum prepared with serum pharmacological method; proteomic protocol involving 2-DE, image analysis and mass spectrometry were used to detect the proteins in cells influenced by Fufang Banmao capusle.

RESULTApproximately 450 protein spots in SMMC-7721 cells were resolved and detected in 2-D gel maps from pH3-10L IEF. 47 protein plots varied over 2-fold quantitively between treated sample and control sample were uncovered. 13 differentially expressed proteins spots were further identified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and four of them were successfully identified. Annexin A5, heatshock 70 x 10(3) protein 8 was significantly up-regulated in treated sample compared with control sample, while Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A and Peroxiredoxin-2 was significantly down-regulated in treated sample.

CONCLUSION4 differently expressed proteins associated with the proliferation, apoptosis, immunity of tumor were detected and they might provide clues for the coming research. The protocol of proteomics combined with serum pharmacological method is an effective platform to research complicated formulas in that it is capable of laying out many proteins associated with Fufang Banmao capusle.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coleoptera ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Peptide Initiation Factors ; metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; metabolism ; Proteome ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Serum ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

An HPLC method for the determination of 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma was established, which was used subsequently to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of both epimers of glycyrrhetinic acid in rats. alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and a mixture of alpha-glycyrrhetinic and beta-glycyrrhetinic acids were administered to rats via gastric infusion. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Separation was achieved by using a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile--4 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate solution (46 : 54, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the software DAS 2.0. In a combined administration, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid are significantly different from that of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was obtained when administrated individually. Compared to the single administration, significant differences (P < 0.05) on the values of AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity) of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid were observed when this chemical was administrated together with alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid. In contrast, the pharmacokinetic parameters of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid were not affected even under the co-administration. Here, a sensitive, specific, rapid and reproducible HPLC method was developed for the pharmacokinetic studies of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stereoisomerism

Objective To investigate whether QKI protein plays any important role in the process of spermatogene-sis.Constructing GC1-spg cell strain which knocked out QKI by the technology of CRISPR/Cas9,and detecting its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of QKI protein in vitro.Methods The plasmid PX330 was used to construct QKI knockout recombinant plasmid, then transfected it to GC1-spg wild-type cells and selected by puromycin.GC1-spg knock-QKI cell strain was identified by Western blot and gene sequencing; The wild-type and knockout cell strain was cultured normally,then detected the growth curve by cell counting kit(CCK8),and using quantitative PCR to get the changes of meiotic-related gene differentiation.Results QKI knockout GC1-spg cell strain was successfully constructed.Compared with the control group,the growth of QKI knockout cell strain was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the expression of meiosis related molecular marker gene of c-kit, Mtl5 and Pspa2 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions QKI proteins can affect reproductive sper-matogenesis by acting on proliferation and differentiation.

To analyze and identify the constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of the active fraction of Corydalis yanhusuo, a LC-MS/MS method was established. The constituents absorbed into blood, their original crude drugs and their metabolites were identified either by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds or by mass spectrometry analysis and retrieving the reference literatures. Nine species are the original form in Corydalis yanhusuo, moreover, some metabolites in blood identified as glucuronide were found. The constituents absorbed into blood and the possible metabolites which demonstrate to originate from the active fraction of Corydalis yanhusuo are responsible for the observed efficacy. Its serum pharmacochemistry should be subjected to complete investigation so as to illuminate the pharmacology and active mechanism of the active fraction of Corydalis yanhusuo.
Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Glucuronides ; blood ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mining of plant-derived antimicrobials is the major focus at current to counter antibiotic resistance.This study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of linalyl anthranilate(LNA)against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(KPC-KP).LNA alone exhibited bacteri-cidal activity at 2.5％(V/V),and in combination with meropenem(MPM)at 1.25％(V/V).Comparative proteomic analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins,indicating membrane damage in LNA-treated KPC-KP cells.Up-regulation of oxidative stress regulator proteins and down-regulation of oxidative stress-sensitive proteins indicated oxidative stress.Zeta po-tential measurement and outer membrane permeability assay revealed that LNA increases both bacterial surface charge and membrane permeability.Ethidium bromide influx/efflux assay showed increased uptake of ethidium bromide in LNA-treated cells,inferring membrane damage.Furthermore,intracel-lular leakage of nucleic acid and proteins was detected upon LNA treatment.Scanning and transmission electron microscopies again revealed the breakage of bacterial membrane and loss of intracellular ma-terials.LNA was found to induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species(ROS)that initiate lipid peroxidation and damage the bacterial membrane.In conclusion,LNA generates ROS,initiates lipid peroxidation,and damages the bacterial membrane,resulting in intracellular leakage and eventually killing the KPC-KP cells.

Objective To analyze the cause, prevention and treatment of complications related to endovascular embolotherapy for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods Sixty-eight patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms received early endovascular embolization. Intraoperatively, artery spasm was relieved by papaverine infusion through microcatheter or balloon dilatation; parent artery occlusion by coils was treated by anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatment; ruptured aneurysms were embolized using mixed heparin; arterial thrombosis after embolization was ameliorated by the micro-catheter infusion of r-tPA thrombolytic. Results In the 68 cases, 8 cases suffered from complications, accounting for 11.77%. Among them, 1 case of extensive spasm of middle cerebral artery developed cerebral infarction and mild hemiplegia; 2 cases of localized spasm were improved well without sequelae; 1 case in which partial coils entered middle cerebral artery achieved a satisfied therapeutic outcome without infarction; 1 case with cerebral infarction due to coil dropping and 1 case with aneurysm rupture during operation received secondary embolotherapy without adverse consequences; one week after operation, 1 case died from aneurysm re-rupture; 1 case had hemiplegia owing to massive cerebral infarction. Conclusions It will do much benefit to secure the success of the operation by displaying the location, shape and size of the aneurysms as well as the relationship with the parent artery. Moreover, the proper choice of coils and well mastering of operative skills can decrease the incidence of complications, and adequate and prompt treatment of intraoperative complications can improve the prognosis of the patients obviously.

Objective To analyze the clinical and imaging features of a family(3 patients)with familial hemangioblastoma,and their diagnosis and prognosis.Methods The detailed data about clinical and imaging features of all patients diagnosed as familial hemangioblastoma,admitted to our hospital from October 2004 to May 2010,were analyzed,and the lesions of other regions,besides the tumor lesion,were observed.Results No lesions of other regions were noted in these 3 patients.Cranial MRI showed that 2 had cystic and solid tumor and 1 had solid tumor;,total removal was performed on these patients under microscope; regular follow-up was given and no recurrence was noted.Conclusion Familiar hemangioblastoma is serious hereditary disease; and MRI is the most important detective method; microsurgical operation is the most important therapy.Early diagnosis and treatment should be given to the patients with familiar hemangioblastoma due to its high recunence rate,having difficulty in operation and its trend to combining with other lesions of the other parts.