1.ENZYMOLOGY OF MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE CHEMICALS
Guo-Ping FU ; Zhong-Li CUI ; Xu-Ping WU ; Wei XU ; Shun-Peng LI ;
Microbiology 1992;0(02):-
Organophosphate chemicals are widely used as agricultural pesticides and war reagents, their biodegradation is emphasized on the theoretical and practical aspects. Organophosphate hydrolases play important roles in the biodegradation of organophosphate chemicals. Great advancement was achieved recently in the determination of crystal structure and catalytic mechanisms of the hydrolase. This paper reviewed the research progresses in the enzymology, protein structure, catalytic mechanisms and application of the organophosphate hydrolase, and predicted the future research in this field.
2.Effect of diabetes and insulin treatment on nitric oxide synthase content in rat corpus cavemosum
XU ZHI-SHUN ; FU QIANG ; ZHAO SHENG-TIAN ; LIU HAI-NAN
Asian Journal of Andrology 2001;3(2):139-142
Aim: To study the effect of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment on rat penile nitric oxide synthase content.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided at random into two groups: the Control ( n = 8) and the Diabetic ( n =17). Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic animals were then ran domly divided into two subgroups: diabetic rats without insulin treatment ( n = 7) and diabetic rats with insulin treat ment ( n = 10). The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the penile corpus cavemosum were assayed by immrmo histochemical staining with specific antibody to nNOS and the nNOS-positive nerve fibers were counted semiquantita tively under a high power microscope. Results: The nNOS- positive nerve fibres in diabetic rats with treatment was higher than that in diabetic rats without treatment ( P < 0.05) and lower than that in the controls ( P < 0.01 ). The nNOS-positive nerve fibres in diabetic rat without treatment were also lower than that in the controls ( P < 0.01). Con clusion: In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the nNOS content in the penile corpus cavernosum was significantly decre~ed. Insulin treatment at the dose level employed partially restores the penile nNOS content in these rats.
3.Effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with mitomycin C on activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in rat liver.
Fu-Rong HAO ; Min-Fen YAN ; Shun-Gao TONG ; Li-Ming XU ; Yi-Zun JN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2004;39(11):897-903
AIMTo evaluate the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with mitomycin C (MMC) on activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C1 , and CYP1A2 in the liver of male rats.
METHODSUsing HPLC to determine the activities of the three isoenzymes in rat liver microsomes by detecting the specific metabolites of their substrates after treatment with inducers in vivo or inhibitors in vitro.
RESULTSIn vitro, MMC inhibited the activity of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in dexamethasone-induced microsomes by (19 +/- 6)% (P < 0.05), (85 +/- 10)% (P < 0.01), and (36 +/- 6)% (P < 0.05), respectively, and decreased the activity of CYP1A2 in beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes by (58 +/- 6)% (P < 0.01). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 20% of the LD50 of MMC for 3 or 6 d. The treatment showed no significant effect on microsomal activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11 or CYP1A2.
CONCLUSIONMMC can inhibit the activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro, but it showed no significant effect on the activities of the three isoenzymes in vivo.
Alcohol Oxidoreductases ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P450 Family 2 ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; enzymology ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase ; metabolism
4.Effect of mouse uroplakin II promoter on human bladder cancer cell line.
Hong-jian ZHU ; Zhi-qing ZHANG ; Xiang-fu ZENG ; Shou-shun WEI ; Chun-xiao XU ; Guo-jin HUANG ; Ying-lu GUO
Chinese Journal of Oncology 2004;26(1):22-25
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of gene expression of mouse uroplakin II (UPII) promoter on human bladder cell cancer cell line.
METHODSThe mRNA expression of different cell lines was quantified by RT-PCR. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase (Luc) were used as reporter genes. The plasmids carrying UPII or GFP were constructed and transfected into human cell lines of bladder transitional cell cancer (BIU-87), kindey cancer (GRC-1), vascular endothelium (EC), lung cancer cell line (A549) and skin fibroblast cell line (Hs27). GFP activity of cells was detected by confocual microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM). Luciferase value was measured by luminometer (microplate) and luciferase to beta-galactosidase ratios (L/G values) were used for evaluating transfection efficiency.
RESULTSRT-PCR showed high expression level of UPII mRNA in bladder cancer cell line BIU-87, whereas low level or no expression in nonbladder cancer cell lines. The activity of GFP in bladder cancer (BIU-87) cell was higher than that in the other cell lines (5 - 10/HP versus 0 - 2/HP), with 4.34% positive cells in BIU-87 detected by FCM, but no positive cell was found in the other cell lines. L/G values indicated that the luciferase expression in human bladder cancer cells transfected with mouse UPII promoter was 1.8 - 8.2-fold as high as that in the nonbladder cell lines.
CONCLUSIONMouse UPII promoter gene can be expressed in a tissue-specific fashion in human urinary bladder cancer. It is capable of initiating transcription of reporter genes in human bladder cancer cell line.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Therapy ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; Uroplakin II
5.The influence of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on the epidemic of influenza in Huzhou
LIU Yan ; JIN Mei Hua ; SHEN Jian Yong ; LIU Guang Tao ; FU Yun ; YANG Zhong Rong ; REN Fei Lin ; XU De Shun
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2021;33(4):332-336
Objective:
To evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) prevention and control measures in Huzhou on influenza epidemic strength and characteristics in 2020, so as to provide reference for formulating influenza prevention measures.
Methods:
Using the influenza surveillance data of the national influenza sentinel surveillance system from January 2015 to July 2020, the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic were analyzed, the proportion of influenza-like illness cases ( ILI% ) and the positive rate of influenza virus in January to July of 2020 were compared with those of the same period in 2015-2019, in order to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures.
Results :
The ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in Huzhou were 3.90% and 15.32% during 2015-2019, while were 4.41% and 12.63% from January to July of 2020. The trends of ILI% during 2015-2019 fluctuated similar, but continued to drop since January 2020. The positive rate of influenza virus peaked from December to March in 2015-2019, also peaked from December 2019 to January 2020, but decreased to 0 in March. ILI% was positively correlated with the positive rate of influenza virus ( r=0.682, P<0.05). The growth rates of ILI% from January to July 2020 were 4.75%, -11.27%, 0.68%, 19.84% and 0.92%, compared with the same period of 2015-2019, respectively. The growth rates of ILI% in January 2020 were much higher ( >57.00% ) and from April to July were much lower ( <-33.00% ) . The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate from January to July 2020 were -47.96%, -36.53%, -3.44%, -35.92% and -39.37%, compared to the same period of 2015-2019, respectively. The growth rates of influenza virus positive rate in January 2020 were much higher ( >11.00% ) and from February to March were much lower ( <-61.00% ).
Conclusion
Since COVID-19 prevention and control measures were implemented in January 2020 in Huzhou, the ILI% and the positive rate of influenza virus in sentinel hospitals decreased significantly.
6.Estimation on the intangible cost and influencing factors for patients with hepatitis B-related diseases
Qi-Shan MA ; Yu-Hua ZOU ; Shun-Xiang ZHANG ; Sen LIANG ; He-Wei XIAO ; Xu XIE ; Shu-Jiang MEI ; Wei-Dong JIA ; Yu-Feng ZHANG ; Fu-Qiang GUI ; Fu-Zhen WANG ; Xiao-Feng LIANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2011;32(8):764-767
Objective To estimate the intangible cost and associated factors on patients with hepatitis B-related diseases, so as to explore the differences of the three elicitation techniques on the health economics-related information by trained investigators, using a structured questionnaire. WTP was employed to estimate the intangible cost while an open-ended question format, together with iterative bidding game and payment card were respectively used to elicit WTP for the hypothetical cure of hepatitis B-related diseases. A Multiple linear stepwise regression model was determined to identify those factors potentially affecting the intangible cost. Results A total of 564 subjects from 641 patients with hepatitis B-related diseases were identified for the inclusion of this study. The average annual intangible cost of patient with hepatitis B-related diseases was 54 320.4 Yuan (Ren Minbi).The intangible cost accounted for 53.0% of the total cost, which was much more than the proportions of the direct and indirect costs (38.5% and 8.5%, respectively). Among annual personal and the household income of the patient, proportions of intangible cost were 262.6% and 67.6% respectively,suggesting that the patients were under huge spiritual and psychological pressure. Response rate of the approach, combined open-ended questions with iterative bidding game, was the highest (76.6%) among the three elicitation formats. Considered the characteristics of data being gathered, the approach seemed to be more reasonable. Further studies were needed to examine the results yielded from other WTP elicitation formats. We also noticed that the progression of disease was associated with the increase of direct and indirect costs, but not with the intangible cost. Data from the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that the types of hospital and commercial medical insurance were significantly different in explaining the variation of the intangible cost. Conclusion Measures should be taken to reduce the intangible cost of hepatitis B-related diseases. The approach regarding the combination of open-ended questions with iterative bidding game should be recommended when carrying our further WTP studies of this kind.
7.Combination of Probiotics and Salvia miltiorrhiza Polysaccharide Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Insulin Resistance Improvement in High Fat-Induced NAFLD Mice
Wei WANG ; Ai-Lei XU ; Zheng-Chao LI ; Yi LI ; Shun-Fu XU ; Hua-Chao SANG ; Fachao ZHI
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2020;44(2):336-348
Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is currently the leading cause of obesity-related cancer deaths in middle-aged men.
Methods:
Probiotics with lipid-lowering function were screened from the fecal microbiota of healthy adults. Polysaccharide from different sources was screened for improving insulin resistance. The combination of probiotics and Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (LBM) was investigated for alleviating hepatic steatosis.
Results:
First, Bifidobacterium bifidum V (BbV) and Lactobacillus plantarum X (LpX) were obtained from the fecal microbiota of healthy adults. Second, to improve insulin resistance, a Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide showing good performance in reducing insulin resistance was obtained. The liver total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) levels and the serum levels of free fatty acid, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG, and TC can be significantly reduced through supplementation with LpX-BbV (LB) in NAFLD mice. Interestingly, the function of the probiotic LB can be enhanced by S. miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide. Furthermore, the gut microbiota was modulated by LpX-BbV+S. miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide (LBM). The lipopolysaccharide concentration of the LBM group was decreased by 73.6% compared to the NAFLD group. Ultimately, the mRNA concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) decreased with LB and LBM treatment.
Conclusion
The results of this this study indicate that the LBM combination can be used as a therapeutic for ameliorating NAFLD via modulating the gut microbiota and improving insulin resistance.
8.Influence of high-voltage electrical burn on the rheological property of platelet and leukocyte in rats and the interventional effect of pentoxifylline.
Qing-fu ZHANG ; Wei WEI ; Tao SHANG ; Hui-min ZHOU ; Zeng-ning LI ; Che-jiang WANG ; Jian-ke FENG ; Shun-jiang XU ; Dong-sheng CUI
Chinese Journal of Burns 2012;28(6):428-434
OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of high-voltage electrical burn (HEB) on the aggregation and adhesion of platelet and leukocyte in rats and the interventional effect of pentoxifylline (PTX).
METHODSOne hundred and eighty SD rats were divided into control, electrical burn (EB), and pentoxifylline treatment (PT) groups according to the random number table, with 60 rats in each group. (1) Ten rats were taken from each group at 15 minutes before injury for the observation of the microcirculatory perfusion of chest skin with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI), and the number of leukocyte adherent to mesenteric venule with Bradford Variable Projection Microscope (BVPM). Serum was collected from heart blood to determine the contents of platelet activating factor (PAF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostacyclin (PGI2), P-selectin, E-selectin and L-selectin by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 was calculated therefrom. (2) Model of HEB was reproduced in the remaining 50 rats of EB group and that of PT group with voltage regulator and experimental transformer (the electrical current applied to the left forelimb and exited from the right hind limb). The remaining 50 rats of control group were sham injured with the same devices without electric current. Within 2 minutes post injury (PIM), rats in control group and EB group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL isotonic saline, while rats in PT group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL pentoxifylline (50 mg/mL). At PIM 5 and 1, 2, 4, 8 hour(s) post injury (PIH), 10 rats of every group were randomly chosen at each time point for the observation of the microcirculatory perfusion of chest skin and the number of leukocytes adherent to mesenteric venule through the same method as used above, and the levels of the related factors of aggregation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes were determined, and then the relative ratio was calculated. Data were processed with the analysis of variance of factorial design and LSD test.
RESULTSThe contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, as well as the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group were higher, while the microcirculatory perfusion value was lower than those of control group, with F values from 854.20 to 8156.52, P values all below 0.01. The microcirculatory perfusion value and PGI2 content of PT group were higher, while the contents or number of other indexes were lower than those of EB group, with F values from 33.18 to 1033.99, P values all below 0.01. Only the data within EB group and PT group were comparable. The contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, as well as the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group and PT group at each time point were significantly higher than those at 15 minutes before injury, while the microcirculation perfusion value was significantly lower than that at 15 minutes before injury (P values all below 0.001), with the exception of the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 in PT group and E-selectin in EB group and PT group at PIM 5. The contents of PAF, TXB2, and E-selectin and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 in EB group peaked at PIH 4, and they were respectively (9.3 ± 0.9) ng/mL, (14.31 ± 0.65) nmol/mL, (271.2 ± 18.4) ng/mL and 4.62 ± 0.26. The contents of PGI2 and P-selectin, and the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group peaked at PIH 8, and they were respectively (3.98 ± 0.24) nmol/mL, (514 ± 24) ng/mL, and (25.50 ± 4.14) per 100 µm venule. The content of L-selectin peaked at PIH 2 [(876 ± 54) ng/mL]. The microcirculatory perfusion value was lowest at PIM 5 [(1.17 ± 0.10) V].
CONCLUSIONSHEB can increase the contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, and the number of adhered leukocyte, as well as decrease the skin microcirculatory perfusion value. PTX can inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes through increasing the content of PGI2 and decreasing contents of other factors mentioned above, thus alleviating the microcirculatory dysfunction after HEB.
Animals ; Blood Platelets ; drug effects ; Burns, Electric ; blood ; physiopathology ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Pentoxifylline ; pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
9.Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms 869 T/C and 915 G/C in the exon 1 locus of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Chinese.
Dai-shun LIU ; Xiao-ou LI ; Bin-wu YING ; Lei CHEN ; Tao WANG ; Dan XU ; Fu-qiang WEN
Chinese Medical Journal 2010;123(4):390-394
BACKGROUNDThe main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is cigarette smoking. However, only 10% - 20% of chronic heavy smokers develop systematic COPD. We hypothesized that the inheritance of gene polymorphisms could influence the development of COPD, which was investigated by studying two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in exon 1 of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene.
METHODSWe enrolled 219 patients with COPD as the research group and 148 healthy people as the control group, all of whom were Chinese Han people. The polymorphisms of the TGF-beta1 gene, 869T/C and 915G/C, were analyzed using the method of amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR).
RESULTSThe occurrence of the TGF-beta1 gene 869T/C polymorphism in patients with COPD was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05), in which the relative risk of this disease increased in cases who had the C allele (OR: 1.131, 95%CI: 1.101 - 1.539). There was no increased frequency of TGF-beta1 915G/C gene in COPD patients compared with control subjects (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONSThe polymorphism 869T/C in TGF-beta1 gene has a significant association with disease occurrence in COPD patients and the C allele might be a risk factor. The homozygous wild-type CC of 869T/C on TGFbeta1 could be a predisposing factor in COPD and those who carry the C allele might have particularly susceptibility to developing COPD.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics
10.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a report of 60 cases.
Gui-hua CHEN ; Yang YANG ; Min-qiang LU ; Chang-jie CAI ; Xiao-shun HE ; Xiao-feng ZHU ; Chi XU ; Hua LI ; Jie-fu HUANG
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2004;42(7):413-416
OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the selection of recipients.
METHODSOLT was performed in 60 patients with HCC at Organ Transplantation Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between September 1993 and September 2002. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the response to OLT and survival.
RESULTSOne-month, 1, 2, 3-year survival rate of 23 liver transplant performed from September 1993 to July 2002 were 73.9%, 60.9%, 43.5% and 29.0%, respectively. One-month, 1, 2-year survival rate of 37 liver transplant performed from August 2000 to September 2002 were 89.2%, 75.8% and 61.2%, respectively. One-month survival rate was significantly greater in the patients with a preoperative liver function of Child A or B than Child C (P < 0.05). One-month, 1, 2, 3-year survival rate of small HCC (single tumor
CONCLUSIONSHCC associated with cirrhosis can be effectively treated by OLT on condition that no extrahepatic spread and no vascular involvement. OLT is recommended for treatment of small HCC combined with liver cirrhosis, meanwhile, OLT performed in the partial large HCC still is reasonable at the present time.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; mortality ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome