Objective:To optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids in Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves. Methods:The single factor test and orthogonal test were adopted with the content of total flavonoids as the index, and the ultra-sound-assisted extraction was optimized with the concentration of solvent, extracting time, ratio of raw material to liquid and extraction times as the factors. Results:The optimal extraction conditions were 70% ethanol with 40-fold volume, extracting 2 times with 30 mi-nutes per time. Conclusion:The extraction process is stable and feasible, and all the results are useful references for the extraction process improvement.

Objective　To study the relationship between atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Methods　The extracranial carotid arteries (ECA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) of 54 patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or cerebral infarction (CI) were examined with doppler ultrasound. The distribution of atherosclerotic plaque, degree of stenosis and ultrasounic classification of ECA and the mean velocity of blood flow in MCA were examined. Results　①Stenosis over middle-grade on asymptomatic side in extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) in group of patients with TIA was significantly higher than symptomatic side(P<0.01). Stenosis over high-grade on asymptomatic side in ELCA in group of patients with CI was significantly higher than symptomatic side (P<0.01). ②Flat and soft plaque are most common in group of patients with TIA or CI, then are hard and ulcerative plaques. Incidence of soft plaques on asymptomatic side in group of patients with TIA or CI are significantly higher than symptomatic side (P<0.01); ③Among the group of patients with CI, mean velocity of MCA decreased on asymptomatic side in 31 cases (68.9%), and significantly higher than symptomatic side (P<0.01). Conclusion　Atheroclerotic plaques in carotid artery and intracranial hemodynamic characteristics are the important risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. These findings have important values in predicting subsequent TIA or CI in asymptomatic subjects.

Liver cancer remains one of the leading cause of cancer death in the world.Animal models, especially mouse models, are important tools for studying the biological characteristics, pathogenesis, new drug screening and therapy of liver cancer.Up to now, although the development of various animal models accelerates the research of liver cancer, all the existing models have their own disadvantages.Lacking of economical and applicable animal models that can mimic the human liver cancer seriously restrict the further study of liver cancer.With the development of genetically modified technologies, it provides a fast, easy and reliable method to establish liver cancer models.In this review, we describe the different types of mouse models used in liver cancer research, with emphasis on genetically engineered mice used in this field, which may open an avenue for functional cancer genomics and generation of liver cancer models by using gene editing technologies.

Objective To establish a flow cytometry-based test for the detection of pyroptosis of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Methods Bone marrow cells were isolated from wild type (WT) C57BL/ 6 mice and/ or caspase-1-/ - C57BL/ 6 mice and then stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to differentiate into murine BMDM. PBS, LPS and LPS+adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were respectively used to stimulate the BMDM. Western blot assay was performed to detect the cleav-age of IL-1β and caspase-1. The levels of IL-1β in the supernatants of cell culture were measured by ELISA. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in the culture media was detected by using LDH kit. The pyroptosis of murine BMDM was detected by using flow cytometry analysis after double-staining with TMR red+caspase-1, AnnexinⅤ+caspase-1 and propidium iodide (PI)+caspase-1. Results IL-1β was detected in the culture medium of BMDM treated with LPS+ATP and the cleavage of IL-1β and caspase-1 was confirmed by Western blot assay, which indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by LPS+ATP treatment. Compared with the caspase-1-/ - mice group, higher levels of LDH were detected in the culture medium of BMDM isolated form the WT mice. Results of the flow cytometry analysis after staining BMDM with caspase-1 plus AnnexinⅤ or PI showed that more cells undergoing pyroptosis were detected in the LPS+ATP treat-ment group than that in LPS or PBS treatment group, which were consistent with the results of the reported flow cytometry with caspase-1+TMR red staining. Conclusion The flow cytometry-based test with double-staining of caspase-1 plus AnnexinⅤ or PI could be used for the detection of pyroptosis of murine BMDM.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neuron Disease ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the prognostic significance of over expression of P53, C-erbB-2 in breast cancer. Methods In 48 patients with breast cancer the expression of P53, C-erbB-2, PCNA and ER was determined by the S-P staining immunohistochemical technique. Results The positive rate of P53, C-erbB-2, PCNA and ER were 54％, 43.7％ 52％, 41.6％ seperateiy. Expression of P53 and C-erbB-2 increased with the class of the tissuess. There is significant difference between grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ , Ⅲ (P＜0.05) as well as between lymph node metastasis (＋) and lymph node metastasis (-) patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion The over expression of P53, C-erbB-2 may be a useful prognostic indicator in breast cancer.

Objective:To study the dynamic expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus of rats after carbon monoxide poisoning,and to explore the effect and influence of Nogo-A in the damage to nervous system after carbon monoxide poisoning.Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into NC group(n=6),CO group(n=6),CO-24 h group(n=6),CO-48 h group(n=6),CO-7d group(n=6).The method of injection CO gas was used to establish the carbon monoxide poisoning model.Then immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques were used to observe dynamic expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus of rats at several time intervals after carbon monoxide poisoning and to analyze its change law.Results:IHC results showed that the average optical density value of expression of Nogo-A in NC group,CO group,CO-24 h group,CO-48h group and CO-7d group were 0.0928± 0.0038,0.01172± 0.0042,0.1452± 0.0056,0.1271 ± 0.0057,0.1088± 0.0055.WB results showed that the expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus after carbon monoxide poisoning was significantly higher than that in NC group(P＜0.05),and reached the highest level at 24 h,then had a gradual recovery after 24h.The expression of Nogo-A decreased obviously,but still higher than that of NC group by day 7 (P＜0.05).Conclusions:In this study,the increase of expression of Nogo-A was associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.The expression of Nogo-A reached the highest level at 24h,then had a gradual recovery after 24 h.

Objective To evaluate the treatment of middle-aged and gerontial serious haemorrhagia nasalis with hypodesis of external carotid artery or anterior ethmoidal arter.Methods A retrospective study was performed to investigate treatment of 16 cases of middle-aged and gerontial serious haemorrhagia nasalis,hypodesis of external carotid artery or anterior ethmoidal arter was underwent according to the location and general condition of all cases.Results Satisfactory results were achieved without obviously complication in 34 cases(94.4%).Conclusion Satisfactory results could be achieved by hypodesis of external carotid artery or anterior ethmoidal arter,to treat middle-aged and gerontial serious haemorrhagia nasalis.

italic>Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is a medicinal species belonging to the Orchidaceae, whose whole plant can be used as a medicinal herb, known as "JinXianLian". It has antidiabetic, liver-protecting, anti-inflammatory, etc. A. roxburghii has long been used as food and medicine in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. With the wide recognition of the concept of "medicine and food homology" and the surge of market demand, wild A. roxburghii has been far from meeting the supply. It is important to establish an artificial propagation system. Resource characteristics are the key basis for optimizing germplasm and propagation systems. Therefore, this paper summarizes the germplasm resource characteristics and propagation technologies of A. roxburghii in China to provide a reference for sustainable development and subsequent mechanistic research.

Objective To study the expression of splice variant of progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) of healthy adult and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods Western blot was used to find out the expression in 3 normal livers and tumor and para-tumor tissue of 8 HCC patients. Use T Test to compare the difference. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression in tumor and para-tumor tissue of 48 HCC patients. The splice variant of PIBF serum concentrations of 103 healthy adult, pre-operation and part of 5 days post-operation of 109 HCC patients was tested with ELISA. Result The expression of HCC tissue is lower than para-tumor tissue. The serum concentrations of healthy adult and HCC patients is 73.04 ± 6.29 ng/mL and 49.10 ± 4.07 ng/mL, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.010). The analysis of blood concentrations of pre-operation and part of 5 days post-operation of 15 HCC patients indicate that the expression of pre-operation is lower than post-operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.008). Conclusion The splice variant of PIBF is low expressed in HCC tissue and serum. PIBF is a potential protein plays important role in cancer.